Ties that Bind, Ties that Break
"Ties that Bind, Ties that Break" is a historical novel written by Chinese-American author Lensey Namioka and published in 1999. Set in early twentieth-century China, the story follows a girl named Ailin who refuses to have her feet bound, which comes to affect her future. Two girls, bound by friendship, defy the ancient traditions of their class and heritage and emerge as young women of indomitable spirit. The sequel is An Ocean Apart, A World Away, which follows the story of Ailin's friend, Xueyan.
In 2004 this novel won the California Young Reader Medal in the Young Adult category.
Plot overview
Tao Ailin, (Also called Eileen) the main character of Ties That Bind, Ties That Break, is born into the Tao family at a time when China is in great turmoil. Her story is told in a flashback; as a young woman, she meets her childhood fiance, Hanwei, again and begins to recall how she became the wife of a Chinese restaurant owner in California named James Chew.
In 1911, Ailin is a spirited girl from a strict family and is expected to have her feet bound in preparation for marriage. Foreigners in China gradually erode the traditions of the Chinese empire by introducing western philosophies; Ailin's father is one such man to perceive that the traditions that have preserved the power of the Chinese empire will not last much longer (a revolution).
When Ailin is five, she is engaged to Liu Hanwei, a 7-year-old boy who is to be educated in a western school. They become friends, especially when Hanwei promises to teach her all the things he learns in public school. They are a well-matched pair and their families become close; Ailin is fortunate that her future mother-in-law genuinely likes Ailin. However, when the time comes for Ailin's feet to be bound, she refuses and the engagement is broken off. Ailin's father accepts Ailin's desire to keep her feet unbound, despite the fact it will make it harder for her to marry, and it will make life harder for her in general.
When she grows older, her father sends Ailin to a western public school called Macintosh, where Ailin learns many of the things that Hanwei once promised to teach her. Ailin is an exceptional student, especially in English lessons since she has the ability to imitate any language perfectly, and she finds a friend a girl with unbound feet named Xueyan (also known as Sheila,) a student who has ambitions to become a doctor. However, Ailin's education becomes a point of difficulty with the rest of her family, as educated girls are also undesirable for marriage and the school fees are expensive.
Ailin's father dies of tuberculosis when she is twelve and she loses the only support she has in her family and cannot continue with school any longer because of new head of her family, her uncle (also known as big uncle). Unable to find a man willing to marry her, her uncle, her father's older brother and the head of the family since Grandmother dies of a paralyzing stroke, offers her the choices of becoming a concubine for another family, marrying a farmer, or becoming a nun. Ailin chooses none of the given options and is thrown out of the family, saved from her uncle's wrath only out of Uncle's respect and love for Ailin's father. With the help of her English teacher, Miss Gilbertson, Ailin finds work as an amah (governess) for the Warners, an American or foreigner family. When the Warner family moves briefly to the United States, Ailin leaves Shanghai with them with the blessings of her uncle.
On the boat to California, Ailin meets a young man named James Chew and they fall in love. When the Warners decide to return to China, Ailin chooses to remain in California to marry James and help him run his restaurant. Years later, Hanwei appears in the restaurant, reunited with Ailin for the second time since their engagement was broken. After Ailin relates her story to Hanwei, he reveals that his mother, who broke off their engagement, eventually relented and would have let Hanwei marry Ailin and she could have lived in comfort. While Ailin admits her life has not been easy, she is happy and proud of all the work she has done in her life.