Timeline of the 2011–12 Saudi Arabian protests (January–June 2012)

Timeline of the 2011–12 Saudi Arabian protests (January–June 2012)
Part of the Arab Spring
Date 11 March 2011 – 24 December 2012
(1 year, 11 months and 3 days)
Location Saudi Arabia
24°39′00″N 46°46′01″E / 24.65°N 46.767°E / 24.65; 46.767Coordinates: 24°39′00″N 46°46′01″E / 24.65°N 46.767°E / 24.65; 46.767
Causes

Goals

Methods

Concessions
given

Parties to the civil conflict
Lead figures

Saudi Arabia Human Rights Defenders

Saudi Arabia Independent Opposition leaders

Saudi Arabia King Abdullah
King of Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia Prince Salman
Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia Prince Nayef
Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia (until June 2012)

Saudi Arabia Prince Muhammad
Interior Minister
Number
Protesters:Thousands[28][29]
Online campaign:26,000[30]
Casualties
Deaths:17 identified
Injuries:100+[31]
Arrests: Riyadh: 50;[32][33][34] East Province: 145[17]
Deaths:1 identified

The following is a timeline of the 2011–2012 Saudi Arabian protests from January to June 2012. The 2011–2012 Saudi Arabian protests are a series of ongoing protests taking place in Saudi Arabia, which began in January 2011, influenced by concurrent protests in the region.

A protest for labour rights took place in Riyadh on 14 January[35] and a sit-in calling for the Syrian Ambassador to be expelled occurred on 5 February in Jeddah.[36]

Protests in the Qatif region continued from January to May,[37] with security forces using live fire against protestors,[38][39][40] killing four, and arresting medical personnel.[41] Security forces shot dead Issam Mohamed Abu Abdallah in al-Awamiyah on 12[42] or 13 January,[43] Montazar Sa'eed al-Abdel in al-Awamiyah on 26 January,[44] and Munir al-Midani[39][45] and Zuhair al-Said[46][47] on 9 and 10 February. In the 70,000 strong funeral for Abdallah on 16 January in al-Awamiyah and the daily Qatif region protests that followed, protestors chanted slogans against the House of Saud and Minister of Interior, Nayef, Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia.[48][49][50] In mid-February, two medical personnel were arrested for having clandestinely treated injured protestors.[41] In a 10 February protest and a 13 February funeral, an effigy of Nayef was thrown at tanks and participants described Nayef as a "terrorist", "criminal" and "butcher".[51] Police described two of the fatal shootings as responses to unidentified gunmen who had shot first.[46][52]

Manal al-Sharif and Samar Badawi, active in the women to drive movement, announced that they had filed lawsuits against Saudi authorities in the Grievances Board, a non-Sharia court,[53] because of the rejection of their driving licence applications.[54] As of the end of June 2012, 100 Saudi women had started driving regularly since the June 2011 campaign launch.[55] Women university students protested in King Khalid University in Abha in March[56] and were attacked by security forces, leading to one death.[57][58] Other university protests followed in Taibah University in Medina[59] and Tabuk University in March and April.[60][61]

January 2012

early January

On 6 January 2012, about two hundred people protested in Qatif against the Saudi government and in support of Bahrainis.[62] On 10 January, police fired lived bullets at a Qatif protest calling for the release of political prisoners.[38][63]

12–13 January

Late on 12 January[42] or at dawn on 13 January,[43] during demonstrations calling for the "release of political detainees, reform and an end to sectarian discrimination",[42] Issam Mohamed Abu Abdallah was shot dead by security forces in al-Awamiyah after demonstrators threw stones at them according to Al Jazeera English and BBC News. The Saudi Ministry of Interior said that a security vehicle had been attacked by petrol bombs and caught fire, and that while dealing with the fire, security forces were shot at and responded. Amnesty International called for an independent investigation into the killing.[42][43] Amnesty International said that the killing of four protestors by Saudi security forces in November 2011 had not been investigated despite promises by the authorities.[64]

Hundreds of people protested on 13 January in response to the killing of Issam Mohamed Abu Abdallah. Videos of the protests were distributed on Facebook, showing protestors chanting, "We will not forget you, o martyrs."[65]

14 January

On 14 January, protests calling for labour rights and opposing corruption took place in Riyadh in front of the ministries of health and employment.[35] One Saudi security force member was wounded by unknown gunmen on 14 January in the Qatif region.[66] The Guardian suggested that this could have been related to protestors using violence because of the apparent ineffectiveness of peaceful protests, but that it was "not clear" that the shooting was related to the political protests.[27] Saudi attributed the shooting to protestors on 24 January.[67]

16–22 January

On 16 January, 70,000 mourners accompanied Issam Mohamed Abu Abdallah's body in a funeral procession in al-Amawiyah. Mourners chanted slogans against the House of Saud and against late Minister of Interior, Nayef, Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia, including "Down with Al Saud", "Down with Nayef" and "Nayef, you are responsible of killing the martyr".[48] On the same day, al-Awamiyah residents started signing a petition calling for an independent investigation into the protestor deaths,[27] gathering 760 signatures by 23 January.[68]

On 17 January, thousands protested in Qatif against the killing.[69] On 18 January 40 people protested on Tarut Island and in Saihat to honour those killed and in support of prisoners. They chanted slogans against the House of Saud.[49] In protests in the Qatif region on 19 January, slogans were critical of the House of Saud and the Minister of Interior.[50]

Two Saudi security force members were wounded by unknown gunmen on 18[67] or 20 January.[66] This was later attributed by Saudi authorities to street protestors.[67][70]

In Friday prayers on 20 January, Sheikh Nimr al-Nimr, the prayer leader in al-Awamiyah, criticised the authorities' arrests and shootings of anti-government protestors, called on the government to "stop bloodshed", and predicted the overthrow of the government if the crackdown were to continue.[71]

23–27 January

On 23 January, The Guardian referred to the al-Amawiyah protestors as "[seeming] to have started an uprising", and that activists have dubbed the uprising as the "Intifada of dignity".[27] Police arrested social activist Zaher al-Zaher in al-Awamiyah.[70]

On 24 January, security forces used live ammunition against protestors in Qatif, wounding several, some of whom were in critical condition,[70] and arresting nine.[72] Saudi authorities accused the arrestees of "instigating riots",[72] of anti-government protests and of the 14 and 18 January wounding of three security force members by firearms.[70]

In a demonstration on Tarut Island on 25 January, protestors chanted "Nayef, you are responsible for the killing of protestors", in reference to Minister of Interior Nayef.[73]

Security forces attacked protestors in al-Awamiyah on 26 January, wounding two people and killing Montazar Sa'eed al-Abdel.[44]

On 27 January, a protest in Qatif called for the immediate withdrawal of the Peninsula Shield Force from Bahrain.[74]

February

Early February

A protest criticising the Minister of Interior and the killings of protestors and opposing economic and religious discrimination took place in al-Awamiyah on 1 February,[75] the Hijri anniversary (in 2012) of the death of Imam Hasan al-Askari, one of Muhammad's followers.[76] A call for the protest started on Facebook two days earlier. The protestors marched from Kerbala Square to al-Karama Square, where security forces threatened marchers using motor vehicles and by firing gunshots in the air.[76]

On 3 February, a demonstration took place in Qatif calling for Shia minority rights[77] and for security forces responsible for shooting protestors to be prosecuted.[78]

On 5 February 2012, a sit-in by Hamza Kashgari and colleagues took place at Nawras Circle in Jeddah, calling for the Syrian Ambassador in Riyadh to be expelled in relation to the 2011–2012 Syrian uprising. Kashgari was briefly detained by police.[36]

On 7 February, security forces attempted to arrest Abdullah al-Sureih, who had made a speech at the 3 February Qatif demonstration, at his home. The arrest attempt was blocked by al-Sureih's supporters.[77]

Manal al-Sharif and Samar Badawi, active in the women to drive movement, announced that they had filed lawsuits against Saudi authorities in the Grievances Board, a non-Sharia court,[53] for the rejection of their driving licence applications.[54]

Towards the end of a peaceful march in Qatif on 9 February calling for reforms, security forces used live fire against protestors, killing Muneer al-Midani (Arabic: منير الميداني‎) by a shot to the heart and wounding 6–14 other protestors.[39][45] Security forces surrounded the central Qatif hospital and the Mushfi general hospital in order to transfer the injured to a military hospital.[45] A police spokesperson said that the security forces shot at "a group of unidentified gunmen who had shot at security forces patrolling the area". The spokesperson said that one man died from the security forces' shots, that three were wounded, and that the wounded were taken to a local hospital.[52]

On 10 February, the Friday Prayers leader in al-Awamiyah called for the Saudi monarchy to be abolished.[79] A march for Mawlid took place in which participants called for reform and for the release of prisoners.[79] A protestor threw an effigy of Minister of Interior Nayef at a "row of armoured anti-riot tanks".[51] Security forces shot dead Zuhair al-Said[46] (or Zaheer Abdullah Saeed,[79] Arabic: زهير السعيد‎[47]). A police spokesperson stated, "While security men were following up on an illegal gathering in the town of al-Awamiya in Qatif on Friday [10 February] they were attacked by gunfire. They dealt with the situation by firing back, which resulted with the death of one."[46]

Eastern Province activists declared 11 February to be a day of mourning. Demonstrations calling for "regime change" took place in Qatif, al-Awamiyah and Safwa and schools and shops were closed.[79] At a funeral for Zuhair on 13 February, participants chanted, "No Sunna, No Shia, but Islamic unity! We're not afraid, down with Nayef! You're the terrorist, you're the criminal, you're the butcher, ya Nayef! We will never rest, country of oppressors! Son of Saud [royal family], hear the voice! We will never give up 'til death!"[51]

Mid-February

On or before 15 February, security forces arrested a Syrian doctor, Abdul Kareem al-Na'eem, in an al-Awamiyah medical centre, and a male nurse, Abdul Aziz al-Mohsen, in al-Qudaih, on the grounds that they had treated protestors injured during political protests without registering the protestors' names.[41]

On 16 February, women made a sit-in in Safwa protesting against injustice and discrimination and appealing for international attention. Security forces arrested some young men in Safwa.[80] On 17 February, hundreds of people marched in Qatif to symbolise the anniversary of their protests and chanted slogans against Eastern Province Governor Muhammad bin Fahd and the Bahraini government.[80]

Late February

Protests continued in Qatif, Saihat and Tarut Island on 22 February,[81] in Qatif and al-Awamiyah on 23 February,[82] and in Qatif and Tarut Island on 24 February.[83] Security forces shot live bullets against protestors in the 24 February Qatif protest after the latter chanted slogans opposing the government and calling for the "downfall" of the House of Saud. Three people were injured by the bullets.[83]

March

Early March

According to Press TV, an explosion on 1 March destroyed a petroleum pipeline in al-Awamiyah that leads to a major pipeline running from Abqaiq to Ras Tanura.[84] Ministry of Interior spokesperson Mansour al-Turki stated, "There were no acts of sabotage in the kingdom [on 1 March]."[85] FXstreet[86] quoted part of a report on the event by "The Arab Digest".[87] The Arab Digest report linked the would-be fire to the 2011–2012 Saudi Arabian protests, claimed that the fire occurred between al-Awamiyah and Safwa, and hyperlinked to blog photos of the would-be fire.[87]

An anti-government protest took place in al-Rabeeya on 2 March.[88]

On 6 March, women students at King Khalid University in Abha, 'Asir Province, protested against "injustice and inequality," "discrimination and mistreatment" by university security staff,[89] and "allowing the campus to deteriorate [and] ongoing corruption in the country".[56] The protest was continued by 1000 women on 7 March. Security forces attacked the students[89] "with batons, fire extinguishers, and water hoses", injuring 50[56] and leading to the death[57] of Hajer al-Yazidi.[58] The security forces' actions were criticised on social networking services including Twitter. A King Khalid University statement described the events, stating, "The situation evolved and chaos spread along with damage to public property and the use of fire extinguishers and water hoses against the other female students. Some lost consciousness and had to be taken away for medical assistance, and the university and the relevant authorities took the necessary security measures, until the complex was completely evacuated. The university will explore all the factors that led to the situation and deal with them, in the interest of public safety".[56]

On 10 March, women at King Khalid University carried out a sit-in and men at the university carried out another protest, both calling for Abdullah al-Rashid, the head of King Khalid University,[90] to resign or be dismissed. Governor Faisal bin Khalid of 'Asir Province ordered an investigation to "consider the demands of the students"[91] and said that the students' demands would be passed on to King Abdullah.[92] Deputy Governor of 'Asir Province, Abdel Karim al-Hunaini, stated that the students had the right to protest.[91]

Mid-March

Following the King Khalid University protests in Abha, protests took place in Riyadh, al-Namas, Arar, Qatif and al-Rabeeya. A student criticised university conditions at a public meeting with the head of Taibah University in Medina and was expelled as a result.[59] The Arab Network for Human Rights Information claimed that there was a "[protest] movement [spreading] at the universities level".[59]

The Saudi Civil and Political Rights Association (ACPRA) organised 38 people who planned a hunger strike on 15–16 March to call for ACPRA co-founder Mohammed Saleh al-Bejadi to be released from prison.[93][94]

April

On 8 April, first-year women students at Tabuk University protested against faculty behaviour and nepotism, called for better services and assessment, the right to use mobile telephones and the opening of a dental clinic, and called for some expatriate faculty to be replaced by Saudis.[60][61]

On 10 April, Mohammed Saleh al-Bejadi, co-founder of the Saudi Civil and Political Rights Association (ACPRA), was sentenced to four years' imprisonment and a five-year ban on foreign travel for "unlawfully establishing a human rights organisation; distorting the state's reputation in media; impugning judicial independence; instigating relatives of political detainees to demonstrate and protest; and possessing censored books".[95]

Protests against the House of Saud and calling for prisoner release were held in towns in the Qatif region on 12 and 13 April[40] and again on 20[96] and 27 April.[97] Security forces shot at participants of the 12 April protests.[40]

May

Protests in the Qatif region calling for police accountability for the killing of protestors, against the Peninsula Shield Force's presence in Bahrain and against the beating of two women by security forces took place on 4 May,[98] 9 May[99] and 18 May.[37]

In mid-May, Kamel Abbas al-Ahmed, the brother of the founder and director of the Institute for Gulf Affairs, Ali Abbas al-Ahmed, was arrested. The Arabic Network for Human Rights Information (ANHRI) believed that Kamel al-Ahmed was arrested for his political activities in opposition to discrimination against Shia and for his brother's activities as an expatriate Saudi dissident.[100]

June

About 20 people protested in the Sahara mall in Riyadh on the evening of 6 June, calling for uncharged prisoners to be released. They called out "release the distressed" and "freedom".[101][102] A blogger published videos of the protest.[101][103]

On 29 June, to celebrate the anniversary of the June 2011 women's driving campaign launch, a member of the My Right to Dignity women's rights campaign[104] drove her car in Riyadh. She stated that she had driven about 30–40 times in 2011 and that about 100 Saudi women had driven regularly since June 2011.[55]

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  90. 1 2 Ghanem, Sharifa (11 March 2012). "Saudi Arabia: violence marks student demonstration". Bikya Masr. Archived from the original on 2 March 2012. Retrieved 2012-03-02.
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  98. ↑ "Saudi protesters hold fresh anti-regime demo in Qatif". Press TV. 9 May 2012. Archived from the original on 10 May 2012. Retrieved 2012-05-11.
  99. ↑ "Saudi Arabia: Activist detained for supporting religious freedom". ANHRI. 17 May 2012. Archived from the original on 10 July 2012. Retrieved 2012-07-10.
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  101. ↑ "Saudi demo in Riyadh demands release of political prisoners". Press TV. 7 June 2012. Archived from the original on 10 July 2012. Retrieved 2012-07-10. |first1= missing |last1= in Authors list (help)
  102. ↑ Jeans, Saudi (6 June 2012). "Protest to Release Detainees in Riyadh Mall". Archived from the original on 10 July 2012. Retrieved 2012-07-10.
  103. ↑ "My Right to Dignity". My Right to Dignity. 2012. Archived from the original on 13 July 2012. Retrieved 2012-07-13.
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