Toyota Kijang

Toyota Kijang

Toyota Zace (F40/F50)
Overview
Manufacturer Toyota Astra Motor
Also called
  • Toyota Condor (Africa)
  • Toyota Qualis (India)
  • Toyota Revo (Philippines)
  • Toyota Stallion (Africa)
  • Toyota Tamaraw (Philippines)
  • Toyota Unser (Malaysia/Singapore)
  • Toyota Venture (Africa)
  • Toyota Zace (Taiwan/Vietnam)
Production 1977–present
Body and chassis
Class Subcompact car (1977–1997)
Compact MPV (1997–present)
Pickup Truck (1977–2004)
Body style Pickup truck (1977–2004)
Minivan (1983–2004)
Related Toyota Revo
Toyota Fortuner
Toyota Hilux
Chronology
Successor Toyota Avanza
Toyota Innova (minivan)
Toyota Hilux (pickup truck)

The Toyota Kijang (Japanese: トヨタ・キジャン Toyota Kijang), an acronym of "Kerjasama Indonesia-Jepang" (English: Indonesian-Japan Cooperation), is a series of pickup trucks and minivans sold mainly in Southeast Asia by Toyota. "Kijang", meaning deer/muntjac in Indonesian, was first introduced in Indonesia in 1977 and it has become the most popular car in the country. The same vehicle was earlier produced in the Philippines as the Toyota Tamaraw, where it was launched in December 1976. Fourth generation models in the Philippines were sold under the Toyota Revo name. This car also sold in other countries, and is known as the Toyota Qualis in India and Nepal (third and fourth generation), Toyota Zace in Taiwan (third and fourth generation), Toyota Unser in Malaysia (fourth generation), and Toyota Stallion in Africa for the basic models (second, third and fourth generation), with higher specifications labelled Toyota Venture (third) and Toyota Condor in South Africa (fourth generation).

It is relatively affordable in the markets where sold when compared to four-wheel drive vehicles (the Kijang is a rear-wheel drive) and features high seating capacity, high ground clearance and rugged suspension, popular features in an area with generally poor road conditions and large extended families.

It is manufactured as a CKD (complete knock-down) in almost every country it is sold in, and many of the parts come from each of the markets in which it is sold. The Kijang was designed with ease of manufacture in mind; in 1986 assembly of a Kijang only cost 42 percent of the cost of assembling the much smaller Corolla 1300.[1]

First generation (F10; 1976–1980)

First generation (F10)

Toyota Tamaraw (KF10)
Overview
Also called Toyota Tamaraw (Philippines)
Production 1976–1980 (Tamaraw)
1977–1980 (Kijang)
Assembly Indonesia: Jakarta
Philippines: Santa Rosa, Laguna
Body and chassis
Class Pickup truck
Layout Front engine rear-wheel drive
Powertrain
Engine 1.2 L 3K I4

The prototype was displayed at the 1975 Jakarta Fair, and production began in 1977. The first Kijang was a compact, light pickup truck powered by 1.2-liter 3K engine matched to four-speed manual transmission. A pickup variant with rear body and roof was also produced. The Kijang Minibus (van/wagon version) was built by a local company.

The Kijang first entered the Indonesian market on 9 June 1977, although it had been on sale in the Philippines since 2 December 1976.[2] It was a boxy pickup truck with externally hinged half doors and plastic/canvas windows. Called "KF10" it shared the 3K engine with the 1972 Corolla, coupled to a four-speed manual transmission. It was nicknamed "Kijang Buaya" (Crocodile Kijang) as the engine hood resembled a crocodile's mouth once opened. The KF10 Kijang car sold 26,806 units until 1981, when it was replaced by the second generation Kijang.

Tamaraw

In the Philippines, the Kijang was sold as the Toyota Tamaraw (named for the Philippines' largest native land mammal, the Tamaraw, a small wild buffalo, Bubalus Mindorensis), produced in the 1970s up to the early 1980s. Introduced in December 1976, it started as a small 3⁄4 ton high-side pick-up (HSPU) with the 1.2L "4K" gasoline engine (producing 56 horsepower), and was produced by the now-defunct Delta Motors, which assembled Toyota vehicles in the Philippines. It was considered a BUV, or "Basic Utility Vehicle".[2] It had a four-speed transmission, and some models had no driver- or front passenger-side doors. Because of its ruggedness and ease of maintenance, even its upgradability (some swap the 4K engine with a more powerful engine, usually a diesel engine or any in Toyota's "K" series of engines), some of these vehicles survive today, and its designs are sometimes copied or modified by local assemblers to this day. It was so successful that General Motors (through Francisco Motors), Ford, and Chrysler (with Mitsubishi) created their own versions, including the two versions of the Pinoy and the Ford Fiera and Cimarron.

Second generation (F20, F30; 1981–1985)

Second generation (F20/F30)

1982 Toyota Kijang (KF20)
Overview
Production 1981–1985
Assembly Indonesia: Jakarta
Philippines: Santa Rosa, Laguna
Body and chassis
Class Pickup truck
Layout Front engine rear-wheel drive
Powertrain
Engine 1.3 L 4K I4
1.5 L 5K I4

The 20-series Kijang retained its boxy style although the body panels were different. Under its slimmer hood was a 1.3-liter 4K engine, which was replaced in 1985 by a 1.5-liter 5K. The only transmission was a 4-speed manual. The facelift model had rectangular headlights. In the Philippines, the Tamaraw was also sold as long wheelbase 30-series.

Third generation (F40, F50; 1986–1996)

Third generation (F40/F50)

1996 Toyota Kijang LGX (KF52) first facelift
Overview
Production 1986–1996
Assembly Indonesia: Jakarta
Philippines: Santa Rosa, Laguna
Body and chassis
Class Minivan
Pickup truck
Layout Front engine rear-wheel drive
Powertrain
Engine 1.5 L 5K I4
1.8 L 7K I4
Toyota Kijang SSX (KF42) in Indonesia

Introduced in late 1986, the Kijang was offered as short wheelbase (KF40 series) and long wheelbase (KF50 series). The Standard trim level had a 4-speed manual transmission, while the Super variant had a 5-speed manual and a better equipped interior. Introduced in this generation was Full Pressed Body minivan built by companies appointed by Toyota. This technique were applied to reduce usage of putties up to 2–5 kg for each car.

Facelift occurred in 1992. The minibus now received a right-side rear door and adopted a new name, Toyota Original Body, instead of Full Pressed Body. In its creation process, it was fully pressed and used pointed welding. Up to this time, this model can be said as the one and only putty-free Kijang. The trim levels for the minibus were:

The Kijang Kencana (KF42/KF52) is a coachbuilder model based on Kijang Rover/Jantan with higher roof and higher ground clearance.

In 1994, the Kijang received a second facelift, including a new grille, new Enkei 14" racing aluminium wheels, new steering wheel, tachometers for deluxe trim, and the larger carbureted 1.8-litre (1,781 cc) 7K-C OHV engine. With the introduction of 7K engine, the production of 5K engine was completely stopped. On 17 August 1995, a four-speed automatic gearbox was introduced as an optional modification for the SGX and LGX models for the first time for the Kijang. This 1995–1996 version was an anniversary model and was relatively expensive—it cost Rp 100 million at the time.

The Kijang was sold in India under the name of Toyota Qualis. The Qualis was based on the third-generation model, but came with the newer fourth-generation nose. It was the launch vehicle of Toyota in India. Critics said the vehicle was outdated that came with an awkward design and did not expect it to sell well. However, Qualis was a hit as the vehicle was welcomed by taxi and fleet operators over others like Tata's Sumo.[3]

A version was built and sold in South Africa as the Venture, with the pickup variant called the Stallion.

Tamaraw

In the Philippines, versions of the Kijang were sold as the Tamaraw FX when it was introduced in the early 1990s. The Tamaraw FX was available with the 1.8-litre 7K-C petrol engine, or the 2.0-litre 2C diesel. Power was 78 hp (58 kW) and 69 hp (51 kW) respectively, allowing for top speeds of 130 or 125 km/h (81 or 78 mph). Standard, Deluxe and GL were the equipment levels offered.

The Toyota Tamaraw grew from a small vehicle to a larger HSPU, which also became powered by a 2.2 L diesel engine and a five-speed manual transmission, and was meant for use as a jeepney. It still retained the ruggedness of the old Tamaraw and is ideal for rough roads. It was then still assembled by Delta Motors. Mazda, Ford, and Isuzu released their competing versions. A local Philippine auto brand, Dragon, has taken the designs of the diesel Tamaraw and marketed it. Also around this time Nissan, through its local assembler Universal Motors, assembled and marketed their own variant on the AUV theme: the Bida (Tagalog, protagonist). Local car assembler Carter Motors came up with their own version, the Masa (Tagalog for masses, implying that the car is within reach of the masses.)

In the early years of the 1990s, Toyota launched the Tamaraw FX HSPU, which resembles the second generation Tamaraw, but with a whole host of new features including power steering and air conditioning, with the option of installing extra rail-mounted lights on the roof. The Tamaraw FX was assembled by Toyota Motors Philippines. It later evolved into the Tamaraw FX Wagon, which became a favorite of taxi companies. It came in gasoline and diesel variants.

Fourth generation (F60, F70, F80; 1997–2004)

Fourth generation (F60/F70/F80)

2003 Toyota Kijang LGX (KF82) second facelift
Overview
Production 1997–2004 (wagon)
1997–2007 (pickup)
Assembly Indonesia: Jakarta
Philippines: Santa Rosa, Laguna
Body and chassis
Class Minivan
Pickup truck
Layout Front engine rear-wheel drive or Four-wheel drive (Toyota Condor)
Powertrain
Engine 1.8 L 7K I4
2.0 L 1RZ I4
2.4 L 2L diesel I4
3.0 L 5L diesel I4 (Toyota Condor)
Transmission 5-speed manual
4-speed automatic
Chronology
Successor Toyota Avanza
Toyota Innova
Toyota Kijang 1.8 LSX (KF82)

In early 1997, the new Kijang received a redesign to be larger, heavier, and have the completely rounded, aerodynamic shape, and was now in the compact class, rather than subcompact, and was more powerful and more refined than its predecessors. The minibus, often known as Kijang Capsule, was either the 70-series (short wheelbase) or the 80-series (long wheelbase). The pickup model was the 60-series. The diesel-equipped Kijang was the favorite model in Indonesia, and it could achieve up to 14 km/l of fuel, which was comparable to the Isuzu Panther (which gave the same rate of engine but with stiffer design).

The fourth generation Kijang vehicles were generally released in two series of trims:

2003 Kijang SSX (KF72) in Indonesia

The pickup variant was offered with Standard Deck and Flat Deck (and it was replaced by the Hilux Single Cabin when the Kijang Pickup was discontinued in 2007). Trim levels for the minibus included SX, SSX, SGX (short), LX, LSX, LGX and Krista (long). The short wheelbase and sporty Rangga was also offered for a short time, but this model was not successful in the market, with only a very few units sold. A version called "RoverAce" and "Jantan Raider" made by local company, was also sold only a few units.

In the year 2000, the Kijang got a new front end. The 2.0-litre engine was offered in the LGX and Krista models. Another minor change was given in 2002 with new grille, rear garnish, and some small changes with its features.

Fourth generation Kijang, in Indonesia, was changed three times:

A version was built and sold in South Africa as the Condor with 4x4 drivetrain and more features such as airbags, higher roof and AC with climate control. Also available with 3.0L 5L engine.

Revo

1998–2000

The fourth-generation Kijang was sold in the Philippines under the Tamaraw FX Revo nameplate. The model was introduced in 1998 to replace the Tamaraw FX (though it was sold alongside it for a while). The platform and diesel engine were based from the similar era Hilux. Engine choices include a 1.8-liter OHV EFI for the gasoline engine and 2.4-literOHC diesel engine. Trim lines available are the DLX (entry level), GL, GLX, SR (Sport Runner), the high-end LXV, VX200 and the limited edition SR-J and VX200-J (part of Toyota's series of J, or Japan-spec, vehicles, which extended to the Hilux and the RAV4). The LXV trim was discontinued in the 2000 model year in favor of the VX200, while the GSX is a whole new variant. Facelifted versions were introduced in 2003; two J-spec trim lines (SR-J and VX200-J) were retired from the line, and higher-end trim versions received upgraded leather seating, entertainment systems and appointments.

The DLX has a vinyl interior, a two spoke steering wheel, a two-speaker radio/tape set-up and steel wheels with center ornaments. The GL grade has steel wheels with hubcaps, a four speaker radio/tape set-up and a fabric interior. The GLX, SR and LXV has a six speaker radio/tape set-up, fog lamps, alloy wheels, a rear wiper and all power amenities. Body graphics are exclusive to the SR and LXV only. The LXV had gold-trimmed badges. The SR has the word "Sport Runner" written in a font set similar to the one used for the Supra. It sold very well, in 1998 it accumulated a total sales of 7,700 units. Safety features were basic such as safety belts, load sensing proportioning valve, child-proof door locks and door impact beams.

The first released diesel powered Revos are notorious for being smoke belchers, among other diesels at that time, with some complaints from owners.

2000–2003

For 2000, Toyota revised the Revo, with badge changes and trim line revamp. Engine choices include the 1.8-liter OHV EFI and new 2.0-liter SOHC EFI gasoline engines and a 2.4-liter OHC direct-injection diesel engine. The 2-liter diesel engine has been revised to address smoke-belching complaints.

The Revo received a facelift, featuring clear halogen headlamps, new wheels, new interiors and availability of new colors. Trim lines includes the DLX (entry level), GL, GSX, GLX, SR (Sport Runner), VX200, and the limited edition SR-J and VX200-J (part of Toyota's series of J, or Japan-spec, vehicles, which extended to the Hilux and the RAV4). The VX line eventually replaced the LXV; and the GSX is a whole new variant.

The DLX, the entry level, has only power steering, and no other power features. This variant lacks a tachometer, and is equipped only with a tape deck/radio receiver, 2 speakers in the front row only, vinyl interior and it has 14-inch steel wheels with center ornament. The GL is the "higher-end entry-level" with radio-cd setup, fabric interior, tachometer, and steel wheels with hubcaps. The remaining lines has all-power features, CD player/radio receiver and six-speaker setup (but upgradable to a DVD player setup), as well as rear-window defoggers. The VX and SR-J lines have leather seats and TV screens mounted on the dashboard and on the headrests. Only the SR-J, a special version of the SR (distinct wheels, unique livery), the GSX and the VX200 and VX200J had 2.0 liter gasoline engines and power fender-mounted radio antennas. Front-facing third-row seats were made as an option, a rarity for AUVs at that time.

2003–2005

The VX240D (2 L diesel) was introduced to the new lineup in mid-2004. The Revo received its third and last refreshing. The J series of Toyota vehicles were discontinued, hence the discontinuation of its two J-spec trim lines (SR-J and VX200-J). It received a badge revision, availability of new colors and exterior and interior details, including a 3 spoke steering wheel with a chrome Toyota logo, larger headlights, Land Cruiser style tail lights (which are present in the fourth-generation Kijang), upgraded audio systems and other additional features. The top trim (VX200 and VX240D) received upgraded leather seats, upgraded entertainment systems, chrome appointments, side-steps(together with the SR variant) and upgraded dual DVD monitors. For the SR, a new livery was introduced, as well as the words "SPORT RUNNER" executed in plain text, discontinuing the use of the font used for the Supra. GLX and GSX grades received new wheels and different livery for the GSX

It had good sales expectations but was discontinued in 2005 likely due to Toyota's IMV Project. The last Revos were either sold to rental fleets, police departments, or people who want to snap the last few examples, until February 2005.

Kijang Innova

Main article: Toyota Innova

Toyota replaced the Kijang across Southeast Asia with the smaller Avanza in 2003, and the larger Innova in 2004. The latter has been retailed by Toyota Astra in Indonesia as the "Kijang Innova" to retain its linkage with the original model.

The Avanza was renewed for a second generation in 2011, while the Innova was refreshed in 2015—retaining the Kijang Innova designation in Indonesia. Toyota Astra categorize the Innova as the fifth and sixth generation Kijang.[4]

References

  1. ↑ Tang, Roger Y. W. (October 1990). "The Auto Makers and their Related Party Transactions in Indonesia". Asia Pacific Journal of Management (Kluwer Academic Publishers) 7 (2): 75. doi:10.1007/BF01731423.
  2. 1 2 "Overall Chronological Table: 1971-1980". 75 Years of Toyota. Toyota Motor Corporation. Retrieved 2014-01-18.
  3. ↑ Abhineet Kumar (12 March 2013). "Fortuner, Innova save Toyota the business". Business Standard.
  4. ↑ Toyota Kijang: Inspirasi Dari Indonesia Untuk Dunia [Toyota Kijang: Inspiration from Indonesia to the World] (in Indonesian). Toyota Motor Manufacturing Indonesia. 2015-11-26. Retrieved 2015-12-29.

External links

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