Towson, Maryland

"Towson" redirects here. For other uses, see Towson (disambiguation).
Towson, Maryland
Census-designated place

The historic 1854 Baltimore County Courthouse located in Towson, Maryland

Location of Towson, Maryland
Coordinates: 39°23′35″N 76°36′34″W / 39.39306°N 76.60944°W / 39.39306; -76.60944Coordinates: 39°23′35″N 76°36′34″W / 39.39306°N 76.60944°W / 39.39306; -76.60944
Country  United States
State  Maryland
County Baltimore
Area
 • Total 14.2 sq mi (36.8 km2)
 • Land 14.0 sq mi (36.4 km2)
 • Water 0.1 sq mi (0.4 km2)
Elevation 463 ft (141 m)
Population (2010)
 • Total 55,197
 • Density 3,688.7/sq mi (1,424.2/km2)
Time zone Eastern (EST) (UTC-5)
 • Summer (DST) EDT (UTC-4)
ZIP codes 21200-21299
Area code(s) 410
FIPS code 24-78425
GNIS feature ID 0591420

Towson (/ˈtaʊsən/)[1] is an unincorporated community and a census-designated place in Baltimore County, Maryland. The population was 55,197 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Baltimore County[2] and the second-most populated unincorporated county seat in the United States (after Ellicott City, Maryland in nearby Howard County).[3]

History

1600s

The first inhabitants of the future Towson and central Baltimore County region were the "Susquehannock" Indians who hunted in the area. Their region included all of Baltimore County, though their primary settlement was farther northeast along the Susquehanna River.[4]

1700s

Towson was settled in 1752 when two Pennsylvania brothers, William and Thomas Towson, began farming an area of Sater's Hill, northeast of the present-day York and Joppa Roads.[5] William's son, Ezekiel, opened the Towson Hotel to serve the increasing traffic of farmers bringing their produce and livestock to the port of Baltimore. Towson located the hotel at current-day Shealy Avenue and York Road, near the area's main crossroads.[6] The village became known as "Towsontown".[3][7]

In 1790, businessman Capt. Charles Ridgely completed the magnificent Hampton Mansion just north of Towsontown, the largest private house in America at the time. The Ridgelys lived there for six generations, until 1948.[8] It is now preserved as the Hampton National Historic Site and open to the public.

1800s

After the ratification of the second Maryland Constitution of 1851, which provided for the jurisdictional separation of the former Baltimore Town, founded 1729, which had served as the county seat since 1767, now the City of Baltimore, since its incorporation in 1796-1797 by the General Assembly of Maryland. Several tortured sets of negotiations occurred to divide the various assets of the City and the County, such as the downtown Courthouse of 1805, the City/County Jail of 1801 along the Jones Falls (at East Madison Street) and the Almshouse, which was also jointly owned. After a series of elections and referendums, on February 13, 1854, Towson became the choice of the remaining, now mostly rural, eastern, northern and western portions of the County as the new county seat of Baltimore County by popular vote.[9] The Court House, still in use by 2015, with its various annexes (and the separate county courts and administrative building) was originally designed by the local city architectural firm of Dixon, Balbirnie and Dixon[10] and completed within a year, constructed of limestone and marble donated by the well-known Ridgely family of nearby Hampton Mansion, on land donated by Towson merchant Grafton Bosley.[7][9] The County Courthouse was subsequently enlarged in 1910 through additional designs for north and south wings by well-known and regarded city architects, Baldwin & Pennington. Additional expansion later in 1926 and 1958 eventually created an H-shaped plan for the entire older courthouse. An additional modernistic Baltimore County Courts Building, with room for the new charter government since 1956 and administration of a county executive and county council, plus administrative and executive departments was erected in 1970-1971 across a plaza to the west of the older historic courthouse and series of additions[11] The old Baltimore County Jail was built in 1855, and was later replaced by the 1980s by a new modern Baltimore County Detention Center, north of the town on Kenilworth Avenue, with an addition constructed in the 2010s.

From 1850 to 1874, another notable land owner, Amos Matthews, had a farm of 150 acres (0.61 km2) that — with the exception of the 17-acre (69,000 m2) largely natural parcel where the Kelso Home for Girls (currently Towson YMCA), was later erected — was wholly developed into the neighborhoods of West Towson, Southland Hills and other subdivisions beginning in the middle 1920s.[12]

The former Grafton Bosley estate "Uplands", Towson Maryland. after later becoming the Presbyterian Home of Maryland (photo c. 1930)

During the Civil War, Towson was the scene of two minor engagements. Many of Towson's citizens were sympathetic to the southern Confederate cause, so much so that Ady's Hotel, (later the Towson Hotel) and the current site of the 1920s-era Towson Theatre (for movies) and currently the Recher Theatre, flew a Southern flag.[13][14][15] The Union Army found it necessary to overtake the town by force on June 2, 1861.[16] During the raid, the Union Army seized weapons from citizens at Ady's Hotel.[16] A local paper, in jest, referred to Towson as the “strongly fortified and almost impregnable city of Towsontown” and downplays the need for the attack, stating, “the distinguished Straw, with only two hundred and fifty men, has taken a whole city and nearly frightened two old women out of their wits.”[16]

The second engagement took place around July 12, 1864, between Union and Confederate forces. On July 10, 1864, a 135-man Confederate cavalry detachment attacked the Northern Central Railway to the north in nearby Cockeysville, under orders from Gen. Bradley T. Johnson, late of Frederick, Maryland. The First and Second Maryland Cavalry, led by Baltimore County native and pre-war member of the Towson Horse Guards, Maj. Harry W. Gilmor, of "Glen Ellen", attacked strategic targets throughout Baltimore and Harford counties, including cutting telegraph wires along Harford Road, capturing two trains and a Union General, and destroying a railroad bridge in Joppa, Maryland. Following what became known as Gilmor's Raid, the cavalry encamped in Towson overnight at Ady's Hotel where his men rested and Gilmor met with friends.[13][17] The next day, a large federal cavalry unit was dispatched from Baltimore to overtake Gilmor's forces. Though outnumbered by more than two to one, the Confederate cavalry attacked the federal unit, breaking the federal unit and chasing them down York Road to around current day Woodbourne Avenue within Baltimore City limits.[13][18][19] Gilmor's forces traveled south along York Road as far south as Govans, before heading west to rejoin Gen. Johnson's main force.[20] Following the war, Gilmor served as the Baltimore City Police Commissioner in the 1870s.

The Towson fire of 1878 destroyed most of the 500 block along the York Turnpike causing an estimated $38,000 in damage.[21][22]

During the summer of 1894, the Towson Water Company laid wooden pipes and installed fire hydrants that were connected to an artesian well near Aigburth Vale. On November 2, 1894, Towson was supplied with electric service through connection with the Mount Washington Electric Light and Power Company.[23]

1900s

At the beginning of the century, Towson remained largely a rural community. Land continued to be sold by the acre, rather than as home parcels. Most residences lay within Towson proper: no houses existed west of Central Avenue along Allegheny or Pennsylvania avenues, and there were only three homes along the West Chesapeake Avenue corridor.[24]

In the 1910s, the Maryland State Normal School (now known as Towson University) was relocated to Towson. The Maryland Legislature had established the MSNS in 1865 as Maryland’s first teacher-training school, or normal school.[25] This institution officially opened its doors on 15 January 1866,[26] but as time passed, enrollment in the school grew exponentially, rendering the facilities inadequate. In 1910, the General Assembly formed a committee to oversee site selection, budget, and design plans for the new campus, which settled on an 80-acre (320,000 m2) site in Towson and the General Assembly financed the $600,000 move in 1912.[25] Construction began in 1913 on the Administration Building, now known as Stephens Hall. In September 1915, the new campus, comprising Stephens Hall, Newell Hall, and the power plant, began classes.[27] The college underwent numerous name changes, settling on Towson University in 1997.

As the growth of Baltimore's suburbs became more pronounced after World War II, considerable office development took place in Towson's central core area. Many of the large Victorian and colonial-style residences in the vicinity of the Court House were demolished in the 1980s and 1990s for offices and parking.

Towson United Methodist Church

In 1839, Epsom Chapel became the first Christian house of worship in Towson, used by various denominations.[3] As the population grew in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, several churches were built to serve the community, such as Calvary Baptist Church, Immaculate Conception Catholic Church, Trinity Episcopal Church, First Methodist Church, and Towson Presbyterian Church. Epsom Chapel was demolished in 1950 when Goucher College sold a portion of its property for development of the Towson Plaza shopping center, now Towson Town Center. First Methodist Church moved in 1958 to land also acquired from Goucher College and is now Towson United Methodist Church.[7]

Author Robert Coston, who grew up in the area of Towson now called "Historic East Towson," recalled in an interview the unique African-American history of that area during the mid-century: "I think that the Towson, Maryland area that I am familiar with differs from other parts of Maryland because of the proximity to one of the largest slave plantations in the country. The Ridgely Plantation which owned all of the property from Baltimore County to Baltimore City and other surrounding areas. ...This was a very unique place of which I have never heard of any equal to it. Every African American school age child in Baltimore County had to attend school at some point at Carver in East Towson. ...I realize now that as a youngster the older African Americans avoided talking about slavery or the nearby Ridgely Plantation because they themselves were not too far removed from slavery itself."[28]

Geography

Towson is located at 39°23′35″N 76°36′34″W / 39.39306°N 76.60944°W / 39.39306; -76.60944 (39.392980, −76.609562).[29]

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 14.2 square miles (37 km2), of which, 14.0 square miles (36 km2) of it is land and 0.2 square miles (0.52 km2) of it (1.06%) is water.

The community is located immediately north of Baltimore City, inside the Beltway (I-695), east of I-83 and along York Road. Its census boundaries include Pikesville to the west, Lutherville and Hampton to the north, Parkville to the east, and Baltimore to the south.

Major neighborhoods in Towson include Anneslie, Idlewylde, Greenbriar, Southland Hills, Rodgers Forge, Stoneleigh, Wiltondale, Towson Manor Village, Hunt Crest Estates, Knollwood-Donnybrook, East Towson, and West Towson. Ruxton, which lies to the west, is sometimes considered a part of Towson. Eudowood is a Towson neighborhood named after Eudocia, the wife of Dr. John T. Stansbury - on whose former estate it is situated.[30]

Climate

The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Towson has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.[31]

Government

The Maryland Department of Public Safety and Correctional Services is headquartered at Suite 1000 at 300 East Joppa Road in the Towson CDP.[32][33][34]

Demographics

Towson Population History
Census year Population
1960 19,090
1970 77,768*
1980 51,083
1990 49,445
2000 51,793
2010 55,197
*Census Boundaries in 1970 extended beyond the community proper

As of the census[35] of 2000, there were 51,793 people, 21,063 households, and 11,331 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 3,688.7 people per square mile (1,424.3/km²). There were 21,997 housing units at an average density of 1,566.6 per square mile (604.9/km²). The racial makeup of the CDP was 86.9% White, 7.53% African American, 0.10% Native American, 3.7% Asian, and 1.9% Hispanic.

There were 21,063 households out of which 23.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.6% were married couples living together, 7.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 46.2% were non-families. 36.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 17.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.16 and the average family size was 2.87.

In the CDP the population was spread out with 17.4% under the age of 18, 17.5% from 18 to 24, 24.9% from 25 to 44, 20.1% from 45 to 64, and 20.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females there were 82.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 78.8 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $53,775, and the median income for a family was $75,832 (these figures had risen to $64,313 and $98,744 respectively as of a 2007 estimate[36]). Males had a median income of $49,554 versus $38,172 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $32,502. About 2.5% of families and 7.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.8% of those under age 18 and 4.7% of those age 65 or over.

Transportation

Roads

Major roads in Towson include:

Public transportation

The Towson area has several bus lines operated by the Maryland Transit Administration. These include:

Towson also has light rail service to downtown Baltimore and BWI Airport along its periphery via the Lutherville and Falls Road stops, though there are no stops actually in Towson.

Towson University and Goucher College also operate bus services for their students, and the Collegetown Shuttle has several stops in the area.

Pedestrians and bicycles

The Towson Bike Beltway is scheduled to open in June 2014. It will include the addition of bicycle lanes on several major streets encircling the downtown area.[37] The main loop includes Bosley Avenue (which is part of Maryland Route 45 Bypass), Fairmount Avenue, and Goucher Boulevard; these three roads will receive full bike lanes. The rest of the loop, utilizing Hillen Road and Towsontown Boulevard, will receive signage alerting motorists to expect an increase in bicycle traffic on those roads. After this initial construction, several spurs are envisioned to branch from the main loop, with several reaching as far south as the Baltimore city line.[38]

"Ma and Pa" Railroad

"Ma & Pa" train crossing York Road, Towson, in the 1950s — the bridge was removed in 1959

Railroad service began to Towson on April 17, 1882, with construction of the Baltimore & Delta Railway Company, soon renamed the Baltimore & Lehigh Railroad and later reorganized as the Maryland and Pennsylvania Railroad. The "Ma and Pa", as it was affectionately known locally, formerly operated between Baltimore and York, Pennsylvania, through Towson. Its passenger station was located just west of York Road on Susquehanna Avenue. Passenger service was discontinued on August 31, 1954, and the railroad line through Towson was finally abandoned altogether on June 11, 1958, leaving only the stone abutments where the tracks crossed York Road on a steel girder bridge.[39] One passenger on the last passenger train recalled that many riders came from as far away as Boston and Washington, D.C., to participate in the historic event, along with members of the National Railway Historical Society.[40] Historic Towson, a local group of history buffs, installed a bronze plaque on the west abutment in 1999, commemorating the defunct railroad's place in Towson's history.[41]

Shopping and other attractions

The Hampton Plaza

Towson features some of Baltimore County's largest shopping centers as well as other popular venues of interest. These include:

Hampton Mansion

Hampton National Historic Site is operated by the U.S. National Park Service. The home and grounds were formerly the core of the vast Ridgely estate. The site includes the Ridgely's 18th Century Georgian manor house, gardens, grounds, and the original stone slave quarters. The National Park Service offers free admission and guided tours.

Towson Town Center

Main article: Towson Town Center

Towson Town Center is Baltimore County's largest indoor mall with four stories of shops and a parking garage, which is also linked to some other shops across the street, including a Barnes & Noble, which structurally is beneath Joppa Road near the Towson Circle. Also nearby is Allegheny Avenue, the main street of downtown Towson, which offers a variety of local eateries.

Towson Square

Main article: Towson Square

A new outdoor mall, Towson Square, was under construction in 2013. After quick construction, the Square opened in October 2014.

The Shops at Kenilworth

The Shops at Kenilworth, formerly known as Kenilworth Park and also as Kenilworth Bazaar, is a small indoor mall located on Kenilworth Drive.

Towson Place

Main article: Towson Place

Towson Place is a major shopping area near Joppa Road, Goucher Boulevard, and Putty Hill Avenue. Built on the site of the Eudowood Sanatarium, the original Eudowood Plaza shopping center was an open mall anchored by Montgomery Ward. Renovated in the early 1980s to an indoor mall and renamed Towson Marketplace, the location was then redeveloped in 1998 as an open-air collection of big box stores and other stores and restaurants,[42] including a Walmart, Target, Marshall's, Sports Authority, and Bed Bath & Beyond. Towson Place is next to Calvert Hall College High School.

Towson Center & Unitas Stadium

Towson University's arena Towson Center and stadium Unitas Stadium are both main venues for Towson Tiger athletics and other events. SECU Arena, which opened in Spring 2013, now hosts the Towson Tiger Men's and Women's Basketball teams, Women's Gymnastics and Women's Volleyball teams.

Education

Colleges and universities

Towson University is a public school in southern Towson. Towson University's student population is greater than 20,000, making it the second largest institution in the University System of Maryland. TU is home to the largest Business School in the state of Maryland, with 2,500 students. It was founded in 1866 as the Maryland State Normal School for the training of teachers. North of downtown is a small private liberal arts school, Goucher College, which was founded in 1885 as The Woman's College of Baltimore.

Public schools

Towson High School

Towson is served by the Baltimore County Public Schools district, and the Baltimore County Board of Education headquarters is located here as well. There are three high schools. Towson High School was the first secondary school founded and is Towson's largest, while Loch Raven High School dates from 1972. The Carver Center for Arts and Technology is a local magnet school.

Towson is served by seven public elementary schools: Rodgers Forge, Stoneleigh, Riderwood, Hampton, West Towson, Pleasant Plains and Cromwell Valley Regional Magnet School of Technology, which serves students from all over Baltimore County. Most of these schools are now over-capacity.

Towson is served by two public middle schools, Dumbarton Middle School and Loch Raven Technical Academy. Some students also go to Ridgely Middle School in Lutherville.

Also located in Towson is Ridge Ruxton School, a special education school serving the central area of Baltimore County, including Reisterstown, Owings Mills, Parkville, Cockeysville, and Hunt Valley. The school describes itself as offering "programs for students from three to twenty-one years of age who have been identified as developmentally delayed, intellectually limited, autistic-like, and/or multi-handicapped".[43]

Private schools

The Towson area has a number of long-established private schools at the secondary school level, including Calvert Hall College High School, Loyola Blakefield, Concordia Preparatory School, Notre Dame Preparatory School.

Notable people

Medical facilities

In popular culture

See also

References

  1. ↑ http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/towson
  2. ↑ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved 2011-06-07.
  3. 1 2 3 "Towson, Maryland: A Great Place to Live, Work & Play!—A Synopsis of Towson, MD". Towson Chamber of Commerce. 2006. Retrieved 2008-01-11.
  4. ↑ "Towson: A Pictorial History of a Maryland Town", page 13, by Henry George Hahn, Carl Behm, 1977, Donning Company, ISBN 0-915442-36-1
  5. ↑ http://www.towson.edu/isso/todoattu.asp
  6. ↑ http://towson.patch.com/groups/business-news/p/history-on-tap-recher-owners-revive-towson-tavern
  7. 1 2 3 Brook Gunning and Molly O'Donovan (1999). Towson and the Villages of Ruxton and Lutherville. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 0-7385-0226-X.
  8. ↑ Ann Milkovich McKee (2007). Images of America — Hampton National Historic Site. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7385-4418-2.
  9. 1 2 Historical marker, Towson Courthouse, Baltimore County Historical Society.
  10. ↑ "The Architecture of Baltimore an Illustrated History", Hayward & Shivers, 2004 ISBN 0-8018-7806-3, p. 142
  11. ↑ Baltimore County Panorama, Brooks & Parsons, ISBN 0-937076-03-1, p. 29
  12. 1 2 A Brief History of West Towson, by David A. Loizeaux http://www.bcplonline.org/info/history/hist_west_towson.html
  13. 1 2 3 Baker, Gary. "Gilmor's Ride Around Baltimore". Civil War Interactive. Retrieved 2009-11-01.
  14. ↑ Baltimore County Library
  15. ↑ Chicago Tribune, Civil War sites keep Maryland history alive
  16. 1 2 3 "Seizure of arms at Towsontown". The Daily Dispatch. June 6, 1861. Retrieved 2009-11-01.
  17. ↑ Hall, Clayton (1912). Baltimore: History, Page 198. Baltimore: History. Retrieved 2009-11-01.
  18. ↑ Background History of Harry Gilmor's Raid
  19. ↑ Bruce, Philip (1916). The Dash on Baltimore. Brave Deeds of Confederate Soldiers. Retrieved 2009-11-01.
  20. ↑ Daniel Carroll Toomey (1983). The Civil War in Maryland. Baltimore, Md.: Toomey Press. pp. 127–129. ISBN 0-9612670-0-3.
  21. ↑ A History of Baltimore County, Neal A. Brooks and Eric J. Rockel, ISBN 0-9602326-1-3, p. 293
  22. ↑ Maryland Journal, Sept. 14, 1867, Feb., 2 1878; (Towson) Union News, June 9, 1917.
  23. ↑ A History of Baltimore County, Neal A. Brooks and Eric J. Rockel, ISBN 0-9602326-1-3, p. 297
  24. ↑ A History of Baltimore County, Neal A. Brooks and Eric J. Rockel, ISBN 0-9602326-1-3, p. 298
  25. 1 2 "History - Towson At a Glance". Towson University. Retrieved 2007-09-11.
  26. ↑ "Towson University". Maryland Online Encyclopedia. Retrieved 2007-09-11.
  27. ↑ "Chronology of Towson University History". Towson University. Retrieved 2007-09-11.
  28. ↑ Coston, Robert G. . "Interview with the author Robert G. Coston". To Scotland and Back, January 2010
  29. ↑ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. 2011-02-12. Retrieved 2011-04-23.
  30. ↑ A History of Baltimore County, Neal A. Brooks and Eric J. Rockel, ISBN 0-9602326-1-3, p. 292
  31. ↑ Climate Summary for Towson, Maryland
  32. ↑ "Contact Information by Agency." Maryland Department of Public Safety and Correctional Services. Retrieved on March 23, 2009.
  33. ↑ "Maryland Department of Public Safety and Correctional Services." Maryland State Archives. Retrieved on March 23, 2009.
  34. ↑ "Towson CDP, Maryland." U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved on March 23, 2009.
  35. ↑ "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  36. ↑ U.S. Census Bureau - Fact Sheet: Towson CDP, Maryland
  37. ↑ "Towson's 'Bike Beltway' slated to open in June". 13 March 2014. Retrieved 2014-04-26.
  38. ↑ "Towson Bike Beltway to double in size". 27 September 2013. Retrieved 2014-04-26.
  39. ↑ George W. Hilton (1963). The Ma & Pa — A History of the Maryland & Pennsylvania Railroad. Berkeley, CA: Howell-North Books. LCCN 63-17444.
  40. ↑ John R. Eicker (August 30, 1964). "The Ma and Pa's Last Run from Baltimore to York". The Baltimore Sun.
  41. ↑ Loni Ingraham (May 26, 1999). "'Ma and Pa' railroad abutments get HTI plaque". The Towson Times.
  42. ↑ Kaiser, Rob (Dec 22, 1997). "Towson Marketplace undergoing a rebirth". Baltimore Business Journal. Retrieved 2013-10-05.
  43. ↑ "School Profile". Ridge Ruxton School. Baltimore County Public Schools. Retrieved 2010-01-25.
  44. ↑ Baltimore County, Its History Progress and Opportunities, by T. Scott Offutt and Elmer R. Haile, The Jeffersonian Publishing Company inc. 1916 - Enoch Pratt Library REF XF Md. 182.1.03

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