Timothy Leighton

Timothy Leighton

Timothy Leighton in 2014, portrait via the Royal Society
Born Timothy Grant Leighton
(1963-10-16) 16 October 1963[1]
Blackburn, Lancashire
Fields
Institutions
Alma mater University of Cambridge (BA, PhD)
Thesis Image intensifier studies of sonoluminescence, with application to the safe use of medical ultrasound (1988)
Known for The Acoustic Bubble[2][3]
Notable awards
Website
www.southampton.ac.uk/engineering/about/staff/tgl.page

Timothy Grant Leighton FREng[5] FRS (born 16 October 1963)[1][2] is Professor of Ultrasonics and Underwater Acoustics at the University of Southampton.[6][7][8][9][10][11]

Education

Leighton was educated at Heversham Grammar School, Cumbria and Magdalene College, Cambridge where he was awarded a Double First class Bachelor of Arts degree in Natural Sciences with Honours in Physics and Theoretical Physics in 1985. He stayed on to work in the Cavendish Laboratory where he was awarded a PhD in 1988 for Image intensifier studies of sonoluminescence with applications to medical ultrasonography.[1][12]

Career

Following his PhD, Leighton was awarded Senior and Advanced Research Fellowships at Magdalene College, Cambridge and the EPSRC, and the Institut de Machines Hydrauliques et de Mecanique des Fluides at the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne in Switzerland.

Leighton joined the Institute of Sound and Vibration Research (ISVR) at the University of Southampton in 1992 as a Lecturer in Underwater Acoustics, and completed the monograph The Acoustic Bubble[2] in the same year. He was awarded a Personal Chair at the age of 35 and has authored over 400 publications.[7][13][14]

Research

Leighton's research investigates:

“ ... the way sound travels through liquids (and liquid-like materials, such as human tissues, and the atmosphere of Venus). Consequently his research covers: Acoustical Oceanography (how we can measure ocean properties by sound); Biomedical Ultrasonics (how to ensure ultrasound does not change tissue when it should not – e.g. during foetal scanning; and ensuring that it does change tissue in a controlled way when it should – e.g. during tumour therapy); Marine Zoological Acoustics (how sea creatures use and respond to sound); Sonochemistry (how to produce chemical reactions in liquid using ultrasound). He likes to cover a project from the fundamental science through to application in industry, hospitals, or at sea.[13] ”

Although elements of Leighton's research have been funded by the Royal Society, the US Dept of Energy, the Science and Technology Research Council, the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC), the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC),[15] he has self-funded research ideas that cannot attract a sponsor by raising funds through inventions.

Community

Leighton is serving or has served on advisory bodies including:

Inventions

Medical, environmental and humanitarian inventions

From fundamental science publications,[14] Leighton has invented systems for detecting bone disease (including osteoporosis).[18][19][20][20][10][21][22][23] He invented radar for the detection of buried explosives, hidden bugging devices, and for the location of buried catastrophe victims (in avalanches, mudslides, collapsed buildings etc.).[11] He invented the world’s only sonar system capable of detecting objects in bubbly water (key, for example, to protecting services, cargo and aid shipping in conflict zones).[24][25][26] Mine detection is often an ongoing problem long after conflict has reduced and civilians return to former conflict zones. He invented technology used by oil and gas companies to monitor for gas leaks from undersea pipelines.[27][28][29] from pipelines and from methane seeps, by their acoustic emissions[30] He invented systems to assess leakage from Carbon Capture and Storage Facilities, and to assess the amount of methane in the seabed, and leaking from it (in the seabed, there is probably more carbon trapped in methane than there is in all other forms of conventional fossil fuel, yet as a greenhouse gas methane is 20 times more potent per molecule than carbon dioxide, so assessing how much is in the seabed, and how much leaks into the atmosphere, is a key task).[31] He made measurements of key parameters in the transfer of atmospheric gas between atmosphere and ocean.[32][33][34][35] This is important for climate change modelling, because over 1000 million tonnes of atmospheric carbon transfers each year between atmosphere and ocean.(Key collaborator: Paul White[36]).

He invented devices for monitoring the efficiency of kidney stone therapy, an invention that won the 2008 ‘Medical & Healthcare’ award from ‘The Engineer’ (key collaborator: Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust).[37][38][39][40][41][42] His work enabled the manufacture of needle-free injectors for migraine sufferers (over 1 million sold).[37][43][44][45][46] He assisted the Institute of Cancer Research with technology for tumour therapy monitoring (2010).[47] He was a co-author of the World Federation for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology guidelines for foetal ultrasonic scanning.[48] He identified the mass exposure of the public to ultrasound in public spaces, and placed this in the context of inadequate current guidelines for public protection, and inadequate standards for instrumentation and procedures for measuring such exposures and the human response to them.[49] He advises the Health Protection Agency on the safety of ultrasound and provides scientific advice to the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection.

StarStream

StarStream device in 2014

StarStream cleaning technology,[37] which cleans whilst saving up to 80% water and electricity costs, with no additives so that the water can more easily be returned to drinking water, won the Institute of Chemical Engineering Award for “Water Management and Supply”; the Royal Society Brian Mercer Award for Innovation, and the S-lab Product of the Year 2014. Multidisciplinary teams have shown that StarStream is effective at cleaning bone prior to transplant, removing bacterial biofilms, cleaning skin and decontaminating surgical steel of CJD prion.[50][51][52][53][54]

Other inventions

By predicting the soundscapes of other worlds [55][56] and how these could best be exploited using acoustic devices, Leighton developed devices for planetaria to use when teaching about other worlds, and showed how careful calculation was needed to avoid mistakes when using acoustic sensors on other worlds [57][58][59][60] He identified key uses of sound by whales [33][61][62] and dolphins.[11][25][33] He invented sensors for assist safety procedures in the world’s most powerful pulsed spallation neutron source ($1.3 billion) at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory in the US.[58][63][64][65][66]

Outreach

Leighton has contributed to outreach and the encouragement of young men and women to engage, and possibly follow careers in, science and engineering, with school visits, science fairs, and appearances on TV and radio.[8][67]

Awards and honours

Leighton has been awarded the following medals and distinctions:

Medals

The citation of the 2006 Paterson Medal of the Institute of Physics states that:

“ Timothy Leighton’s contribution is outstanding in both breadth and depth. His is an acknowledged world leader in four fields relating to acoustics in liquids: biomedical ultrasonics, acoustical oceanography, cavitation and industrial ultrasonics. He has delivered over 70 pioneering advances, from devices now used in hospitals to the world's first count of bubbles in the surf zone (crucial to our understanding of atmosphere-ocean gas flux, coastal erosion and the optimisation of military sonar). Behind these advances lies rigorous physics.[69] ”

Awards

Fellowships

Leighton was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 2014. His nomination reads:

“ Timothy Leighton is distinguished for his research on the acoustical physics of bubbles, especially their nonlinear behaviour; for his inventions and discoveries including bubble measurements in the surf zone, pipelines and methane seeps; for shock wave lithotripsy monitoring, disease detection in cancellous bone and needle free injection; for sonar systems that overcome bubble masking and numerous industrial applications. His seminal monograph The Acoustic Bubble has become the primary reference on bubble physical acoustics ”

[73]

Leighton was also elected a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering (FREng)[5] in 2012[1] for his services to Engineering and society.[74]

He was also awarded Fellowship of the Institute of Physics (FInstP) in 2000, Fellowship of Institute of Acoustics in 1999, Fellowship of the Acoustical Society of America in 1998, and Fellowship of the Cambridge Philosophical Society in 1988.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 LEIGHTON, Prof. Timothy Grant. Who's Who 2014 (online Oxford University Press ed.). A & C Black, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing plc.
  2. 1 2 3 The Acoustic Bubble. By Timothy G. Leighton Academic Press, 1994. 613 pp. ISBN 0124124984
  3. ↑ Crum, L. A. (1994). "Review of the Accoustic Bubble, by T. G. Leighton". Journal of Sound and Vibration 174 (5): 709–710. doi:10.1006/jsvi.1994.1305.
  4. ↑ Timothy, Leighton. "Professor". royalsociety.org/people. Royal Society. Retrieved 11 November 2014.
  5. 1 2 3 "List of Fellows".
  6. ↑ Leighton, T. G. (2007). "What is ultrasound?". Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology 93 (1–3): 3–83. doi:10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2006.07.026. PMID 17045633.
  7. 1 2 Timothy Leighton's publications indexed by the Scopus bibliographic database, a service provided by Elsevier.
  8. 1 2 Professor Tim Leighton, University of Southampton, 'The Acoustic Bubble' on YouTube
  9. ↑ Leighton, T. G. (1995). "Bubble population phenomena in acoustic cavitation". Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 2 (2): S123. doi:10.1016/1350-4177(95)00021-W.
  10. 1 2 Hughes, E. R.; Leighton, T. G.; Petley, G. W.; White, P. R. (1999). "Ultrasonic propagation in cancellous bone: A new stratified model". Ultrasound in medicine & biology 25 (5): 811–21. doi:10.1016/s0301-5629(99)00034-4. PMID 10414898.
  11. 1 2 3 Leighton, Timothy (2013). "Radar clutter suppression and target discrimination using twin inverted pulses". Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences (Royal Society) 469 (2160): 20130512. Bibcode:2013RSPSA.46930512L. doi:10.1098/rspa.2013.0512.
  12. ↑ Leighton, Timothy Grant (1988). Image intensifier studies of sonoluminescence, with application to the safe use of medical ultrasound (PhD thesis). University of Cambridge.
  13. 1 2 "Professor Timothy Leighton | University of Southampton". southampton.ac.uk. Retrieved 2014-07-25.
  14. 1 2 Published papers. "ISVR, Ultrasonics, underwater acoustics". University of Southampton. Retrieved 2014-08-30.
  15. ↑ UK Government research grants awarded to Timothy Leighton, via Research Councils UK
  16. ↑ Network for Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Prevention (NAMRIP), Universities Strategic Research Group
  17. ↑ Health Effects of Ultrasound in Air (HEFUA)
  18. ↑ Hughes, E. R.; Leighton, T. G.; White, P. R.; Petley, G. W. (2007). "Investigation of an anisotropic tortuosity in a biot model of ultrasonic propagation in cancellous bone". The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 121 (1): 568–74. doi:10.1121/1.2387132. PMID 17297810.
  19. ↑ Lee, K. I.; Hughes, E. R.; Humphrey, V. F.; Leighton, T. G.; Choi, M. J. (2007). "Empirical angle-dependent Biot and MBA models for acoustic anisotropy in cancellous bone". Physics in Medicine and Biology 52 (1): 59–73. doi:10.1088/0031-9155/52/1/005. PMID 17183128.
  20. 1 2 Hughes, E. R.; Leighton, T. G.; Petley, G. W.; White, P. R.; Chivers, R. C. (2003). "Estimation of critical and viscous frequencies for Biot theory in cancellous bone". Ultrasonics 41 (5): 365–8. doi:10.1016/s0041-624x(03)00107-0. PMID 12788218.
  21. ↑ Leighton, T.G, Petley, G.W., White, P.R. and Hughes, E.R. (2002). "A sound diagnosis" (PDF). EPSRC Newsline 21: 18–19.
  22. ↑ Hughes, E.R., Leighton, T.G., Petley, G.W. and White, P.R. ( (2001). "Ultrasonic assessment of bone health". Acoustifc Bulletin 26 (5): 17–23.
  23. ↑ Hughes, E.R., Leighton, T.G., Petley, G.W., White, P.R. (2001). "A review of scattering models for ultrasonic propagation in the trabecular bone" (PDF). ISVR Technical report (293).
  24. ↑ Leighton, T. G.; Chua, G. H.; White, P. R. (2012). "Do dolphins benefit from nonlinear mathematics when processing their sonar returns?". Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 468 (2147): 3517–3532. Bibcode:2012RSPSA.468.3517L. doi:10.1098/rspa.2012.0247.
  25. 1 2 Leighton, T. G.; Finfer, D. C.; Chua, G. H.; White, P. R.; Dix, J. K. (2011). "Clutter suppression and classification using twin inverted pulse sonar in ship wakes". The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 130 (5): 3431–7. doi:10.1121/1.3626131. PMID 22088017.
  26. ↑ Leighton, T. G.; Finfer, D. C.; White, P. R.; Chua, G. - H.; Dix, J. K. (2010). "Clutter suppression and classification using twin inverted pulse sonar (TWIPS)". Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 466 (2124): 3453–3478. Bibcode:2010RSPSA.466.3453L. doi:10.1098/rspa.2010.0154.
  27. ↑ Leighton, T.G. and White, P.R. "Quantification of undersea gas leaks from carbon capture and storage facilities".
  28. ↑ Leighton, T.G. and White, P.R. (2012). "Quantification of undersea gas leaks from carbon capture and storage facilities, from pipelines and from methane seeps, by their acoustic emissions". Proceedings of the Royal Society A 468: 485–510. doi:10.1098/rspa.2011.0221.
  29. ↑ Blackford, J., Stahl, H., Bull, J., Berges, B., Cevatoglu, M., Lichtschlag, A., Connelly, D., James, R., Kita, J., Long, D. , Naylor, M. , Shitashima, K., Smith, D., Taylor, P., Wright, I., Akhurst, M., Chen, B., Gernon, T., Hauton, C., Hayashi, M., Kaieda, H., Leighton, T., Sato, T., Sayer, M., Suzumura, M., Tait, K., Vardy, M., White, P., and Widdicombe, S. (28 September 2014). "Detection and impacts of leakage from sub-seafloor deep geological carbon dioxide storage". Nature Climate Change 4: Published online. doi:10.1038/nclimate2381.
  30. ↑
  31. ↑ Leighton, T. G.; Robb, G. B. N. (2008). "Preliminary mapping of void fractions and sound speeds in gassy marine sediments from subbottom profiles". The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 124 (5): EL313. doi:10.1121/1.2993744. PMID 19045684.
  32. ↑ Leighton, T. G.; Meers, S. D.; White, P. R. (2004). "Propagation through nonlinear time-dependent bubble clouds and the estimation of bubble populations from measured acoustic characteristics". Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 460 (2049): 2521–2550. Bibcode:2004RSPSA.460.2521L. doi:10.1098/rspa.2004.1298.
  33. 1 2 3 Leighton, T.G. (2004). "From seas to surgeries, from babbling brooks to baby scans: The acoustics of gas bubbles in liquids". International Journal of Modern Physics 18 (25): 3267–3314. doi:10.1142/s0217979204026494.
  34. ↑ Brooks, I.M., Yelland, M.J., Upstill-Goddard, R.C., Nightingale, P.D., Archer, S., D'Asaro, E., Beale, R., Beatty, C., Blomquist, B., Bloom, A. A., Brooks, B. J., Cluderay, J., Coles, D., Dacey, J., DeGrandpre, M., Dixon, J., Drennan, W. M., Gabriele, J., Goldson, L., Hardman-Mountford, N., Hill, M. K., Horn, M., Hsueh, P.-C., Huebert, B., de Leeuwuw, G., Leighton, T. G., Liddicicoat, M., Lingard, J. J. N., McNeil, C., McQuaid, J. B., Moat, B. I., Moore, G., Neill, C., Norris, S. J., O-Doherty, S., Pascal, R. W., Prytherch, J., Rebozo, M., Sahlee, E., Salter, M., Schuster, U., Skjelvan, I., Slagter, H., Smith, M. H., Smith, P. D., Srokosz, M., Stephens, J. A., Taylor, P. K., Telszewski, M., Walsh, R., Ward, B., Woolf, D. K., Young, D. and Zemmmmelink, H. (2009). "Physical Exchanges at the Air-Sea Interface: UK-SOLAS Field Measurements". Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 90 (629-664): 629–644. doi:10.1175/2008BAMS2578.1.
  35. ↑ Pascal, R. W.; Yelland, M. J.; Srokosz, M. A.; Moat, B. I.; Waugh, E. M.; Comben, D. H.; Cansdale, A. G.; Hartman, M. C.; Coles, D. G. H.; Chang Hsueh, P.; Leighton, T. G. (2011). "A Spar Buoy for High-Frequency Wave Measurements and Detection of Wave Breaking in the Open Ocean". Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 28 (4): 590–605. doi:10.1175/2010JTECHO764.1.
  36. ↑ Paul, White. "University of Southampton - webpage". www.southampton.ac.uk/engineerin. Retrieved 26 September 2014.
  37. 1 2 3 Leighton, T. G. (2011). "Innovation to Impact in a Time of Recession". Journal of Computational Acoustics 19: 1–25. doi:10.1142/S0218396X11004298.
  38. ↑ Leighton, T. G.; Turangan, C. K.; Jamaluddin, A. R.; Ball, G. J.; White, P. R. (2012). "Prediction of far-field acoustic emissions from cavitation clouds during shock wave lithotripsy for development of a clinical device". Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 469 (2150): 20120538. doi:10.1098/rspa.2012.0538.
  39. ↑ Leighton, T. G.; Fedele, F; Coleman, A. J.; McCarthy, C; Ryves, S; Hurrell, A. M.; De Stefano, A; White, P. R. (2008). "A passive acoustic device for real-time monitoring of the efficacy of shockwave lithotripsy treatment". Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology 34 (10): 1651–65. doi:10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2008.03.011. PMID 18562085.
  40. ↑ Jamaluddin, A.R., Ball, G.J., Turangan, C.K. and Leighton, T.G. ( (2011). "The collapse of single bubbles and calculations of the far-field acoustic emissions for cavitation induced by shock wave lithotripsy" (PDF). Journal of Fluid Mechanics 677: 305–341. doi:10.1017/jfm.2011.85.
  41. ↑ Turangan, C.K., Jamaluddin, A.R., Ball, G.J. and Leighton, T.G. (2008). "Free-Lagrange simulations of the expansion and jetting collapse of air bubbles in water". Journal of Fluid Mechanics 598: 1–25. doi:10.1017/s0022112007009317.
  42. ↑ Leighton, T.G., Fedele, F., Coleman, A., McCarthy, C., Jamaluddin, A.R., Turangan, C.K., Ball, G., Ryves, S., Hurrell, A., De Stefano, A. and White, P.R. (2008). "The development of a passive acoustic device for monitoring the effectiveness of shockwave lithotripsy in real time" (PDF). Hydroacoustics 11: 159–180.
  43. ↑ Leighton, T. G.; Cox, B. T.; Phelps, A. D. (2000). "The Rayleigh-like collapse of a conical bubble". The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 107 (1): 130–42. doi:10.1121/1.428296. PMID 10641626.
  44. ↑ Leighton, T.G., Phelps, A.D., Cox, B.T. and Ho, W.L. (1998). "Theory and preliminary measurements of the Rayleigh-like collapse of a conical bubble". Acustica with Acta Acustica 84 (6): 1014–1024.
  45. ↑ Leighton, T. G.; Ho, W. L.; Flaxman, R. (1997). "Sonoluminescence from the unstable collapse of a conical bubble". Ultrasonics 35 (5): 399–405. doi:10.1016/S0041-624X(97)00014-0.
  46. ↑ Leighton, T.G., Cox, B.T., Birkin, P.R. and Bayliss, T. (1999) [Forum Acusticum 99, integrating the 25th German Acoustics DAGA Conference]. "The Rayleigh-like collapse of a conical bubble: Measurements of meniscus, liquid pressure, and electrochemistry". Proceedings of the 137th Meeting of the Acoustical Society of America and the 2nd Convention of the European Acoustics Association. Berlin, Paper 3APAB_1, 4pp.
  47. ↑ McLaughlan, J., Rivens, I., Leighton, T.G. and ter Haar, G. (2010). "A study of bubble activity generated in ex-vivo tissue by high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU)" (PDF). Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology 36 (8): 1327–1344. doi:10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2010.05.011.
  48. ↑ Barnett, S., Ziskin, M., Maeda, K., Nyborg, W., ter Harr, G., Rott ,H-D., Bang, J., Carstensen, E., Delius, M., Duck, F., Edmonds, P., Frizzell, F., Hogaki, M., Ide, M., Leighton, T., Mille, D., Preston, R., Stratmeyer, M., Takeuchi, H., Takeuchi, Y., Williams, R. (1998). "World Federation for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology, Task Group Report for Safety Committee of the WFUMB: Conclusions and recommendations on thermal and non-thermal mechanisms for biological effects of ultrasound" (PDF). Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology. 24 Supplement 1: 1–59.
  49. ↑ Leighton, Timothy (2016). "Are some people suffering as a result of increasing mass exposure of the public to ultrasound in air?" (PDF). Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences (Royal Society) 472 (2185): 20150624. doi:10.1098/rspa.2015.0624.
  50. ↑ Leighton, T.G. (2016). "The acoustic bubble: Oceanic bubble acoustics and ultrasonic cleaning". POMA 24: 070006. doi:10.1121/2.0000121.
  51. ↑ Howlin R.P., Fabbri S.,Offin D.G., Symonds N., Kiang K.S., Knee R.J., Yoganantham D.C., Webb J.S., Birkin P.R., Leighton T.G., Stoodley P. (2015). "Removal of dental biofilms with a novel ultrasonically-activated water stream". Journal of Dental Research 94 (9): 1303–1309. doi:10.1177/0022034515589284(electronic supplement at url: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/377535/).
  52. ↑ Birkin P.R., Offin D.G., Vian C.J.B., Howlin R.P., Dawson J.I., Secker T.J., Herve R.C., Stoodley P., Oreffo R.O.C., Keevil C.W. and Leighton T.G. (2015). "Cold water cleaning of brain proteins, biofilm and bone - harnessing an ultrasonically activated stream". Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 17: 20574–20579. doi:10.1039/C5CP02406D.
  53. ↑ Birkin, P.R., Offin, D.G., and Leighton, T.G. (2016). "An activated fluid stream - new techniques for cold water cleaning". Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 29: 612–618. doi:10.1016/j.ultsonch.2015.10.001.
  54. ↑ Birkin, P.R., Offin, D.G., Vian, C.J.B. and Leighton, T.G. (2015). "Electrochemical "bubble swarm" enhancement of ultrasonic surface cleaning". Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 17 (33): 21709–21715. doi:10.1039/c5cp02933c. PMID 26234563.
  55. ↑ Leighton, T.G. and White, P.R. (2004). "The Sound of Titan: A role for acoustics in space exploration,". Acoustics Bulletin 29 (4): 16–23.
  56. ↑ Leighton, T.G., White, P.R. and Finfer, D.C. (2012). "The opportunities and challenges in the use of extra-terrestrial acoustics in the exploration of the oceans of icy planetary bodies". Earth Moon and Planets 109 (1-4): 99–116. doi:10.1007/s11038-012-9399-6.
  57. ↑ Leighton, T.G., Finfer, D.C. and White, P.R. (2008). "The problems with acoustics on a small planet". Icarus 193 (2): 649–652. Bibcode:2008Icar..193..649L. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2007.10.008.
  58. 1 2 Jiang, J; Baik, K; Leighton, T.G. (2011). "Acoustic attenuation, phase and group velocities in liquid-filled pipes II: Simulation for Spallation Neutron Sources and planetary exploration". The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 130 (2): 695–706. doi:10.1121/1.3598463. PMID 21877784.
  59. ↑ Leighton, T.G. (2009). "Fluid loading effects for acoustical sensors in the atmospheres of Mars, Venus, Titan, and Jupiter". The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 125 (5): EL214–9. doi:10.1121/1.3104628. PMID 19425625.
  60. ↑ Ainslie, M. A.; Leighton, T. G. (2009). "Near resonant bubble acoustic cross-section corrections, including examples from oceanography, volcanology, and biomedical ultrasound". The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 126 (5): 2163–75. doi:10.1121/1.3180130. PMID 19894796.
  61. ↑ Leighton, T.G., Finfer, D., Grover, E. and White, P.R. (2007). "An acoustical hypothesis for the spiral bubble nets of humpback whales and the implications for whale feeding". Acoustics Bulletin 22 (1): 17–21.
  62. ↑ Leighton, T.G., Richards, S.D. and White, P.R. (2004). "Trapped within a 'wall of sound': A possible mechanism for the bubble nets of the humpback whales". Acoustics Bulletin 29 (1): 24–29.
  63. ↑ Baik, K.; Jiang, J.; Leighton, T. G. (2013). "Acoustic attenuation, phase and group velocities in liquid-filled pipes III: Nonaxisymmetric propagation and circumferential modes in lossless conditions". The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 133 (3): 1225–36. doi:10.1121/1.4773863. PMID 23463995.
  64. ↑ Leighton, T. G.; Baik, K.; Jiang, J. (2012). "The use of acoustic inversion to estimate the bubble size distribution in pipelines". Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 468 (2145): 2461–2484. Bibcode:2012RSPSA.468.2461L. doi:10.1098/rspa.2012.0053.
  65. ↑ Leighton, T. G.; Jiang, J.; Baik, K. (2012). "Demonstration comparing sound wave attenuation inside pipes containing bubbly water and water droplet fog". The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 131 (3): 2413–21. doi:10.1121/1.3676732. PMID 22423788.
  66. ↑ Leighton, T.G., Jiang, J. and Baik, K (2011). "A TV demonstration of sound absorption connecting the space shuttle to submarines,". Acoustics Bulletin 36 (4): 35–40.
  67. ↑ Leighton, Timothy. "Home Page soton uni". Retrieved 25 August 2014.
  68. ↑ "Prestigious acoustics medal for Southampton Professor". Retrieved 26 September 2014.
  69. 1 2 Prestigious physics prize for Southampton professor, University of Southampton
  70. ↑ "Southampton ‘StarStream’ cleaning technology wins prestigious award". University of southampton, chemistry. Retrieved 26 September 2014.
  71. ↑ "Ultrasonic device which enhances water’s ability to clean wins ‘Product of the Year’". Retrieved 26 September 2014.
  72. ↑ "StarStream Part 1 Royal Society premier award for innovation for cold water cleaning invention". Retrieved 26 September 2014.
  73. ↑ Timothy, Leighton. "Professor". royalsociety.org. Retrieved 11 November 2014.
  74. ↑ Univ. of South Hampton (20 July 2012). "Major honor for Professor Leighton".
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