Timeline of London
The following is a timeline of the history of London, England, United Kingdom.
- This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.
Prehistory
- 4000 BC – Mesolithic timber structure on the Thames foreshore, south of Vauxhall Bridge.[1]
- 1500 BC – Bronze Age bridge from the foreshore north of Vauxhall Bridge. This bridge either crossed the Thames, or went to a now lost island in the river.[2]
Early history to 11th century
Main articles: Roman London and Anglo-Saxon London
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- 43 AD – Settlement named Londinium.[3]
- 50 - London bridge is constructed out of wood
- 60 – Londinium sacked by forces of Boudica.[3]
- 490 – Saxons in power.[3]
- 650 – Market active.[4]
- 851 – Town besieged by Vikings.[5]
- 886
- Alfred the Great in power.[3]
- London Mint established.
11th–15th centuries
Main article: Norman and Medieval London
- 1066
- 25 December: William the Conqueror crowned King of England at Westminster Abbey.[6]
- Tower of London established.[7]
- 1067 – City of London chartered.[8]
- 1078 – White Tower built.[8]
- 1087 – Fire.[9]
- 1099 – Westminster Hall built.[9]
- 1123 – St Bartholomew's Hospital,[8] St Bartholomew-the-Great priory, and Smithfield meat market[10] established.
- 1136 – Fire.[11]
- 1147 – St Katharine's by the Tower church/hospital founded.
- 1155 – Weaver's Company chartered.[8]
- 1185 – Temple Church consecrated.
- 1189
- Henry Fitz-Ailwin de Londonestone becomes first mayor of London.[11]
- Fair active.[4]
- 1209 – London Bridge rebuilt.[12]
- 1241 – White Friars' monastery founded.[13]
- 1245 – Savoy Palace built.[13]
- 1253 – Austin Friars monastery founded.[13]
- 1265 - Covent Garden market established.[10]
- 1272 – Fishmongers Company chartered.
- 1295 – Southwark (UK Parliament constituency) established.[14]
- 1298 – City of London (UK Parliament constituency) established.
- 1304 – Recorder of London appointed.[13]
- 1307 – The Tabard inn established in Southwark.
- 1322 – Armourers' Guild instituted.[15]
- 1327 – Goldsmiths' Company incorporated.[16]
- 1329 – Marshalsea prison in operation in Southwark (approximate date).
- 1344 – Clifford's Inn founded.
- 1345 – Durham House built in Westminster (approximate date).
- 1348 – Black Death.[11]
- 1381 – Peasants' Revolt.[17]
- 1394 – Mercers Company incorporated.
- 1397 – Richard Whittington becomes mayor.[8]
- 1403 – Stationers' Company formed.
- 1407
- Company of Merchant Adventurers of London chartered.
- Plague.[11]
- 1415 – Moorgate rebuilt (approximate date).
- 1416 – Guildhall rebuilt.[11]
- 1442 – City of London School established.
- 1448 – Haberdashers Company chartered.
- 1450 – July: War tax rebellion.[17]
- 1455 – 22 May: Battle of St Albans occurs near London.[17]
- 1461 – Barbers Company incorporated.[18]
- 1466 – Crosby Hall built.
- 1474 – Pewterers Company incorporated.[18]
- 1476 – Caxton sets up printing press.[19]
- 1477 – Carpenters Company chartered.[15]
- 1478 - Chaucer's Canterbury Tales published by Caxton of Westminster.
- 1486 – Bakers' Company chartered.[15]
16th century
Main article: Tudor London
- 1504 – St. John's Gate built.[20]
- 1512 – Savoy Hospital opens.
- 1517 – Evil May Day unrest occurs at St Paul's Cross.
- 1532 – St Andrew Undershaft church built.[20]
- 1536
- 19 May: Anne Boleyn executed at the Tower of London.[21]
- St James's Palace built in Westminster.
- 1538 – Monasteries dissolved.[8]
- 1543 – Wyngaerde's panorama of London engraved (approximate date).
- 1545
- Westminster (UK Parliament constituency) established.[14]
- St Giles-without-Cripplegate church rebuilt.[20]
- 1547 – Coronation of Edward VI of England.[8]
- 1552 – Christ's Hospital (school) established.[16]
- 1554 – Wyatt's rebellion.[21]
- 1556 - Bridewell Prison begins operating.[22]
- 1557 – Stationers' Company chartered.[23]
- 1558 – Salters Company incorporated.[24]
- 1559 – Custom House built.[25]
- 1560 – Westminster School re-established.[26]
- 1561 – Merchant Taylor's School founded.[19]
- 1571
- 23 January: Royal Exchange opens.[21]
- Worshipful Company of Blacksmiths chartered.[15]
- 1577 – Curtain Theatre opens in Shoreditch.[27]
- 1579 – Nonsuch House built on London Bridge.
- 1581 – Waterwheel installed at London Bridge.[8]
- 1586 - College of Antiquaries (society) formed.[28]
- 1598
- Stow's Survey of London published.[8]
- The Swan (theatre) built in Southwark.[27]
- 1599 – Globe Theatre opens in Southwark.
17th century
Main article: Stuart London
- 1600 – East India Company founded.[8]
- 1604 – Entry of James VI and I to London[29]
- 1605 – Worshipful Company of Gardeners and Worshipful Company of Butchers chartered.[15]
- 1611 – Hicks Hall built.[30]
- 1613 – Hope Theatre built in Southwark.[27]
- 1615 – Clerkenwell Bridewell (prison) in operation (approximate date).
- 1616 – Visscher's panorama engraving of London published.
- 1617
- Worshipful Society of Apothecaries incorporated.[18]
- New Prison in operation (approximate date).
- Aldersgate rebuilt.
- 1618 – Company of Adventurers of London Trading to the Ports of Africa established.
- 1621 – Corante newspaper in publication.[31]
- 1622
- Banqueting House built in Westminster.
- Weekley Newes begins publication.[31]
- 1623 – Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies published by Jaggard and Blount.
- 1625 – Queen's Chapel built in Westminster.
- 1626 – 2 February: Coronation of Charles I of England.[6]
- 1629 – Worshipful Company of Spectacle Makers founded.
- 1631
- St Katharine Cree church built.[20]
- Population: 130,163 residents.
- 1636 – Goldsmith's Hall rebuilt.
- 1637 – Hyde Park opens in Westminster.
- 1640 – 11 December: Root and Branch petition presented to Parliament.
- 1647 – Hollar's Long View of London from Bankside engraved.
- 1649 – 30 January: Charles I of England executed in Whitehall.[32]
- 1652 – Coffee house in business near Cornhill.[8]
- 1656 – Lisle's Tennis Court built.
- 1660
- Vauxhall Gardens open (approximate date).
- Royal Society founded.[19]
- Pepys begins writing his diary.[33]
- 1661
- April: Coronation of Charles II of England.[34]
- Lincoln’s Inn Fields Playhouse opens.
- Pall Mall laid out in Westminster.
- 1662 – Streets, London and Westminster Act 1662 created.
- 1663 – Theatre Royal, Drury Lane opens.[35]
- 1665
- Great Plague of London.[11]
- Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society begins publication.[23]
- Grecian Coffee House in business.
- 1666 – 2–6 September: Great Fire of London.[11]
- 1668 – Carmen's Company established.[15]
- 1670 – Apothecaries' Hall[20] and Brewers Hall[20] built.
- 1671
- Dorset Garden Theatre opens.[36]
- Merchant Taylors' Hall rebuilt.[20]
- 1672 – Ludgate, Moorgate, and Newgate rebuilt.
- 1673
- Temple Bar gate rebuilt.[8]
- Apothecaries' Garden laid out in Chelsea.[24]
- 1674
- Theatre Royal, Drury Lane opens.[35]
- Court house rebuilt.
- Worshipful Company of Farriers chartered.
- 1676 – Exeter Exchange and St Magnus-the-Martyr church[20] built.
- 1677
- Monument to the Great Fire of London erected.[8]
- The George Inn, Southwark rebuilt.
- 1680
- London Penny Post mail service begins.
- York Buildings,[36] St Lawrence Jewry church,[20] and St Bride's Church[20] built.
- Jonathan's Coffee-House in business (approximate date).
- 1682 – Hungerford Market built in Westminster.
- 1683 – St Benet's, Paul's Wharf (church)[20] and St James Garlickhythe church[20] built.
- 1684
- River Thames frost fair begins.[8]
- 10 Downing Street built in Westminster.
- 1686 – St Andrew's, Holborn church[20] and St Clement's, Eastcheap church[20] built.
- 1687 – Christ Church, Newgate Street built.[20]
- 1688
- Lloyd's Coffee House in business.[8]
- Lloyd's of London insurance market active (approximate date).
- 1689 – 11 April: Coronation of William and Mary.[6]
- 1690 – St Edmund, King and Martyr church built.[20]
- 1693
- White's Chocolate House in business in Westminster.
- Ladies' Mercury magazine begins publication.[31]
- 1694
- Bank of England established.[8]
- All Hallows Lombard Street church built.[20]
- Premiere of Southerne's play The Fatal Marriage.[35]
- 1695
- Flying-Post newspaper begins publication.[23]
- Premiere of Purcell's opera The Indian Queen.[36]
- 1696
- Queenhithe windmill built.
- Dawk's News-Letter (evening newspaper) begins publication.[31]
- 1697 – St Paul's Cathedral consecrated.
18th century
Main article: 18th-century London
- 1700 – Kit-Cat Club established (approximate date).[37]
- 1701
- Bevis Marks Synagogue built.[8]
- Illustrated magazine Memoirs for the Curious begins publication.[31]
- 1702 – 23 April: Coronation of Anne, Queen of Great Britain.[6]
- 1703 – Buckingham House built in Westminster.
- 1705 – Queen's Theatre established.[35]
- 1707 – Fortnum & Mason in business in Westminster.
- 1709
- Tatler and Female Tatler[31] magazines begin publication.
- Worshipful Company of Fan Makers incorporated.
- 1710
- Commission for Building Fifty New Churches set up.
- Sun Fire Office (insurance firm) in business.[24]
- 1711
- The Spectator begins publication.
- Premiere of Handel's opera Rinaldo.[38]
- Crown Court Church established in Westminster.
- 1713 – Hanover Square development begins.
- 1715 – Custom House rebuilt (approximate date).
- 1719 – Hellfire Club and Hand in Hand Fire & Life Insurance Society[39] founded.
- 1720 – Royal Exchange Assurance Corporation founded.[40]
- 1721 – Grosvenor Square development begins in Westminster.
- 1722 – Bakers Hall built.[20]
- 1724
- St Martin-in-the-Fields church built in Westminster.
- 16 November: Outlaw Jack Sheppard hanged in Tyburn.
- 1725 – Church of St George's, Hanover Square built.
- 1726
- East India House built.[16]
- Academy of Ancient Music founded.
- 1727 – 11 October: Coronation of George II of Great Britain.[6]
- 1728 – 29 January: Premiere of Gay's Beggar's Opera.
- 1729 – Christ Church Spitalfields[19] and St Botolph-without-Bishopsgate church[20] built.
- 1730 – Serpentine (lake) created in Hyde Park.
- 1731 – Gentleman's Magazine begins publication.[41]
- 1733 – St Giles in the Fields church rebuilt.
- 1735 – Sublime Society of Beef Steaks founded.[37]
- 1736 – 19 February: Premiere of Handel's Alexander's Feast.
- 1738 – Marylebone Gardens open.[42]
- 1739 – Foundling Hospital incorporated.[16]
- 1740 – London Infirmary established.[11]
- 1741 – St Katherine Coleman church rebuilt.
- 1744
- Auctioneer Baker (later Sotheby's) in business.
- St Botolph's Aldgate church rebuilt.[20]
- 1746 – Rocque's Map of London published.
- 1748 – George and Vulture pub built.
- 1750
- Westminster Bridge opens.[43]
- Berners Street laid out in Westminster.[14]
- 1751
- Society of Antiquaries of London incorporated.
- St Luke's Hospital for Lunatics founded.[24]
- 1752 – Mansion House built.
- 1753 – British Museum established.[11]
- 1756 – Marine Society founded.
- 1760
- Hamleys toy shop in business in High Holborn.
- Berkeley Square laid out.[14]
- Bishopsgate, Cripplegate, and Ludgate of the London Wall demolished.[8]
- 1761 – 22 September: Coronation of George III of the United Kingdom.[6]
- 1764
- Lloyd's Register of Ships begins publication.[8]
- The Club (dining club) founded.
- 1765 – Almack's Assembly Rooms open.[44]
- 1766
- London Paving and Lighting Act.
- Auctioneer Christie's in business.
- 1768
- Royal Academy of Arts established.[45]
- John Murray (publisher) in business.
- 1769
- Blackfriars Bridge opens.[8]
- Newgate Prison built.[22]
- Morning Chronicle newspaper begins publication.
- Astley's Amphitheatre founded.[31]
- 1770
- Coal Exchange opens.
- Lady's Magazine begins publication.[41]
- 1772
- The Morning Post newspaper begins publication.[41]
- Adelphi Buildings constructed in Westminster.
- 1776 – Somerset House construction begins in Westminster.
- 1777 – St Alphage London Wall (church) rebuilt.[20]
- 1780
- Anti-Catholic Gordon Riots occur.[19]
- Finsbury Dispensary founded.[24]
- 1782 - Royal Circus established.[31]
- 1783 – Zong massacre trial held.[46]
- 1788
- The Times newspaper in publication.[46]
- Revolution Society formed.
- Admiralty House built on Whitehall.
- 1789 – Boydell Shakespeare Gallery opens.
- 1791
- Camden Town development begins.[14]
- Giltspur Street Compter (prison) built.[16]
- 1792 – London Corresponding Society formed.[46]
- 1794 – Coldbath Fields Prison rebuilt.
- 1795
- London Missionary Society established.[12]
- Pantheon rebuilt.[25]
- Ackermann print-shop in business.
- 1799 – Gunter's Tea Shop in business.
19th century
Main article: 19th-century London
1800s–1840s
- 1800 - Maudslay's micrometer invented in London (approximate date).[31]
- 1801
- London Stock Exchange established.
- Population: 128,129; county 831,181; Greater London 1,114,644.[47][48]
- 1802 - 28 June: Balloonist Garnerin ascends from Chelsea.[49]
- 1803 – The Globe newspaper begins publication.
- 1804 – Horticultural Society of London founded.
- 1805 – London Institution founded.[12]
- 1806 – Royal Philanthropic Society incorporated.
- 1811 - Novello & Co music publisher in business.[50]
- 1812 – Gas street lighting begins.[51]
- 1814 – April: Louis XVIII of France visits city.[52]
- 1815
- London Victory Parade of 1815.
- London Docks built in Wapping.
- 1816
- Society for the Promotion of Permanent and Universal Peace founded.[53]
- English Opera House opens.
- Millbank Prison begins operating.[22]
- Boosey music publisher in business (approximate date).[50]
- 1817
- Waterloo Bridge built.[43]
- Dulwich Picture Gallery opens.
- 1819 – Burlington Arcade built.
- 1820
- Astronomical Society of London established.
- Clerkenwell Prison in operation (approximate date).
- Pickering bookseller in business.[54]
- 1822 – Royal Academy of Music founded.
- 1823
- London Mechanics' Institute[55] and Finsbury Midwifery Institution[24] established.
- Pimm's oyster bar in business.
- 1824
- National Gallery established.[56]
- Athenaeum Club founded.[15]
- 1825
- 3–5 Porchester Terrace built in Westminster.[57]
- Regent Street laid out.
- 1826
- London University,[58] Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge, and Zoological Society of London established.
- Waterman's Arms pub built in Putney.
- 1827
- The Standard newspaper begins publication.
- Clarence House built in Westminster.
- 1828 – London Zoo, Guildhall Library,[8] and St Katharine Docks open.
- 1829
- Metropolitan Police established for Greater London.[46]
- General Post Office built.
- 1830 – Geographical Society of London founded.
- 1831
- Lowther Arcade opens.[30]
- Exeter Hall built.
- London Bridge[8] and St Dunstan-in-the-West church[20] rebuilt.
- 1832
- 1833 – Hungerford Market opens.[30]
- 1834
- 16 October: Burning of Parliament.[59]
- Hansom cabs in use.[60]
- Lyceum Theatre opens.
- Central Criminal Court active.
- 1835
- Regent's Park opens.
- Madame Tussauds wax museum in business.
- 1836
- London and Greenwich Railway begins operating.[61]
- London Working Men's Association formed.[60]
- Bentley's Miscellany literary magazine begins publication.
- 1837
- Government School of Design, Soane's Museum, Art Union of London, and Army and Navy Club founded.
- Royal Institute of British Architects headquartered in London.[45]
- 1838
- Birmingham-London railway begins operating.[62]
- National Gallery building opens on Trafalgar Square.[30]
- 28 June: Coronation of Queen Victoria at Westminster Abbey.[6]
- Horsleydown Cholera Outbreak.
- Langham Sketching Club formed.[45]
- 1839
- City of London Police established.
- London and Croydon Railway begins operating.
- 1840
- 10 February: Marriage of Queen Victoria at St James's Palace.
- June: World Anti-Slavery Convention held in Exeter Hall.
- 1841
- London and Brighton Railway begins operating.
- Punch magazine begins publication.
- London Library in Pall-mall[12] and Fenchurch Street railway station[8] open.
- Chemical Society and London Philanthropic Society[12] founded.
- Population: 123,563; county 1,825,714; Greater London 2,235,344.[47]
- 1842
- Mudie's Select Library in business.[23]
- Illustrated London News begins publication.[23][31]
- Pentonville Prison begins operating.[22]
- 1843
- Nelson's Column erected in Trafalgar Square.[56]
- The Economist newspaper begins publication.
- International Peace Congress held.
- 1844 – Young Men's Christian Association founded.
- 1845
- Hungerford Bridge opens.[56]
- Metropolitan Buildings Office established.
- 1847 – Quaritch bookseller in business.
- 1848
- Metropolitan Evening Classes for Young Men instituted.[63]
- Simpson's Grand Divan Tavern in business.
- 10 April: Chartist rally on Kennington Common.[56]
- 1849
- Harrods in Knightsbridge,[64] and Gatti's cafe in Holborn in business.
1850s–1870s
- 1851
- Marble Arch relocated to Hyde Park.
- May: The Great Exhibition opens in Hyde Park.[62]
- Hungerford Hall built in Westminster.
- 1852
- King's Cross railway station opens.
- Great Ormond Street Hospital and London Necropolis Company established.
- Taylor & Francis publisher in business.[65]
- 1853
- Photographic Society of London founded.
- Regent's Park aquarium opens.[31]
- 1854
- 1854 Broad Street cholera outbreak.
- Kennington Park and Royal Panopticon open.
- London Necropolis established near city.
- London Necropolis Railway begins operating.
- 1855
- Metropolitan Board of Works, and London and Middlesex Archaeological Society established.
- Royal Victoria Dock and Metropolitan Cattle Market[66] open.
- London General Omnibus Company in business.
- Mail pillar box installed on Fleet Street.[8]
- 1856 – National Portrait Gallery opens.
- 1857 – British Museum Reading Room[66] and South Kensington Museum[67] open.
- 1858
- London postal districts established.[8]
- Great Stink.
- 1859
- Clock Tower, Palace of Westminster built.
- Jewish Board of Guardians established.
- 1860 – Maggs bookseller in business.[54]
- 1861 – Amateur Photographic Association formed.[68]
- 1862 – Great London Exposition held in South Kensington.[61]
- 1863
- Underground Metropolitan Railway begins operating.[19]
- Alexandra Park opens in Haringey.
- Whiteleys (shop)[69] and Curwen Press[50] in business.
- Arts Club founded.[45]
- 1864
- Hungerford Bridge rebuilt.
- Charing Cross railway station and Strand Musick Hall open.
- International Workingmen's Association founded in London.[70]
- 1865
- Pall Mall Gazette newspaper begins publication.
- Eleanor cross reproduction erected at Charing Cross.
- Café Royal in business in Piccadilly.
- 1866 – Charing Cross Music Hall established.
- 1867
- Penzance-London railway constructed.[62]
- Palace of Westminster rebuilt.[59]
- 13 December: Clerkenwell Outrage bombing.
- 1868
- The Echo newspaper begins publication.
- Gaiety Theatre built.[27]
- 1869 – Blackfriars Bridge rebuilt.[8]
- 1870 – Victoria Embankment,[66] Vaudeville Theatre, and Opera Comique[27] open.
- 1871
- Slade School of Fine Art established.
- Royal Albert Hall opens in South Kensington.
- Berners Club for Women active (approximate date).[69]
- 1872 – East London Museum opens.[67]
- 1873
- Albert Bridge, Alexandra Palace, and Guildhall Library building[71] open.
- Criterion Restaurant in business.
- 1874
- Chelsea Embankment opens.[66]
- College for Working Women established.[63]
- 1875
- 1876 – Hampstead Cemetery in use.[73]
- 1878
- Cleopatra's Needle erected on Victoria Embankment.[66]
- St John's Wood Art School and Sette of Odd Volumes (club)[45] founded.
- 1879 – D'Oyly Carte Opera Company in business.
1880s–1890s
- 1880
- Guildhall School of Music and London Topographical Society[74] founded.
- St. James's Gazette newspaper begins publication.
- Royal Albert Dock opens.
- 1881
- Evening News begins publication.
- Savoy Theatre in Westminster and Natural History Museum[75] open.
- London Municipal Reform League founded.[12]
- Leadenhall Market rebuilt.
- Population: 50,569; county 3,779,728; Greater London 4,766,661.[47]
- 1882
- Royal Courts of Justice built on the Strand in Westminster.
- London Press Club, and London and Provincial Photographic Association[68] established.
- 1884
- Empire Theatre opens.
- St Columba's Church built in Knightsbridge.
- Fabian Society[70] and Society of Architects[45] headquartered in London.
- 1885
- January: Japanese Village exhibit opens in Knightsbridge.
- 14 March: Premiere of Gilbert & Sullivan's The Mikado.
- Guildhall Art Gallery[8] and Huguenot Society of London established.
- 1886
- Economic protest in Trafalgar Square.[58]
- Doyle's fictional Sherlock Holmes stories begin publication.[42]
- 1887
- London Social Camera Club[68] and People's Palace[63] established.
- April–May: First Colonial Conference held at the Colonial Office.
- 1888
- County of London constituted.[12]
- London matchgirls strike of 1888
- The Star newspaper begins publication.
- April: Whitechapel murders begin.
- 1889
- 14 August: London Dock Strike of 1889 begins.[58]
- London County Council elected.[12]
- Garrick Theatre opens.
- Savoy Hotel and Pearson[76] in business.
- 1892
- Bibliographical Society and Borough Polytechnic Institute established.
- London Chamber of Arbitration instituted.[12]
- 1893 – Science Museum active.
- 1894
- Survey of London project begins.
- Royal Commission on the Amalgamation of the City and County of London report issued.
- London Camanachd sport club formed.
- 1895
- London School of Economics established.
- Lyric Theatre (Hammersmith) opens.
- 1896
- Daily Mail newspaper begins publication.
- Trocadero restaurant and Knight, Frank & Rutley in business.
- July: International Socialist Workers and Trade Union Congress held in London.
- 1897 – National Gallery of British Art opens in Millbank.
- 1898 – Hotel Russell built.
- 1899 – London Government Act 1899 divides the County of London into 28 metropolitan boroughs:[77] Battersea, Bermondsey, Bethnal Green, Camberwell, Chelsea, Deptford, Finsbury, Fulham, Greenwich, Hammersmith, Hackney, Hampstead, Holborn, Islington, Kensington, Lambeth, Lewisham, Paddington, Poplar, St Marylebone, St Pancras, Shoreditch, Southwark, Stepney, Stoke Newington, Wandsworth, Westminster, and Woolwich.[78]
20th century
1900s–1930s
Main article: History of London (1900–39)
- 1900
- London Hippodrome built.
- British Museum tube station opens.
- 1901
- Apollo Theatre opens.[79]
- Population: 26,923; county 4,509,618; Greater London 6,581,402.[47]
- 1903
- Westminster Cathedral consecrated.[59]
- Pepys Club founded.
- Tabloid newspaper Daily Mirror begins publication.[31]
- 1904
- London Symphony Orchestra[80] and Royal Academy of Dramatic Art founded.
- 9 February: City of London by-election, 1904 held.
- 27 December: Premiere of Peter Pan.
- 1905 – Naval, Shipping and Fisheries Exhibition held.
- 1906
- Vauxhall Bridge opens.
- Kingsway tramway subway begins operating.
- 27 February: City of London by-election, February 1906 held.
- 1907
- Old Bailey (court) building constructed.[8]
- 22 March: The first taxicabs with taxi meters begin operating in London.
- 1908 – 1908 Summer Olympics[81] and Franco-British Exhibition (1908) held.
- 1909
- Port of London Authority established.[82]
- Strand Palace Hotel and Selfridges, Oxford Street in business.
- Imperial International Exhibition held in White City.
- 1910
- Japan–British Exhibition held in White City.
- Fine Art Trade Guild headquartered in London.[45]
- 1911
- Victoria Memorial dedicated near Buckingham Palace.
- 22 June: Coronation of George V.
- The Other Club (dining society) founded.
- 1914 – City Livery Club founded.[15]
- 1915 – 31 May: Bombing by German forces begins.[8][83]
- 1916 – School of Oriental Studies founded.
- 1917 – Aerial bombing by German forces.
- 1918 - British Antique Dealers' Association headquartered in London.[45]
- 1919
- August: Aircraft Transport and Travel airline begins operating its daily Paris-London route.[84]
- City Literary Institute established.
- 1920
- London School of Journalism founded.
- The Cenotaph, Whitehall erected.
- 1921 – Southwark Bridge opens.
- 1922
- Waterloo Station rebuilt.
- 19 May: City of London by-election, 1922 held.
- 1923 – Wembley Stadium opens.
- 1924 – 1 February: City of London by-election, 1924 held.
- 1925 - West African Students' Union established.[85]
- 1927 - Delhi-London air traffic begins.[31]
- 1928 – 7 January: 1928 Thames flood.
- 1929
- Grosvenor House Hotel in business.
- OXO Tower in Southwark rebuilt.
- 1930
- Harmondsworth Aerodrome begins operating.
- New Victoria Theatre[79] and Whitehall Theatre open.
- 1931
- League of Coloured Peoples founded.[85]
- Daily Express Building constructed.[8]
- Population: 4,397,003 county; 8,203,942 Greater London.[86]
- 1932
- Lambeth Bridge opens.
- London Philharmonic Orchestra, Courtauld Institute of Art, and Jewish Museum London founded.
- 1933 – London Passenger Transport Board established.
- 1936
- Gatwick Airport beehive terminal opens.
- 4 October: Battle of Cable Street occurs in the East End.
- 31 October: Jarrow Hunger March arrives in London.[81]
- 1937 – 12 May: Coronation of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth.
- 1938
- London Green Belt established.[82]
- 6 April: City of London by-election, 1938 held.
1940s–1990s
- 1940
- 5 February: City of London by-election, 1940 held.
- 7 September: Bombing of city by German forces begins.[81][87]
- 29–30 December: Second Great Fire of London.
- 1944 – Bombing by German forces.[5]
- 1946
- 10 January: First United Nations General Assembly convenes.[87]
- 8 June: London Victory Celebrations of 1946.
- London Airport opens.
- London Philharmonic Choir formed.
- 1948 – 1948 Summer Olympics held.[88]
- 1950 – Cities of London and Westminster (UK Parliament constituency) created.
- 1951
- April 19: Miss World beauty pageant begins.[31]
- Royal Festival Hall inaugurated.
- Festival of Britain held on the South Bank.[88]
- Population: 3,348,336 county; 8,346,137 Greater London.[86]
- 1952 – December: Great Smog.
- 1953
- Civil Service Club founded.
- 2 June: Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II.[87]
- 1956
- Crystal Palace transmitting station erected.
- Pollock's Toy Museum established.
- 1958
- 1959 – Ealing Jazz Club opens.
- 1962 – Queen's Gallery opens.
- 1963
- London Government Act 1963 created.[19]
- London Tourist Board established.
- 1964 – London Record Society founded.
- 1965
- Inner London boroughs created: Camden, Greenwich, Hackney, Hammersmith and Fulham, Islington, Kensington and Chelsea, Lambeth, Lewisham, Southwark, Tower Hamlets, Wandsworth, and Westminster.
- Outer London boroughs created: Barking and Dagenham, Barnet, Bexley, Brent, Bromley, Croydon, Ealing, Enfield, Haringey, Harrow, Havering, Hillingdon, Hounslow, Kingston upon Thames, Merton, Newham, Redbridge, Richmond upon Thames, Sutton, and Waltham Forest.
- 30 January: Funeral of Winston Churchill.
- 4 November: Cities of London and Westminster by-election, 1965 held.
- Greater London Record Office established.
- BT Tower built.[89]
- 1966
- City University London[82] and London Free School established.
- UFO Club opens.
- Centre Point built.
- Notting Hill Carnival begins.
- 1973
- Windsor House built.
- London Bridge rebuilt.[90]
- 1974
- New Covent Garden Market opens.
- Sex (boutique) in business.[91]
- 1975
- Southwark Towers built.
- 28 February: Moorgate tube crash.
- 1977 – 24 February: City of London and Westminster South by-election, 1977 held.
- 1978 - Asharq Al-Awsat newspaper begins publication.
- 1980
- National Westminster Tower built.
- London Transport Museum and London Chinatown Community Centre established.
- Royal Society of Chemistry headquartered in London.
- 1981
- London Marathon begins.[82]
- 11 April: 1981 Brixton riot.[88]
- 29 July: Wedding of Charles, Prince of Wales, and Lady Diana Spencer.[87]
- 1982
- 20 July: Hyde Park and Regent's Park bombings.
- 12 October: London Victory Parade of 1982.
- Thames Barrier begins operating.
- Black Audio Film Collective active.
- Barbican Centre opens.[82]
- 1983 - Sankofa Film and Video Collective founded.
- 1984
- London Fashion Week begins.
- Churchill War Rooms museum opens.
- 1986
- Lloyd's building constructed.[8]
- Al-Hayat newspaper headquartered in London (approximate date).
- 1987 – London City Airport and Docklands Light Railway begin operating.[92]
- 1990 – 31 March: Poll Tax Riot.[88]
- 1991 – One Canada Square built.
- 1993 – 24 April: 1993 Bishopsgate bombing.
- 1994 – November: Eurostar railway (Paris-London) begins operating.
- 1995 – Blackwell's bookshop in business.
- 1997
- 6 September: Funeral of Diana, Princess of Wales.[88]
- London Metropolitan Archives established.
- British Library building in St Pancras,[82] and London Aquarium open.
- 1998 – Greater London Authority referendum, 1998.
- 1999
- Canary Wharf tube station opens.
- London IMAX cinema built in South Bank.
21st century
- 2000
- Ken Livingstone becomes mayor of Greater London.
- Millennium Bridge, London Eye ferris wheel, Tate Modern museum, Millennium Dome, and ExCeL Exhibition Centre open.
- Transport for London established
- 2001
- Citigroup Centre built.
- Handel House Museum opens.
- 2002
- 8 Canada Square built.
- June: Golden Jubilee of Elizabeth II.
- Idea Store community centre opens in Bow.
- 2003
- Congestion Charge introduced.
- 2004
- London Plan published.
- Pride London established.
- BBC Media Village built in White City.
- Temple Bar reinstalled at Paternoster Square.[8]
- 2005 – 7 July 2005 London bombings.[88]
- 2007
- London Overground begins operating.
- Wembley Stadium rebuilt.[82]
- 2008
- Boris Johnson becomes mayor of Greater London.
- Willis Building constructed.
- 2009
- 1–2 April: 2009 G-20 London summit protests.
- 2 April: City hosts 2009 G-20 London summit.
- 2011
- 26 March: 2011 London anti-cuts protest.
- 29 April: Wedding of Prince William and Catherine Middleton
- August: 2011 England riots.
- 15 October: Occupy London begins.
- Heron Tower built.
- 2012
- 3 May: London Assembly election, 2012 and London mayoral election, 2012 held.
- 3 June: Thames Diamond Jubilee Pageant occurs.
- 27 July: 2012 Summer Olympics begin.
- 29 August: 2012 Summer Paralympics begin.
- 10 September: Our Greatest Team Parade held.
- The Shard building constructed.
- 2013 – 28 October: Windstorm.
- 2014 – Cat Emporium (Cat café) in business.[93]
See also
References
- ↑ http://www.thamesdiscovery.org/frog-blog/london-s-oldest-find-discovered-at-vauxhall. Missing or empty
|title=(help) - ↑ http://www.britarch.ac.uk/ba/ba46/ba46news.html. Missing or empty
|title=(help) - 1 2 3 4 Ackroyd 2001.
- 1 2 Samantha Letters (2005), "Middlesex", Gazetteer of Markets and Fairs in England and Wales to 1516 (Institute of Historical Research, Centre for Metropolitan History)
- 1 2 "London", Webster's Geographical Dictionary, Springfield, Massachusetts: G. & C. Merriam Co., 1960, p. 627, OL 5812502M
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Cook 1921.
- ↑ "Tower of London: Events Timeline". Historic Royal Palaces. Retrieved October 2014.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 "City Timeline". City of London. Retrieved 11 January 2014.
- 1 2 Richardson 2000.
- 1 2 Melitta Weiss Adamson (2004). "Timeline". Food in Medieval Times. Greenwood. ISBN 978-0-313-32147-4.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Haydn 1910, pp. 839–848.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Benjamin Vincent (1910), Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (25th ed.), London: Ward, Lock & Co.
- 1 2 3 4 Cunningham 1850.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Knight 1844.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Weinreb 2008.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Tablet of Memory: Shewing Every Memorable Event in History (12th ed.). London: J. Johnson et al. 1809.
- 1 2 3 "Middle Ages". British History Timeline. BBC. Retrieved 11 January 2014.
- 1 2 3 Allen 1839.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Wilson 2004.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Godfrey 1911.
- 1 2 3 "Tudors". British History Timeline. BBC. Retrieved 11 January 2014.
- 1 2 3 4 Mitchel P. Roth (2006). "Chronology". Prisons and Prison Systems: A Global Encyclopedia. Greenwood. ISBN 978-0-313-32856-5.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Asa Briggs; Peter Burke (2009). "Chronology". Social History of the Media (3rd ed.). Polity. ISBN 978-0-7456-4495-0.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Elmes 1831.
- 1 2 Lenglet Du Fresnoy (1801). Chronological Tablets: Exhibiting Every Remarkable Occurrence from the Creation of the World. London: Vernor & Hood.
Chiefly abridged from the French
- ↑ New Tablet of Memory, Shewing Every Memorable Event in History. London: John Bumpus. 1811.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Baker 1904.
- ↑ Arjan Van Dixhoorn and Susie Speakman Sutch, ed. (2008). The Reach of the Republic of Letters: Literary and Learned Societies in the Late Medieval and Early Modern Europe. Brill. ISBN 90-04-16955-5.
- ↑ "Treasures in Full: Renaissance Festival Books". British Library. Retrieved October 2014.
- 1 2 3 4 Overall 1870.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Steven Anzovin and Janet Podell, ed. (2000). Famous First Facts. H.W. Wilson Co. ISBN 0824209583.
- ↑ "Civil War and Revolution". British History Timeline. BBC. Retrieved 11 January 2014.
- ↑ "Timeline of the 1600s". London's Burning: the Great Fire of London 1666. Museum of London. Retrieved October 2014.
- ↑ "Coronation of Charles II. (London: 1661)". Treasures in Full: Renaissance Festival Books. British Library. Retrieved October 2014.
- 1 2 3 4 Joseph Donohue, ed. (2004). "Chronology". Cambridge History of British Theatre. 2: 1660 to 1895. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-65068-7.
- 1 2 3 Stephen Rose (2005). "Chronology". In Tim Carter and John Butt. Cambridge History of Seventeenth-Century Music. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-79273-8.
- 1 2 Timbs 1866.
- ↑ Radio 3. "Opera Timeline". BBC. Retrieved March 2015.
- ↑ Rudé 1971.
- ↑ Schwarz 2000.
- 1 2 3 Laurel Brake and Marysa Demoor, ed. (2009). "Chronology". Dictionary of Nineteenth-century Journalism in Great Britain and Ireland. Academia Press. ISBN 978-90-382-1340-8.
- 1 2 3 Conlin 2013.
- 1 2 Nicholson 1998.
- ↑ Townsend 1867.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 The Year's Art, London: Hutchinson and Co., 1922 – via Hathi Trust
- 1 2 3 4 "Empire and Sea Power". British History Timeline. BBC. Retrieved 11 January 2014.
- 1 2 3 4 Britannica 1910, p. 945: London: Population
- ↑ Price-Williams 1885.
- ↑ Richard Holmes (2013). Falling Upwards: How We Took to the Air. Knopf. ISBN 978-0-307-90870-4.
- 1 2 3 Chester L. Alwes (2012). "Choral Music in the Culture of the 19th Century". In André de Quadros. Cambridge Companion to Choral Music. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-11173-7.
Music publishers of the 18th to the early 20th c. (chronological list)
- ↑ Eric J. Evans (2013). "Framework of Events, 1783–1815". The Forging of the Modern State: Early Industrial Britain, 1783–1870 (3rd ed.). Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-87371-6.
- ↑ William Toone (1835). Chronological Historian ... of Great Britain 2 (2nd ed.). London: J. Dowding.
- ↑ Sandi E. Cooper (1991). "Peace Societies". Patriotic Pacifism: Waging War on War in Europe, 1815–1914. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-536343-2.
- 1 2 James Clegg, ed. (1899). "London". International Directory of Booksellers. London: Stock.
- ↑ Penny Cyclopaedia 1839.
- 1 2 3 4 Miltoun 1908.
- ↑ "A history of cities in 50 buildings", The Guardian (UK), 2015
- 1 2 3 Richard Tames (2005). "Table of Events". Economy and Society in 19th Century Britain. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-61751-5.
- 1 2 3 Britannica 1910, p. 549: Westminster
- 1 2 Eric J. Evans (2013). "Framework of Events, 1816–1846". The Forging of the Modern State: Early Industrial Britain, 1783–1870 (3rd ed.). Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-87371-6.
- 1 2 Francis O'Gorman, ed. (2010). "Victorian Culture Chronology". Cambridge Companion to Victorian Culture. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-88699-4.
- 1 2 3 "Victorian Britain". British History Timeline. BBC. Retrieved 11 January 2014.
- 1 2 3 Education Annual, London: George Philip & Son, 1890
- ↑ Kelley Graham (2008). "Chronology". Gone To The Shops: Shopping In Victorian England. Greenwood. ISBN 978-0-313-07147-8.
- ↑ Mary H. Munroe (2004). "Taylor & Francis Timeline". The Academic Publishing Industry: A Story of Merger and Acquisition. Archived from the original on October 2014 – via Northern Illinois University.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Maxwell 1882.
- 1 2 Dickens 1882.
- 1 2 3 "Photographic Societies of the British Isles and Colonies", International Annual of Anthony's Photographic Bulletin, New York: E. & H. T. Anthony & Company, 1891
- 1 2 Rappaport 2001.
- 1 2 James C. Docherty; Peter Lamb (2006). "Chronology". Historical Dictionary of Socialism (2nd ed.). Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6477-1.
- ↑ "History of Guildhall Library". City of London. Retrieved 11 January 2014.
- ↑ Stephen Van Dulken (2001). Inventing the 19th Century: 100 Inventions that Shaped the Victorian Age. New York University Press. ISBN 978-0-8147-8810-3.
- ↑ Holmes 1896.
- ↑ London Topographical Record, London Topographical Society
- ↑ Susie L. Steinbach (2012). "Timeline". Understanding the Victorians: Politics, Culture and Society in Nineteenth-Century Britain. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-76263-6.
- ↑ Mary H. Munroe (2004). "Pearson Timeline". The Academic Publishing Industry: A Story of Merger and Acquisition. Archived from the original on October 2014 – via Northern Illinois University.
- ↑ Britannica 1910, p. 951: London: Government
- ↑ Donald 1907.
- 1 2 "Theatres Database". London: Theatres Trust. Retrieved 11 January 2014.
- ↑ "Chronology". London Symphony Orchestra. Retrieved October 2014.
- 1 2 3 "World Wars". British History Timeline. BBC. Retrieved 11 January 2014.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Michelin 2012.
- ↑ Stephen Pope; Elizabeth-Anne Wheal (1995). "Select Chronology". Dictionary of the First World War. Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-85052-979-1.
- ↑ Patrick Robertson (2011). Robertson's Book of Firsts. Bloomsbury. ISBN 978-1-60819-738-5.
- 1 2 Matera 2015.
- 1 2 Leon E. Seltzer, ed. (1952), "London", Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer of the World, New York: Columbia University Press, p. 177, OL 6112221M
- 1 2 3 4 "On This Day", New York Times, retrieved November 2014
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 "1945 to Present". British History Timeline. BBC. Retrieved 11 January 2014.
- ↑ "Seven Leading Architects Defend the World's Most Hated Buildings", New York Times, 5 June 2015
- ↑ "2000 Years of the London Bridge (chronology)". London Bridge Museum. Retrieved October 2014.
- ↑ "Vivienne Westwood chronology". Victoria and Albert Museum. Retrieved October 2014.
- ↑ "DLR history timeline". Transport for London. Retrieved 11 January 2014.
- ↑ "Feline Fans Flock to London's First Cat Cafe", New York Times, 4 April 2014
Bibliography
See also lists of works about London by period: Tudor London, Stuart London, 18th century, 19th century, 1900–1939, 1960s
- published in the 19th century
- James Elmes (1831). Topographical Dictionary of London and Its Environs. London: Whittaker, Treacher and Arnot.
- Thomas Allen; Thomas Wright (1839). "Account of the Companies of the City of London, Alphabetically Arranged". History and Antiquities of London, Westminster, Southwark, and Parts Adjacent 2. London. pp. 376–429.
- "London". Penny Cyclopaedia 14. London: Charles Knight. 1839. pp. 109–129.
- Charles Knight, ed. (1844), "Metropolitan Boroughs", London 6, London: C. Knight & Co.
- Peter Cunningham (1850), "Chronology of London Occurrences", Handbook of London (2nd ed.), London: John Murray, OCLC 4773921
- J. Willoughby Rosse (1859). "London". Index of Dates ... Facts in the Chronology and History of the World. London: H.G. Bohn – via Hathi Trust.
- John Timbs (1866), Club Life of London, London: J. Bentley
- George Henry Townsend (1867), "London", A Manual of Dates (2nd ed.), London: Frederick Warne & Co., pp. 587–590
- William Henry Overall, ed. (1870), "London", Dictionary of Chronology, London: William Tegg, OCLC 2613202
- Charles Dickens (1882), "Historical Events", Dickens's Dictionary of London, London: Macmillan & Co.
- John and Robert Maxwell. "Memorable Dates". Concise Guide to London. London. circa 1882
- R. Price-Williams (1885), "Population of London, 1801–81", Journal of the Statistical Society 48, pp. 349–432
- Mrs. Basil Holmes (1896). "Burial-Grounds within the Metropolitan Area". London Burial Grounds. Macmillan.
- published in the 20th century
- Henry Barton Baker (1904), "Chronological List of the London Theatres", History of the London Stage and its Famous Players (1576–1903), London: Routledge
- Robert Donald, ed. (1907). "London". Municipal Year Book of the United Kingdom for 1907. London: Edward Lloyd. pp. 5–47.
- Francis Miltoun (1908). "Brief Chronology". Dickens' London. Boston: L.C. Page & Company.
- "London: Government", Encyclopaedia Britannica (11th ed.), New York, 1910, OCLC 14782424 – via Internet Archive
- "London: Population, Public Health, &c.", Encyclopaedia Britannica (11th ed.), New York, 1910, OCLC 14782424
- "Westminster", Encyclopaedia Britannica (11th ed.), New York, 1910, OCLC 14782424
- Benjamin Vincent (1910), "London", Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (25th ed.), London: Ward, Lock & Co., pp. 839–848
- Walter H. Godfrey (1911), "List of Buildings on ... Map 1: The City of London and Southwark", History of Architecture in London, London: B.T. Batsford
- Cook's Handbook to London. London: Thos. Cook & Son. 1921.
- George F.E. Rudé (1971). Hanoverian London, 1714–1808. History of London. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-01778-8.
- Louise Nicholson (1998). "London Chronology". London. Abbeville Press. ISBN 978-0-7112-1187-2.
- published in the 21st century
- John Richardson (2000). The Annals of London: A Year-by-year Record of a Thousand Years of History. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-22795-8.
- Leonard Schwarz (2000). "London, 1700–1840". In Peter Clark. Cambridge Urban History of Britain 2. Cambridge University Press. p. 641+. ISBN 978-0-521-43141-5.
- Peter Ackroyd (2001), "Chronology", London: the Biography, Nan A. Talese, ISBN 9780385497701
- Erika Diane Rappaport (2001). Shopping for Pleasure: Women in the Making of London's West End. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-04476-7.
- A.N. Wilson (2004). "Chronology of London History". London: A History. Modern Library. p. 193+. ISBN 978-0-307-42665-9.
- Ben Weinreb; et al. (2008). The London Encyclopaedia (3rd ed.). Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-230-73878-2.
- "20C to Today (timeline)". London. Michelin Green Guide. 2012. ISBN 978-2-06-718238-7.
- Jonathan Conlin (2013). Tales of Two Cities: Paris, London and the Birth of the Modern City. Counterpoint LLC. ISBN 978-1-61902-225-6.
- Marc Matera (2015). Black London: The Imperial Metropolis and Decolonization in the Twentieth Century. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-95990-3.
External links
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to History of London. |
- British History Online. London
- "London and its Hinterlands: Life in London, 1674–1913". Old Bailey Proceedings Online. University of Sheffield.
- "Timeline". Exploring 20th Century London. Renaissance London.
- "London", Historical Directories (UK: University of Leicester).
- Europeana. Items related to London, various dates.
- Digital Public Library of America. Items related to London, various dates
- "Dates and Events – Chronology". Dictionary of Victorian London. Stoke Newington: Lee Jackson.
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