Thomas of Villanova
| St. Thomas of Villanova, O.S.A. | |
|---|---|
 Old master print of St. Thomas in Portraits of Illustrious Spaniards (Madrid, 1791) | |
| Religious, bishop and confessor | |
| Born |
Tomás García y Martínez 1488 in Villanueva de los Infantes, Ciudad Real, Spain |
| Died |
September 8, 1555 in Valencia, Spain |
| Venerated in |
Roman Catholic Church (Order of St. Augustine) |
| Canonized | November 1, 1658 by Pope Alexander VII |
| Feast | September 22 |
| Attributes | A bishop distributing alms to the poor |
| Patronage | Santolan, (Pasig City), Alimodian and Miag-ao (Iloilo), Villanova University |
St. Thomas of Villanova O.S.A. (1488–1555) was a Spanish friar of the Order of Saint Augustine who was a noted preacher, ascetic and religious writer of his day. He became an archbishop who was famous for the extent of his care for the poor of his see.
Life
He was born Tomás García y Martínez in Fuentellana, Spain, in 1488.[1] His father was a miller,[2] who regularly distributed food and provisions to the poor, as did his mother.[3] He grew up and was educated in Villanueva de los Infantes, in the Province of Ciudad Real, Spain, therefore the name Thomas of Villanueva. Part of the original house still stands, with a coat of arms in the corner, beside a family chapel. In spite of his family's wealth, as a young boy he often went about naked because he had given his clothing to the poor.
At the age of sixteen years, Thomas entered the University of Alcalá de Henares to study Arts and Theology. He became a professor there, teaching arts, logic, and philosophy, despite a continuing absentmindedness and poor memory.[4] In 1516, he decided to join the Augustinian friars in Salamanca and in 1518 was ordained a priest.
He became renowned for his eloquent and effective preaching in the churches of Salamanca.[3] Thomas composed beautiful sermons, among which stands out the Sermon on the Love of God, one of the great examples of sacred oratory of the 16th century. Charles V, upon hearing him preach, exclaimed, "This monsignor can move even the stones!". Charles named Thomas one of his councilors of state and court preacher in Valladolid, the residence of the Emperor when on his visits to the Low Countries.[1]
His scathing attacks on his fellow bishops earned him the title of reformer.[2] Some of his sermons attacked the cruelty of bullfighting. He also had a great devotion to the Virgin Mary, whose heart he compared to the burning bush of Moses that is never consumed.
Within the Order, he successively held the positions of prior of his local monastery, Visitor General, and Prior Provincial for Andalusia and Castile. In 1533, Thomas sent out the first Augustinian friars to arrive in Mexico.[1] Charles V offered him the post of Archbishop of Granada but he would not accept it.
Bishop
In 1544 he was nominated as Archbishop of Valencia and he continued to refuse the position until ordered to accept by his superior. Given a donation to decorate his residence, he sent the money to a hospital in need of repair.[3] He began his episcopacy by visiting every parish in the Archdiocese to discover what were the needs of the people.[5] Aided by his assistant bishop, Juan Segriá, he put in order an archdiocese that for a century had not had direct pastoral government. He organized a special college for Moorish converts, and in particular an effective plan for social assistance, welfare, and charity. In 1547 he ordained as a priest the future Saint Luis Beltrán, O.P., a noted missionary in South America. Thomas started Presentation Seminary in 1550.[5]
He was well known for his great personal austerity (he sold the straw mattress on which he slept in order to give money to the poor) and wore the same habit that he had received in the novitiate, mending it himself.[4] Thomas was known as “father of the poor.”[2] His continual charitable efforts were untiring, especially towards orphans, poor women without a dowry, and the sick. He possessed, however, an intelligent notion of charity, so that while he was very charitable, he sought to obtain definitive and structural solutions to the problem of poverty; for example, giving work to the poor, thereby making his charity bear fruit. "Charity is not just giving, rather removing the need of those who receive charity and liberating them from it when possible," he wrote. He established boarding schools and high schools.[6]
Thomas died in Valencia on September 8, 1555 of angina at the age of 67. His remains are preserved at the Cathedral there.[5]
Veneration
He was canonized by Pope Alexander VII on November 1, 1658.[4] His feast day is celebrated on September 22.
Legacy
Thomas is the author of various Tracts, among which is included the Soliloquy between God and the soul, on the topic of communion. Francisco de Quevedo wrote his biography. His complete writings were published in six volumes as Opera omnia, in Manila in 1881.
Thomas is the namesake and patron saint of Villanova University, near Philadelphia in the United States, which was founded and is administered by the friars of his Order, Universidad Católica de Santo Tomás de Villanueva in Havana, Cuba, St. Thomas University in Miami Gardens, Florida, USA and Villanova College, a Catholic school for boys located in Brisbane, Australia. In the Philippines, some of the churches and towns are dedicated in honor of the saint with grand feast or fiesta celebration with lots of food in the table for the guests and visitors: he is the patron saint of the towns of Alimodian and Miag-ao both in Iloilo, and he is also the patron saint of Barangay Santolan in Pasig City, the only barangay in Pasig City and in Metro Manila dedicated to him.
A congregation of sisters is also named after him.[6]
References
- 1 2 3 Dohan, Edward. "St. Thomas of Villanova." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 14. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1912. 20 Jan. 2014
- 1 2 3 "St. Thomas of Villanova", Villanova University
- 1 2 3 "St. Thomas of Villanova", Catholic News Agency
- 1 2 3 Foley O.F.M., Leonard. Saint of the Day, Lives, Lessons, and Feast, Franciscan Media
- 1 2 3 "St. Thomas of Villanova", Midwest Augustinians
- 1 2 "Saint Thomas of Villanova, O.S.A.", Augustinians of the Western United States
- This article draws heavily on the corresponding article in the Spanish-language Wikipedia, which was accessed on 18 March 2006.
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Thomas of Villanova. |
- Life of Thomas of Villanova (Augustinians of the Midwest)
- Sermons of Saint Thomas of Villanueva (in Latin)
| Catholic Church titles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Jorge de Austria |
Archbishop of Valencia 1544–1555 |
Succeeded by Francisco de Navarra |
|