Timeline of Basra
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The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Basra, Iraq.
- This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.
Prior to 20th century
- 638 CE - Military camp established by Utbah ibn Ghazwan per order of Omar ibn al-Khattab.[1]
- 646 - Abdallah ibn Amer becomes governor.[2]
- 658 - Battle of the Camel.[1]
- 664 - Ziyad ibn Abihi becomes governor.[2]
- 673 - Ubayd Allah ibn Ziyad becomes governor.
- 683 - Uprising against Umayyads.[1]
- 691 - Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan in power.
- 701 - Uprising against the Umayyads.[1]
- 772 - Ramparts built.[3]
- 820 - Zott conflict.[4]
- 868 - Zanj Rebellion.[1]
- 871 - City sacked during Zanj Rebellion.[1][5]
- 923 - Qaramitah conflict.[4]
- 10th century - Public library active.[6]
- 1052 - Traveller Nasir Khusraw visits city.[6]
- 1122 - Imad ad-Din Zengi in power.
- 1123 - City wall rebuilt.[6]
- 1258 - City sacked by Mongols.[3]
- 1327 - Traveller Ibn Battuta visits city.[1]
- 1411 - Kara Koyunlu in power.
- 1534 - Ottomans in power.[4]
- 1546 - Ottomans in power.[1]
- 1547 - Basra Eyalet (administrative region) formed.[1]
- 1556 - Portuguese attempt to take city.[1]
- 1596 - Afrasiyab becomes governor.[4]
- 1604 - Population: 50,000 (approximate); number of houses: 10,000 (approximate).[7][8]
- 1645 - English factory in business.[1]
- 1694 - Muntafiq tribes in power.[1]
- 1733 - City becomes part of Baghdad Eyalet (administrative region).[4]
- 1763 - British East India Company in business.[1]
- 1773 - Epidemic.[1]
- 1777 - City besieged by Persian forces led by Sadiq Khan Zand.[9]
- 1779 - Turks in power.[5]
- 1823 - Population: 55,000 (approximate).[10]
- 1832 - Muhammad Ali of Egypt in power.[5]
- 1840 - Turks in power.[5]
- 1865 - Baghdad-Basra telegraph begins operating.[11]
- 1884 - Basra Vilayet (administrative region) formed.[9]
20th century
- 1901 - Consulate of Russia established.[1]
- 1910 - Cholera and bubonic plague outbreak.[12]
- 1911
- 1913 - Reform Society of Basra founded.[13]
- 1914 - Battle of Basra (1914); British in power.
- 1915 - April: Turkish forces attempt to take city.[1]
- 1919 - Baghdad-Basra Railway in operation.[1]
- 1920
- 1964 - University of Basrah established.[1]
- 1967 - Basrah Medical College established.
- 1982 - July: Iranian forces attempt to take city.[1]
- 1984 - Iranian forces attempt to take city.[1]
- 1987 - January–February: Iranian forces attempt to take city.
- 1991
- 1 March: Uprising against Saddam Hussein.
- Marsh Arab population in city expands.[1]
- 1999
- 25 January: Bombing by United States forces.
- Uprising.
21st century
- 2003
- March–April: Battle of Basra (2003); British forces in power.
- August: Oil strike.
- 2004 - 21 April 2004 Basra bombings.
- 2005 - July: Oil strike.
- 2007
- 2008 - Battle of Basra (2008).
- 2011 - 2011 Basra bombings.
- 2012 - 14 January 2012 Basra bombing.[17]
See also
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Bruce Stanley (2008), "Basrah", in Michael R.T. Dumper; Bruce E. Stanley, Cities of the Middle East and North Africa, Santa Barbara, USA: ABC-CLIO, p. 72+
- 1 2 A. J. Naji; Y. N. Ali (1981). "The Suqs of Basrah: Commercial Organization and Activity in a Medieval Islamic City". Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 24.
- 1 2 "Basra". Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art & Architecture. Oxford University Press. 2009.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Thabit A. J. Abdullah (2001), Merchants, Mamluks, and Murder: The Political Economy of Trade in Eighteenth-Century Basra, State University of New York Press, ISBN 9780791448076, 079144807X
- 1 2 3 4 R. Hartmann (1913). "al-Basra". Encyclopaedia of Islam. Leiden.
- 1 2 3 Guy Le Strange (1905). "(Al-Basrah)". Lands of the Eastern Caliphate. Cambridge University Press.
- ↑ Rudi Matthee (2006). "Between Arabs, Turks and Iranians: The Town of Basra, 1600-1700". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London 69. doi:10.1017/s0041977x06000036.
- ↑ Pedro Teixeira (1902), "(Basora)", The travels of Pedro Teixeira, Translated by William F. Sinclair, London: Printed for the Hakluyt Society
- 1 2 "Basra", Encyclopaedia Britannica (11th ed.), New York, 1910, OCLC 14782424
- ↑ Jedidiah Morse; Richard C. Morse (1823), "Bassora", A New Universal Gazetteer (4th ed.), New Haven: S. Converse
- ↑ Soli Shahvar (2003). "Tribes and Telegraphs in Lower Iraq: The Muntafiq and the Baghdad-Basrah Telegraph Line of 1863-65". Middle Eastern Studies 39.
- 1 2 3 "Al Basra". Persian Gulf Pilot. Washington DC: Government Printing Office. 1920.
- ↑ Eliezer Tauber (1989). "Sayyid Talib and the Young Turks in Basra". Middle Eastern Studies 25.
- ↑ "Second Sunni Mosque Is Blown Up in Basra". New York Times. 16 June 2007. Retrieved 3 February 2013.
- ↑ "UK troops return Basra to Iraqis". BBC News. 16 December 2007. Retrieved 3 February 2013.
- ↑ "Basrah". Inter-Agency Information and Analysis Unit. Retrieved 2 February 2013.
- ↑ Encyclopaedia Britannica Book of the Year. 2013. ISBN 978-1-62513-103-4.
Further reading
- Published in the 17th-19th century
- Jean Baptiste Tavernier (1676). "Suite de la mesme route depuis Bagdat jusqua Balsara". Les Six Voyages (in French). Paris.
- Jacques Savary des Brûlons (1748). "Bassora". Dictionnaire universel de commerce (in French) (New ed.). Paris: Estienne et fils.
- Domenico Sestini (1798). "Arrivee et sejour a Bassora". Voyage de Constantinople à Bassora en 1781 (in French). Paris.
- James Hingston Tuckey (1815). "Bussora". Maritime Geography and Statistics. London: Black, Parry, and Co.
- William Milburn; Thomas Thornton (1825). "Bussorah". Oriental Commerce. London: Kingsbury, Parbury, and Allen.
- J. R. Wellsted (1840), "(Busrah)", Travels to the City of the Caliphs, along the Shores of the Persian Gulf and the Mediterranean, London: H. Colburn, OCLC 5395027
- "Bassora". Ainsworth's Magazine (London). 1846.
- Al Hariri of Basra (1850). "The Makamah of the Mosque Beni Haram". Makamat: Or, Rhetorical Anecdotes. Translated by Theodore Preston. London: Oriental Translation Fund.. Also: The Makamah of Basra.
- James Horsburgh (1852). "Persian Gulf: Basra". India Directory: Or, Directions for Sailing to and from the East Indies, China, Australia, and the Interjacent Ports of Africa and South America (6th ed.). London: William H. Allen & Co. – via Google Books.
- Edward Balfour, ed. (1871). "Bassorah". Cyclopaedia of India and of Eastern and Southern Asia (2nd ed.). Madras.
- Vital Cuinet (1894). "Bassorah". La Turquie d'Asie (in French). Paris: Leroux.
- Max Freiherr von Oppenheim (1899), "(Basra)", Vom Mittelmeer zum Persischen Golf (in German), Berlin: D. Reimer (E. Vohsen), OCLC 13166400
- Published in the 20th century
- Leone Caetani (1905), "14 a.H. (al-Basrah etc.)", Annali dell'Islam (in Italian), Milano: Hoepli
- Hamdallah Mustawfi (1910). Tarikh-i guzida. Translated by Edward G Browne.. (Includes description of Basra in the 14th century).
- Khoury (1992). "Iraqi Cities during the Early Ottoman Period: Mosul and Basra". Arab Historical Review for Ottoman Studies.
- Published in the 21st century
- Josef W. Meri, ed. (2006). "Basra". Medieval Islamic Civilization. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-96691-7.
- C Edmund Bosworth, ed. (2007). "Basra". Historic Cities of the Islamic World. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill. p. 49+.
- Gabor Agoston; Bruce Alan Masters (2009). "Basra". Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire. Facts on File. ISBN 978-1-4381-1025-7.
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Basra. |
- "Mosques Architecture in Basra". Basra Governate.
- "Al Basrah Province Landmarks". BasrahCouncils.org.
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Coordinates: 30°30′N 47°49′E / 30.500°N 47.817°E
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