Timeline of Birmingham, Alabama
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
- This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.
19th century
- 1871
- 1873
- Birmingham becomes seat of Jefferson County.[2]
- First Colored Baptist Church founded.
- Cholera epidemic.[2]
- 1874 - Birmingham Iron Age newspaper in publication.[3]
- 1880 - Population: 3,086.[4]
- 1881 - Alabama Christian Advocate newspaper begins publication.[5]
- 1882
- Sloss Furnace begins operating.
- O'Brien's Opera House opens.[6]
- 1887 - Howard College active in East Lake.
- 1888 - Evening News and Birmingham Age-Herald newspapers in publication.
- 1890
- 1891 - Birmingham Commercial Club incorporated.
- 1893
- Cathedral of Saint Paul built.
- St. Mark's School opens.[7][8]
- 1895
- Tennessee Coal, Iron and Railroad Company headquarters relocated to Birmingham.[9]
- Birmingham Conservatory of Music established.[10]
- 1896 - Spencer Business College established.[10]
20th century
- 1900 - Population: 38,415.
- 1901 - March 25: Storm.[3]
- 1907
- Tennessee Coal, Iron and Railroad Company acquired by United States Steel Corporation.[11]
- Miles Memorial College active in nearby Fairfield.[12]
- 1909
- City expands to include Ensley, North Birmingham, Pratt City, Woodlawn.[2]
- Birmingham Terminal Station[3] and Empire Building constructed.
- 1910 - Population: 132,685.
- 1912 - John Hand Building constructed.
- 1913 - City Federal Building constructed.
- 1916
- October 18: 1916 Irondale earthquake.
- Robert E. Lee Klan No.1 formed.[13]
- 1917 - Civitan Club founded.[13]
- 1918 - Birmingham–Southern College established.
- 1920 - Population: 178,806.[13]
- 1923 - Traffic lights installed.[13]
- 1924 - Avondale Sun newspaper begins publication.[3]
- 1927 - Alabama Theatre opens.[3]
- 1928 - Exchange-Security Bank established.[14]
- 1929 - Thomas Jefferson Hotel built.
- 1930
- 1933 - Mine, Mill and Smelter Workers Union active.[16]
- 1936
- Local Steel Workers Organizing Committee formed.[17]
- Vulcan statue erected atop Red Mountain.[4]
- 1942 - Birmingham Historical Society founded.[18]
- 1950
- Birmingham Post-Herald newspaper in publication.[5]
- Population: 326,037.[1]
- 1956
- Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights headquartered in Birmingham.
- Alabama Symphony Orchestra active.
- 1959 - West End Hills Missionary Baptist Church built.
- 1960
- Eastwood Mall in business.[3]
- Population: 340,887.
- 1961 - First Baptist Church, Kingston built.
- 1962 - Two North Twentieth built.
- 1963
- April 3: Birmingham campaign for civil rights begins.
- April 16: Martin Luther King, Jr. writes Letter from Birmingham Jail.[11]
- May: Birmingham riot of 1963.
- September 15: 16th Street Baptist Church bombing.[11][19]
- Birmingham Botanical Gardens open.
- 1965
- Airport Drive-In cinema opens.[20]
- Southern Museum of Flight established.[18]
- 1970
- Daniel Building constructed.
- Population: 300,910.
- 1971 - First Alabama Bancshares headquartered in city.
- 1972 - South Central Bell Building and First National-Southern Natural Building built.
- 1975 - Birmingham Vulcans football team formed.
- 1979 - Richard Arrington, Jr. becomes mayor.
- 1980 - Population: 284,413.
- 1982 - Community Food Bank of Central Alabama[21][22] and Bama 6 cinema[20] open.
- 1986 - South Trust Tower built.
- 1988 - AmSouth-Harbert Plaza (hi-rise) built.
- 1990
- 1992 - Birmingham Civil Rights Institute established.[18]
- 1993
- 1996 - City website online (approximate date).[27]
- 1998 - April 6–9, 1998 tornado outbreak.
21st century
- 2000 - Population: 242,840.
- 2005 - Locust Fork News-Journal begins publication.[28]
- 2010
- William A. Bell becomes mayor.
- Population: 212,237.[29]
- 2011 - Terri Sewell becomes U.S. representative for Alabama's 7th congressional district.[30]
See also
- List of mayors of Birmingham, Alabama
- National Register of Historic Places listings in Birmingham, Alabama
- List of neighborhoods in Birmingham, Alabama
- Timeline of Alabama[31]
- Other cities in Alabama
References
- 1 2 Leon E. Seltzer, ed. (1952), Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer of the World, New York: Columbia University Press, p. 221, OL 6112221M
- 1 2 3 4 Owen 1921.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Browse Collections". Digital Collections. Birmingham Public Library. Retrieved July 2014.
- 1 2 3 Federal Writers' Project 1941: "Birmingham"
- 1 2 3 "US Newspaper Directory". Chronicling America. Washington DC: Library of Congress. Retrieved July 2014.
- ↑ Teeple 1887.
- ↑ Barbara Brandon Schnorrenberg (2002), ""The Best School for Blacks in the State" St. Mark's Academic and Industrial School, Birmingham, Alabama 1892-1940", Anglican and Episcopal History 71, JSTOR 42615917
- ↑ "St. Mark's School, Birmingham, Alabama", Colored American Magazine (New York: Moore Publishing) 13, 1907
- ↑ "Encyclopedia of Alabama". Alabama Humanities Foundation. Retrieved July 2014.
- 1 2 Patterson's American Educational Directory 19. Chicago. 1922.
- 1 2 3 Lynda Brown; et al. (1998). "Chronology". Alabama History: An Annotated Bibliography. Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-313-28223-2.
- ↑ Negro Education: A Study of the Private and Higher Schools for Colored People in the United States. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1917.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Brownell 1972.
- ↑ "Institution Directory". Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. Retrieved July 2014.
- ↑ Robert P. Ingalls (1981), "Antiradical Violence in Birmingham During the 1930s", Journal of Southern History 47, JSTOR 2207401
- ↑ Alan Draper (1996), "New Southern Labor History Revisited: The Success of the Mine, Mill and Smelter Workers Union in Birmingham, 1934-1938", Journal of Southern History 62, JSTOR 2211207
- ↑ Robert J. Norrell (1986), "Caste in Steel: Jim Crow Careers in Birmingham, Alabama", Journal of American History 73, JSTOR 1902982
- 1 2 3 American Association for State and Local History (2002). "Alabama: Birmingham". Directory of Historical Organizations in the United States and Canada (15th ed.). ISBN 0759100020.
- ↑ "On This Day", New York Times, retrieved November 2014
- 1 2 "Movie Theaters in Birmingham, AL". CinemaTreasures.org. Los Angeles: Cinema Treasures LLC. Retrieved July 2014.
- ↑ "About". Birmingham: Community Food Bank of Central Alabama. Retrieved July 2014.
- ↑ "Alabama Food Banks". Food Bank Locator. Chicago: Feeding America. Retrieved July 2014.
- ↑ "History". Hoover, Alabama: Birmingham Islamic Society. Retrieved July 2014.
- ↑ Pluralism Project. "Birmingham, Alabama". Directory of Religious Centers. Harvard University. Retrieved July 2014.
- ↑ Population of the 100 Largest Cities and Other Urban Places in the United States: 1790 to 1990, US Census Bureau, 1998
- ↑ "Alabama". Official Congressional Directory. 1993 – via Hathi Trust.
- ↑ "City of Birmingham, Alabama". Archived from the original on October 1996 – via Internet Archive, Wayback Machine.
- ↑ "Alabama". CJR's Guide to Online News Startups. New York: Columbia Journalism Review. Retrieved July 2014.
- ↑ "Birmingham (city), Alabama". State & County QuickFacts. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved July 2014.
- ↑ "Alabama". Official Congressional Directory. 2011.
- ↑ Federal Writers' Project (1941), "Chronology", Alabama; a Guide to the Deep South, American Guide Series, New York: Hastings House – via Hathi Trust
Bibliography
- Published in the 19th century
- Saffold Berney (1878), "Birmingham", Handbook of Alabama, Mobile: Mobile Register print.
- City Directory of Birmingham. Atlanta, Ga.: Interstate Directory Co. 1884.
- John W. DuBose, ed., The Mineral Wealth of Alabama and Birmingham (Birmingham, 1886)
- 1887 Pocket Business Directory and Guide to Birmingham, Ala. 1887 – via Birmingham Public Library.
- Jefferson County and Birmingham, Alabama: Historical and Biographical. Teeple & Smith. 1887. ISBN 978-0-89308-041-9.
- Henry M. Caldwell, History of the Elyton Land Company and Birmingham, Ala. 1892.
- Published in the 20th century
- Code of City of Birmingham, Alabama. 1917.
- "Birmingham". Automobile Blue Book. USA. 1919.
- Cruikshank, A History of Birmingham and Its Environs (2 vols., Chicago, 1920)
- Thomas McAdory Owen (1921), "Birmingham", History of Alabama and Dictionary of Alabama Biography, Chicago: S.J. Clarke, OCLC 1872130
- Harrison A. Trexler, "Birmingham's Struggle with Commission Government," National Municipal Review, XIV (November 1925)
- George R. Leighton, "Birmingham, Alabama: The City of Perpetual Promise," Harper's Magazine, CLXXV (August 1937)
- Federal Writers' Project (1941), "Birmingham", Alabama; a Guide to the Deep South, American Guide Series, New York: Hastings House
- Florence H. W. Moss, Building Birmingham and Jefferson County (Birmingham, Ala.: Birmingham Printing Company, 1947)
- John C. Henley, Jr., This Is Birmingham: The Story of the Founding and Growth of an American City. 1960.
- Paul B. Worthman, "Black Workers and Labor Unions in Birmingham, Alabama, 1897-1904," Labor History, 10 (Summer 1969)
- Paul B. Worthman, "Working Class Mobility in Birmingham, Alabama, 1880-1914," in Anonymous Americans: Explorations in Nineteenth-Century Social History, ed. Tamara K. Hareven (Englewood Cliffs, 1971)
- Blaine A. Brownell (1972), "Birmingham, Alabama: New South City in the 1920s", Journal of Southern History 38, JSTOR 2206652
- McMillan, Malcolm C. Yesterday's Birmingham. Miami: E.A. Seeman Publishing, 1975.
- Ory Mazar Nergal, ed. (1980), "Birmingham, AL", Encyclopedia of American Cities, New York: E.P. Dutton, OL 4120668M
- Valley and the Hills: An Illustrated History of Birmingham and Jefferson County. 1981
- George Thomas Kurian (1994), "Birmingham, Alabama", World Encyclopedia of Cities, 1: North America, Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO – via Open Library
- Henry M. McKiven (1995). Iron and Steel: Class, Race, and Community in Birmingham, Alabama, 1875-1920. Univ of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-0-8078-4524-0.
- "The South: Alabama: Birmingham", USA, Let's Go, New York: St. Martin's Press, 1999, OL 24937240M
- Lynne B. Feldman, A Sense of Place: Birmingham's Black Middle Class Community, 1890-1930 (Tuscaloosa, 1999)
- Published in the 21st century
- "Alabama: Birmingham", Louisiana & the Deep South, Lonely Planet, 2001 – via Open Library
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Birmingham, Alabama. |
- Jim Lewis. "Birmingham". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Alabama Humanities Foundation.
- Items related to Birmingham, various dates (via Digital Public Library of America)
Images
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Overview of Birmingham, 1907
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Ensely, Birmingham, 1937
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Overview of Birmingham, 1972
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Southside, Birmingham, 2010
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