Thomas Perez

Thomas Perez
26th United States Secretary of Labor
Assumed office
July 23, 2013
President Barack Obama
Deputy Chris Lu
Preceded by Seth Harris (acting)
Assistant United States Attorney General
for the Civil Rights Division
In office
October 8, 2009 – July 23, 2013
President Barack Obama
Preceded by Wan Kim
Succeeded by Joycelyn Samuels (Acting)
Secretary of the Maryland Department of Labor, Licensing and Regulation
In office
March 15, 2007 – October 7, 2009
Governor Martin O'Malley
Preceded by James Fielder
Succeeded by Alexander Sanchez
Personal details
Born Thomas Edward Perez
(1961-10-07) October 7, 1961
Buffalo, New York, U.S.
Political party Democratic
Spouse(s) Ann Marie Staudenmaier
Children Amalia
Susana
Rafael
Alma mater Brown University
Harvard University
Religion Roman Catholicism
Signature

Thomas Edward Perez (born October 7, 1961) is an American politician, consumer advocate and civil rights lawyer who is the current United States Secretary of Labor. A member of the Democratic Party, Perez previously served as the Assistant Attorney General for the Civil Rights Division of the United States Department of Justice.

Born in Buffalo, New York, Perez is a graduate of Brown University and Harvard Law School. Perez worked as a law clerk for the U.S. District Court for the District of Colorado before serving in the Department of Justice from 1989 to 1995, where he worked as a federal prosecutor, and as Deputy Assistant Attorney General for Civil Rights under Attorney General Janet Reno. He worked as a Special Counselor for Senator Ted Kennedy until 1998 when he served as the Director of the Office for Civil Rights at the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services in the final years of the Clinton administration.

Perez was then elected to the Montgomery County (Maryland) Council in 2002, serving as the council's president from 2005, until the end of his tenure in 2006. He attempted to run for the Democratic nomination for Attorney General of Maryland, but was disqualified for technical reasons.[1] Perez was appointed by Maryland Governor Martin O'Malley to serve as Secretary of the Maryland Department of Labor, Licensing and Regulation in January 2007, until his October 2009 confirmation by the United States Senate as Assistant Attorney General.

On March 18, 2013, Perez was nominated by President Barack Obama to be the United States Secretary of Labor, replacing outgoing Secretary Hilda Solis. He was confirmed by the Senate on July 18 and sworn in on July 23, 2013.

Early life and education

Thomas Edward Perez was born and raised in Buffalo, New York, to parents Rafael and Grace (née Brache) Perez, who were both first-generation Dominican immigrants.[2] His father Rafael, who earned U.S. citizenship after enlisting in the U.S. Army after World War II, worked as a doctor in Atlanta, Georgia before moving to Buffalo where he worked as a physician at a VA hospital.[3] His mother, Grace, came to the United States in 1930 after her father, Rafael Brache, was appointed as the Dominican Republic's Ambassador to the United States. She later remained in the U.S. after Ambassador Brache was declared persona non grata by his own government, for speaking out against Dominican President Rafael Trujillo's regime.[4] Perez, who was the youngest of four brother and sisters (all of whom followed their father in becoming physicians),[5] suffered the loss of their father when he died of a heart attack, when Perez was 12 years old.[6] He graduated from Canisius High School, an all male Roman Catholic Jesuit private school, in 1979.[7]

Perez received his Bachelor of Arts in international relations and political science from Brown University in 1983.[8] Perez covered the cost of attending Brown with scholarships and Pell Grants and by working as a trash collector and in a warehouse.[9][10] He also worked in Brown's dining hall and for the Rhode Island Commission for Human Rights.[11][12] In 1987, he received a Juris Doctor cum laude from Harvard Law School and a Master of Public Policy from the John F. Kennedy School of Government.[13] In 1986, during his time at Harvard, Perez worked as a law clerk for then Attorney General Edwin Meese.[14]

Early career

After graduating from Harvard, Perez worked as a law clerk for Judge Zita Weinshienk of the United States District Court for the District of Colorado from 1987 to 1989.[15]

From 1989 to 1995, he worked as a federal prosecutor in the Department of Justice's Civil Rights Division.[16] In that role, he prosecuted and supervised the prosecution of civil rights cases, including a Texas case involving a gang of white supremacists who went on a crime spree directed at African Americans.[17] He later served as Deputy Assistant Attorney General for Civil Rights under Attorney General Janet Reno.[18] Among other responsibilities, Perez chaired the inter-agency Worker Exploitation Task Force, which oversaw a variety of initiatives designed to protect vulnerable workers.[19]

From 1995 until 1998, Perez worked as Democratic Massachusetts Senator Ted Kennedy's principal adviser on civil rights, criminal justice, and constitutional issues.[20] For the final two years of the Clinton administration, he worked as the Director of the Office for Civil Rights at the United States Department of Health and Human Services.[21]

From 2001 until 2007, Perez was a professor at the University of Maryland School of Law, where he taught in the clinical law and law and health program.[22] He was also a part-time member of the faculty at the George Washington University School of Public Health.[23]

Montgomery County Council

In 2002, Perez ran for the county council of Montgomery County, Maryland from its 5th district, which covers Silver Spring, Kensington, Takoma Park, and Wheaton. His main challenge was the Democratic primary, where he faced Sally Sternbach, the head of the Silver Spring Citizens Advisory Board and the Greater Silver Spring's Chamber of Commerce.[24] He beat Sternbach with the support of the AFL-CIO and other labor groups.[24][25] He faced Republican Dennis E. Walsh in general election and won with 76% of the vote, becoming the first Latino elected to the Council.[26]

He served from 2002 to 2006.[27] During his tenure, Perez served on the committees for Health and Humans Services, and Transportation and the Environment.[28] He also served as council president from 2004 to 2005.[29] Alongside council member Mike Subin, Perez pushed for legislation limiting predatory lending.[30] The law allowed the county's Commission on Human Rights to investigate and prosecute loan brokers and third party lenders engaging in predatory lending, raised the cap on compensation for victims, and required the commission to release an annual report on discriminatory and subprime lending in the county.[31]

Perez opposed the privatization of the nonprofit health insurer CareFirst, a non-stock holding, independent licensee of the Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association; providing coverage in Maryland, Delaware, Washington D.C. and Virginia.[32][33] He lobbied for support on the county council and in the Maryland General Assembly against the sale of CareFirst to Wellpoint Health Networks, Inc.[32] He led the council to an anonymous decision against the acquisition, leading to the rejection of the merger by Maryland's Commissioner of Insurance.[34]

In 2004, Perez, and fellow council member Marilyn Praisner, introduced an initiative to provide affordable prescription drugs for county employees and retirees.[35] Setting up a voluntary program to import high-quality, lower priced prescription drugs from suppliers in Canada approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).[36] The initiative was overwhelmingly passed by the council, though Montgomery County was denied a waiver by the FDA thorough the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act;[37] leading to a lawsuit by Montgomery County against Health and Human Services Secretary Michael Leavitt, where the U.S. District Court for Maryland granted the FDA the right to dismiss.[38]

Maryland Attorney General campaign

After speculation arose that 20-year incumbent Attorney General of Maryland J. Joseph Curran, Jr. would announce his retirement in 2006, Perez was seen as a top contender to replace him as Attorney General.[39] On May 23, 2006, after Curran formally announced he wouldn't run for re-election, Perez officially launched his candidacy for Attorney General, in a three city tour alongside former Maryland Attorney General and United States Attorney Stephen H. Sachs.[40] He was also backed by labor groups, such as Maryland's State Teachers Association and the Service Employees International Union.[40]

Perez's main challengers were Montgomery County State's Attorney Doug Gansler and Stuart O. Simms, a Baltimore lawyer who formerly served as Secretary of the Maryland Department of Public Safety and Correctional Services.[41] Gansler, who saw an early start in campaign contributions, raised over $1.4 million, compared to Perez's $200,000.[42]

Amid the campaign, questions were raised over whether Perez was permitted to run under Maryland's State Constitution, due to a requirement that candidates for attorney general must have at least 10 years of previous experience practicing law in Maryland; Perez only became a member of the Maryland State Bar Association in 2001.[43] The lawsuit was filed by Stephen N. Abrams, a member of the Montgomery County Board of Education and the 2006 Republican candidate for Comptroller of Maryland.[44] Abrams argued that it was "absolutely wrong to say that Perez met the 10-year requirement," after he was cleared by the Maryland State Board of Elections, and received legal advice from Attorney General Curran, who said that his time as a federal prosecutor in Maryland seemingly met the requirement.[45] The lawsuit, which was brought before the Anne Arundel County Circuit Court, was ultimately rejected two months before the primary; though Abrams appealed, bringing the case before the Maryland Court of Appeals.[46] After the case was brought before Maryland's highest court, Perez's bid for Attorney General was rejected.[47] Perez shifted his resources to support Martin O'Malley in his 2006 campaign for Governor of Maryland.[48]

Maryland Secretary of Labor

After his failed campaign for attorney general, in January 2007, newly elected Governor Martin O'Malley selected Perez to run the Maryland Department of Labor, Licensing and Regulation.[49]

In that role, Perez led efforts to target Maryland companies who were engaging in workplace fraud; imposing new restrictions on the employee misclassification as independent contractors.[50] He helped with the implementation of H.R. 1590, the Workplace Fraud Act of 2009, imposing penalties for employers who falsely classify their employees as independent contractors; primarily leading to tax evasion by the employers, and the denial of worker protections and health insurance benefits to employees.[51] In May 2009, Governor O'Malley signed the Workplace Fraud Act, with Perez saying that the act would "ensure that employers who attempt to cheat the system, their workers and their competitors, will pay a steep price for their actions."[52]

Perez's Official Portrait as Maryland's Secretary of DLLR

After then-Governor Robert Ehrlich vetoed an attempt to implement a living wage law in Maryland in 2004,[53] Perez helped lead the reintroduction of a similar bill in 2007.[54] After the bill passed and was signed by Governor O'Malley, Perez announced new provisions for out of state contractors and subcontractors doing business in Maryland, subjecting them to the same standards as in state businesses.[55]

Perez was a top adviser to O'Malley on Maryland's healthcare workforce shortage.[56] Perez helped develop a plan relieving the chronic shortage of nurses in Maryland, allowing immigrants who have nursing qualifications in their home countries, to have their certifications count towards becoming a registered nurse in the state.[57]

Perez served as co-chair of the Maryland Workforce Creation and Adult Education Transition Council, alongside Maryland State Superintendent of Schools Nancy S. Grasmick, after Governor O'Malley moved the Maryland Adult Education and Literacy Services Program, the adult correctional education and GED Testing Office from the Department of Education, to the Department of Labor.[58] The council oversaw the extensive transition process, while commissioning a report on proposals to revamp the state the adult education system and identifying inefficiencies in the state correctional education budget.[59] Though the shift of the programs to the DLLR was proposed to "allow the state to save money and create a more unified workforce system,"[60] the decision was criticized by adult education providers in the state[61] and was seen as a political move by O'Malley to undermine the control of the agency from Superintendent Grasmich.[62]

During his first term as Governor, O'Malley pushed proposals to expand gambling in Maryland, with Perez spearheading the legalization of slot machines in the state.[63] The legislation was a central part of a plan to raise revenue to close Maryland's budget deficit (keeping revenue from crossing state lines), though Perez was criticized by many in his own party as the measure was seen as a regressive way to raise revenue.[64] Perez commissioned a report led by the DLLR[65] arguing that that the legalization of slots would be necessary to preserve Maryland's horse racing and breeding industries, with new revenue helping to address the issues of public education and school construction.[66] The plan was approved in a state referendum by voters in the 2008 election, allowing 15,000 new slot machines in the state.[67]

Assistant Attorney General for Civil Rights

Perez's official Justice Department portrait

On March 31, 2009, President Barack Obama nominated Perez to be Assistant Attorney General for the Civil Rights Division of the United States Department of Justice.[68] The Senate Judiciary Committee held a hearing on Perez's nomination on April 29, 2009, and on June 4, 2009, the committee voted 17-2 to send Perez's nomination to the full Senate.[69] According to Main Justice, an independent, non-partisan news Web site, Perez's nomination languished for several months amid questions by Republican senators about his record on immigration matters and by controversy over the Obama Justice Department's dismissal of a voter intimidation case against the militant New Black Panther Party.[70] Senator Patrick Leahy (D-VT) characterized the opposition as foot-dragging and "posturing for narrow special interests."[71] The full United States Senate ultimately confirmed Perez on October 6, 2009 in a bipartisan 72-22 vote.[72] Only two Senators spoke out against the nomination: Tom Coburn (R-OK) and David Vitter (R-LA).[71]

Perez revamped Justice Department efforts in pursuing federal settlements and consent agreements under the Americans With Disabilities Act.[73] One of Perez's main focuses was on the discrimination of individuals with HIV/AIDS, saying that it is "critical that we continue to work to eradicate discriminatory and stigmatizing treatment towards individuals with HIV based on unfounded fears and stereotypes."[74]

Perez oversaw the division responsible of the implementation, and training of local enforcement in response of the passage of the Matthew Shepard and James Byrd, Jr. Hate Crimes Prevention Act;[75] including overseeing the first hate crime conviction under the law, in the racially motivated murder of James Craig Anderson.[76] Perez endorsed the Employment Non-Discrimination Act in 2009, citing it one of his "top priorities,"[77] and at his first testimony after being confirmed as Assistant Attorney General, he said that "LGBT individuals not being currently protected against discrimination in the workplace is perhaps one of the most gaping holes in our nation’s civil rights laws."[78]

Student discrimination

In 2009, the Civil Rights Division under Perez's tenure filed suit against two schools in New York for "alleged violations of the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution and Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972."[79] The plaintiff, a 14-year-old High School student from Mohawk, New York, who "dyes his hair, and wears make-up and nail polish,"[80] was subjected to verbal sex-based harassment and was "threatened, intimidated, and physically assaulted based on his non-masculine expression."[80] In J.L. v Mohawk Central School District, the settlement required the school district to begin "training staff in appropriate ways to address harassment," to "review its policies and procedures governing harassment" and "report to the New York Civil Liberties Union (who previously represented the student in the lawsuit), as well as the Department of Justice, on these efforts as well as its ongoing response".[81] This was the first time since the Clinton administration that Title IX was applied to gender identity discrimination.[82]

The Civil Rights Division reached a settlement with the Anoka-Hennepin School District in the Minneapolis–Saint Paul metropolitan area, after the districts school board voted to repeal its policy prohibiting teachers from mentioning homosexuality in the classroom.[83] Students who brought the lawsuit accused the district of creating a "hostile, anti-gay environment" and not doing enough to protect LGBT students.[84] Perez praised the school board's decision, saying that the settlement is a "comprehensive blueprint for sustainable reform that will enhance the district's policies, training and other efforts to ensure that every student is free from sex-based harassment."[85]

After a "comprehensive investigation" by the Civil Rights Division of a juvenile facility in Lauderdale County, Mississippi, Perez’s division found multiple violations of due process and Miranda rights of African-American and disabled students at Meridian, Mississippi schools by the Lauderdale County Youth Court, the Meridian Police Department and the Mississippi Division of Youth Services.[86] The investigation described local and state authorities of running a “school-to-prison pipeline,”[87] by incarcerating students for minor school disciplinary infractions, such as violating school dress code guidelines.[88] The Justice Department found a pattern of the Mississippi authorities failing to assess probable cause that unlawful offenses against the students had been committed, and that students were held in jail without the benefit of a hearing, a lawyer or Miranda rights;[86] with Perez saying that “the systematic disregard for children’s basic constitutional rights by agencies with a duty to protect and serve these children betrays the public trust.”[89]

Police discrimination

Perez giving a speech in Washington D.C.

After the shooting death of Florida teenager Trayvon Martin, by George Zimmerman in Sanford, Florida in 2012, Perez was brought in by Representative Alcee Hastings and Sanford Mayor Jeff Triplet to investigate the police department's handling of the case.[90] A full-scale investigation was later launched by the Civil Rights Division, where Perez led an inquiry on the shooting investigation. After a thorough investigation was promised by Attorney General Eric Holder, Perez went to Florida, meeting with U.S. Attorney Robert O'Neil, family members of Trayvon Martin and local officials to investigate if the shooting was a racially motivated hate crime.[91] The Justice Department launched a probe into Sanford police chief Bill Lee, where he was later fired two months after the beginning of the investigation.[92]

After homeless Native American woodcarver, John T. Williams, was fatally shot by the Seattle Police Department in 2010, Perez led an eight-month investigation into the use of excessive force by the SPD.[93] After the end of the Division’s investigation, along with Jenny Durkan, the U.S. Attorney for the District of Western Washington, Perez released a report citing “constitutional violations regarding the use of force that result from structural problems, as well as serious concerns about biased policing” by the SPD.[94] A settlement was later reached between the Civil Rights Division and the city of Seattle; requiring the city to create a Community Police Commission, have the SPD under the supervision of an independent, court-appointed monitor and encouraging police officers to de-escalate nonviolent confrontations by decreasing their use of force.[95]

Maricopa County, Arizona investigation

In June 2008, the Civil Rights Division opened an investigation into the Maricopa County Sheriff's Office (MCSO) and Sheriff Joe Arpaio, after allegations that the MCSO was engaged in a pattern of practice of unlawful conduct.[96]

An expanded investigation leading into Perez's tenure over "discriminatory police practices and unconstitutional searches and seizures,"[97] led to a lawsuit by the Justice Department after Arpaio rejected the Department's request for documents regarding the investigation; becoming the first time that the federal government sued a local law enforcement agency concerning Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, since the 1970s.[98][99]

Perez released a 22-page report[96] on discriminatory and racial biases against Latinos by the MCSO, and Arpaio.[100] The report found that the MCSO mistreated and used racial slurs against Spanish-speaking inmates; Latino drivers were four to nine times more likely than non-Latino drivers to be stopped in identical non-criminal instances; 20% of stops and seizures, almost all of them involving Latinos, were legally unjustified, violating the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution; and the MCSO and sheriff's deputies engaged in retaliation against individuals who participated in demonstrations against the office’s policies regarding immigration.[96] Arpaio was also found to have used racial and ethnic description, such as "individuals with dark skin" and "individuals speaking Spanish" as justification for immigration raids on businesses and homes; overlooking criminal activity as vindication for immigration raids led by the MCSO.[101]

In May 2012, after the end of a three-year investigation, Perez led his division in a lawsuit against Maricopa County, the MCSO and Arpaio, for violating Section 14141 of the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 and Title VI of the Civil Rights Act.[102] Though the suit was criticized by Arpaio as a political move by the Obama administration,[103] Perez called the suit an "abuse-of-power case involving a sheriff and sheriff's office that disregarded the Constitution, ignored sound police practices, compromised public safety and did not hesitate to retaliate against his perceived critics."[104]

Voting rights

Voter I.D. laws

The Obama administration directed Perez and the Civil Rights Division in challenging South Carolina’s 2011 voter ID law, over concerns that the law violated Section 5 of the Voting Rights Act of 1965.[105] Perez successfully blocked the law from taking effect, after the Justice Department alleged South Carolina of failing to prove that the law wouldn't have a disproportionate effect on minority voters.[106] In a letter to South Carolina’s Deputy Assistant Attorney General, C. Havird Jones, Jr.,[107] Perez questioned whether 81,000 registered voters, all of whom minorities who didn’t have government issued or military photo identification, would be able to exercise their right to vote, citing “significant racial disparities in the proposed photo identification requirement."[107]

Perez also oversaw the Obama administration’s efforts in challenging a 2011 voter ID law signed by Texas Governor Rick Perry; being the second voter ID law consequently found to have violated Section 5 of the Voting Rights Act.[108] Addressing the Supreme Court case Crawford v. Marion County Election Board, where the court upheld the constitutionality of Indiana’s photo ID requirement, Perez argued that “[Texas’s] submission did not include evidence of significant in-person voter impersonation not already addressed by the state's existing laws.”[109] Perez also stressed data from the Texas Department of Public Safety that found that registered Hispanic voters were 46.5% to 120% less likely than non-Hispanic voters to have a government issued driver’s license or state required photo ID.[110][111][112]

New Black Panther Party case

On May 14, 2010, Perez testified to the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights that political leadership was not involved in the decision to dismiss three of the four defendants in the NBPP case. However, on March 12, 2013, the Department of Justice Inspector General released a report stating that Perez's testimony did not reflect the entire story, as AAG Perelli and DAAG Sam Hirsch were involved in consultations on the case. However, the Inspector General found that Perez did not know about these consultations at the time of his testimony, and therefore he did not intentionally mislead the commission. However, because of his role as a Department witness, the Inspector General believed that Perez should have inquired further on this issue before testifying.[113]

In the same report, the Inspector General found that the Civil Rights department exhibited a clear priority in enforcing the motor-voter provisions of the NVRA over the list-maintenance provisions. However, the Inspector General did not find sufficient evidence to include that these differences in enforcement were for political reasons.[113] In particular, they found that Perez sent letters about list-maintenance enforcement in December 2010, so as not to be viewed as interfering with the 2010 elections.[113] However, this letter provided no guidance on how states were to enforce list-maintenance procedures, instead leaving it up to the states.[114] Overall, the report stated that: "The conduct that we discovered and document in this report reflects a disappointing lack of professionalism by some Department employees over an extended period of time, during two administrations, and across various facets of the Voting Section’s operations."[113]

Controversy

On April 15, 2013, members of the U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, U.S. Senate Committee on the Judiciary, and U.S. House Committee on the Judiciary released a joint staff report accusing Perez of serious misconduct. According to the report, Perez brokered a secretive, back-room agreement with the mayor of St. Paul, Minnesota. Under the agreement, St. Paul would dismiss its then-pending appeal before the U.S. Supreme Court in the case of Magner v. Gallagher, and Perez would have the U.S. Department of Justice drop two lawsuits against the city. Those two lawsuits accused St. Paul of fraudulently acquiring federal funds that were part of the federal "stimulus" program, and in those cases the federal government could have recovered up to $200 million of taxpayer money that St. Paul allegedly acquired by fraud. Perez wanted St. Paul to dismiss the Magner lawsuit because the lawsuit argued that the federal Fair Housing Act of 1968 does not create liability under a controversial legal doctrine known as disparate impact, and the Supreme Court seemed likely to accept that argument. According to the congressional report, Perez's conduct relating to that agreement likely violated the federal False Claims Act and Perez's duties of loyalty and confidentiality to the United States, duties which arise under rules of ethics and professional responsibility.

Secretary of Labor

Nomination and confirmation

President Barack Obama and Assistant Attorney General Thomas Perez during Perez's nomination for Secretary of Labor.

On March 18, 2013, President Barack Obama nominated Perez for the position of United States Secretary of Labor, succeeding outgoing Secretary Hilda Solis.[115]

Perez's nomination was criticized by Senators Chuck Grassley (R-IA) and Pat Roberts (R-KS),[116] as well as The Wall Street Journal editorial board,[117] for his decision not to intervene in a whistleblower case against Saint Paul, Minnesota in return for the city dropping a case before the Supreme Court (Magner v. Gallagher), which could have undermined the disparate impact theory of discrimination.[118] His nomination was also opposed by Senator Jeff Sessions (R-AL) for his views on immigration and his association with Casa de Maryland, calling the nomination "an unfortunate and needlessly divisive nomination".[119][120] Perez's nomination was supported by Senator Tom Harkin (D-IA), the Chairman of the U.S. Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions (the committee that oversees the United States Department of Labor).[121] His nomination was also supported by labor groups, such as the AFL-CIO and the United Farm Workers of America,[122][123] as well as the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People and the National Women's Law Center.[124][125]

Thomas Perez at his Senate confirmation hearing for Secretary of Labor.

Before his hearing, Republican members of the United States House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform subpoenaed Perez's personal e-mails[126] and released a 64-page report[127] into Perez's actions in the St. Paul whistleblower case, saying that Perez "manipulated justice and ignored the rule of law".[128]

At his confirmation hearing on April 18, 2013,[129] Perez was questioned for his involvement in Magner v. Gallagher and the NBPP case, as well as the Obama administration's plan to raise the minimum wage from $7.25, to $9 an hour.[130]

After his nomination was pushed back to May 8, 2013 to give Senate Democrats more time to review Perez's role in Magner v. Gallagher,[131] it was ultimately pushed back to a May 16 committee vote,[132] where Perez's nomination cleared the Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee, in a party line vote of 12-10.[133] Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid (D-NV) postponed until July a full Senate vote on his nomination.[134]

Amid a push by Senate Democrats in July 2013 to eliminate the filibuster for all executive-branch nominees, senators struck a deal to pave the way for a final, up-or-down vote on Perez's nomination. With that, senators on July 17, 2013 voted 60-40 for cloture on Perez's nomination, thus formally ending the filibuster of his nomination.[135] On July 18, 2013, the Senate voted 54-46 to confirm Perez as secretary of Labor.[136] It was the first Senate Confirmation, in the history of the United States, where his confirmation was strictly by a party-line vote, an issue noted by many press observers as "historic."[137]

Personal life

Perez lives in Takoma Park, Maryland with his wife Ann Marie Staudenmaier, an attorney with the Washington Legal Clinic for the Homeless, and their three children.

Awards

In 2014 Perez received an honorary Doctorate of Laws from Brown University.[138]

On May 21, 2014, Perez received an honorary Doctorate of Laws from Drexel University School of Law.[139]

In May 2014, Perez was given an honorary Doctorate of Humanities from Oberlin College.[140]

See also

References

  1. ↑ http://www.ourcampaigns.com/NewsDetail.html?NewsID=34812
  2. ↑ Dominican American National Roundtable (November 14, 2009). "DANR President Attends Installation Ceremony of Thomas E. Perez as US Assistant Attorney General". danr.org.
  3. ↑ United States Government Printing Office (June 24, 2009). "HEARINGS before the COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY UNITED STATES SENATE ONE HUNDRED ELEVENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION". gpo.gov.
  4. ↑ Cameron W. Barr (April 3, 2005). "Council Chief Builds a Base In the New Montgomery". washingtonpost.com.
  5. ↑ Aamer Madhani (March 18, 2013). "Obama picks Perez to head Labor Department". usatoday.com.
  6. ↑ Peter Baker (March 17, 2013). "Obama Nominates Justice Aide for Labor Post". nytimes.com.
  7. ↑ "Assistant Attorney General Tom Perez '79 to address Downtowners in October". canisiushigh.org. October 27, 2012.
  8. ↑ Mathias Heller; Brown University (March 18, 2013). "Obama to nominate Perez for Labor Secretary slot". The Brown Daily Herald.
  9. ↑ Mike Allen (March 18, 2013). "RNC REBOOT: immigration reform; engaging Hispanics, Asians, African Americans; catching up to Dems' digital supremacy -- AILES book excerpts". politico.com.
  10. ↑ Roberta Rampton, Rachelle Younglai (March 18, 2013). "Obama's labor pick Perez faces Republican scrutiny". reuters.com.
  11. ↑ Dominican American National Roundtable (October 8, 2009). "DANR Applauds Confirmation of Tom Perez as Assistant Attorney General for the U.S. Civil Rights Division". danr.org.
  12. ↑ United States Government Printing Office (December 16, 2009). "THE LAW OF THE LAND: U.S. IMPLEMENTATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS TREATIES HEARING before the SUBCOMMITTEE ON HUMAN RIGHTS AND THE LAW of the COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY UNITED STATES SENATE ONE HUNDRED ELEVENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION". gpo.gov.
  13. ↑ "Civil Rights in 2010 and Beyond: Tom Perez ’87 & the Future of Civil Rights Work". law.harvard.edu. October 26, 2010.
  14. ↑ "Department of Justice STATEMENT OF THOMAS E. PEREZ ASSISTANT ATTORNEY GENERAL CIVIL RIGHTS DIVISION BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON THE CONSTITUTION COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY UNITED STATES HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OVERSIGHT HEARING ON THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE CIVIL RIGHTS DIVISION" (PDF). justice.gov. July 26, 2012.
  15. ↑ Department of Justice Office of Public Affairs (October 9, 2009). "Attorney General Eric Holder Welcomes Thomas E. Perez as Assistant Attorney General for the Civil Rights Division". justice.gov.
  16. ↑ Associated Press (March 18, 2013). "Biographical information for Thomas Perez". lasvegassun.com.
  17. ↑ University of Maryland (October 17, 2008). "Md. Officials To Discuss 'Slots' Ballot Question at UM Forum". umd.edu.
  18. ↑ Northeastern Illinois University (April 2010). "CIVIL RIGHTS ACTIVIST THOMAS PEREZ TO SPEAK AT COMMENCEMENT". neiu.edu.
  19. ↑ Ben Gemen (March 9, 2013). "Reports: Obama picks civil rights lawyer for Labor secretary". thehill.com.
  20. ↑ University of Minnesota Law School (March 18, 2013). "CIVIL RIGHTS ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF THE OBAMA ADMINISTRATION" (PDF). law.umn.edu.
  21. ↑ Devlin Barrett, Melanie Trottman (April 17, 2013). "Labor Pick Faces Backlash Over His Aggressive Record". Wall Street Journal.
  22. ↑ University of Maryland School of Law (March 18, 2013). "President Obama Nominates Thomas E. Perez, Former UM Carey Law Faculty Member, for Secretary of Labor". law.umaryland.edu.
  23. ↑ Christi Parsons (March 18, 2013). "Obama to nominate Thomas E. Perez as Labor secretary". latimes.com.
  24. 1 2 Noel Barton (January 3, 2003). "Sternbach picked to take over GRP". gazette.net. Maryland Community News Online.
  25. ↑ "Mo Co Summary 5 14 06 - Metropolitan Washington AFL-CIO". dclabor.org. May 14, 2006.
  26. ↑ Montgomery County Board of Elections (November 5, 2002). "MONTGOMERY COUNTY, MARYLAND ELECTION RETURNS GENERAL ELECTION". msa.maryland.gov.
  27. ↑ J.J. McGrath (March 9, 2013). "Who Is Thomas Perez, The Presumptive Nominee As US Labor Secretary?". International Business Times. ibtimes.com.
  28. ↑ "Montgomery County Council Legislative Information Services" (PDF). montgomerycountymd.gov. December 2, 2002.
  29. ↑ Lucy Madison (March 18, 2013). "Obama taps Thomas Perez as labor secretary". cbsnews.com.
  30. ↑ "Montgomery County Council From the Office of Council member Tom Perez Perez and Subin to Introduce Bill Focusing on Predatory Lending and Other Discriminatory Housing Practices" (PDF). montgomerycountymd.gov. October 21, 2004.
  31. ↑ "Montgomery County Council From the Offices of Council member Tom Perez and Mike Subin Perez and Subin Push to End Predatory Lending Council members Support Expanding County’s Fair Housing Law" (PDF). montgomerycountymd.gov. October 24, 2004.
  32. 1 2 "Tom Perez District 5 Update" (PDF). montgomerycountymd.gov. March 31, 2003.
  33. ↑ Better Business Bureau (March 19, 2013). "BBB BUSINESS REVIEW THIS BUSINESS IS NOT BBB ACCREDITED CareFirst, Inc.". bbb.org.
  34. ↑ "Montgomery County Council Statement by Councilmember Tom Perez on the Rejection of CareFirst Sale" (PDF). montgomerycountymd.gov. March 6, 2003.
  35. ↑ "Montgomery County Council From the Office of Councilmembers Tom Perez & Marilyn Praisner PEREZ, PRAISNER TO ANNOUNCE NEW PUSH ON AFFORDABLE PRESCRIPTION DRUGS" (PDF). montgomerycountymd.gov. July 22, 2004.
  36. ↑ "Montgomery County Council" (PDF). montgomerycountymd.gov. September 21, 2004.
  37. ↑ Randall W. Lutter, Ph.D. (November 8, 2005). "Maryland: County Executive Douglas Duncan". fda.gov.
  38. ↑ United States Government Printing Office (August 22, 2006). "IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF MARYLAND SOUTHERN DIVISION MONTGOMERY COUNTY, MARYLAND Plaintiff, v. MIKE LEAVITT, et al., Defendants." (PDF). gpo.gov.
  39. ↑ Ann W. Parks (May 9, 2006). "LEGAL PROFESSION What's next for Joe Curran? Service, advocacy, a book — oh, and 'one more campaign,' but not his own" (PDF). Associated Press. maryland.gov.
  40. 1 2 Andrew A. Green (May 24, 2006). "Perez enters race for attorney general". baltimoresun.com.
  41. ↑ Janel Davis (April 26, 2006). "Dist. 5 future hinges on Curran". gazette.net.
  42. ↑ Matthew Mosk, John Wagner (January 18, 2006). "Duncan Lags Behind Rivals In Campaign Fundraising". Washington Post.
  43. ↑ Sean R. Sedam (July 19, 2006). "Abrams sues over Perez’s eligibility to enter race". gazette.net.
  44. ↑ Eric Rich (August 1, 2006). "Experience Qualifies Perez to Run, Judge Rules". washingtonpost.com.
  45. ↑ Andrea F. Siegle (July 14, 2006). "Suit challenges Perez candidacy". baltimoresun.com.
  46. ↑ Andrea F. Siegle (August 1, 2006). "Perez allowed to keep running". baltimoresun.com.
  47. ↑ Maryland Court of Appeals (August 25, 2006). "STEPHEN N. ABRAMS v. LINDA H. LAMONE, et al. IN THE ORDER OF THE COURT OF APPEALS OF MARYLAND Case No. 142 SEPTEMBER TERM, 2005" (PDF). courts.state.md.us.
  48. ↑ Steve Vogel, Ernesto Londoño (August 26, 2006). "Court Rejects Perez Bid, Early Voting Law in Md.". washingtonpost.com.
  49. ↑ "Former Bowie State University President to Become Next MHEC Secretary" (PDF). bowiestate.edu. January 26, 2007.
  50. ↑ David Madland, Karla Walter; United Brotherhood of Carpenters (December 2008). "State and local innovations to protect workers’ rights Maryland" (PDF). carpenters.org.
  51. ↑ Maryland Department of Labor, Licensing and Regulation (March 20, 2008). "Testimony of Thomas E. Perez, Secretary of the Department of Labor, Licensing and Regulation HB 1590 House Economic Matters Committee". dllr.state.md.us.
  52. ↑ Maryland Department of Labor, Licensing and Regulation (May 7, 2009). "Governor O’Malley Signs Workplace Fraud Act of 2009". dllr.maryland.gov.
  53. ↑ John Wahner (May 8, 2007). "Maryland First to Have 'Living Wage' Law". washingtonpost.com.
  54. ↑ "The Talented Mr. Perez". Wall Street Journal. March 19, 2013.
  55. ↑ Maryland Department of Labor, Licensing and Regulation (October 1, 2007). "Division of Labor and Industry NEW LIVING WAGE LAW". dllr.state.md.us.
  56. ↑ Maryland Higher Education Commission (January 2008). "Maryland Higher Education Commission Office of Student Financial Assistance Report Of the Advisory Council on Workforce Shortage" (PDF). mhec.state.md.us.
  57. ↑ N.C. Aizenman (October 23, 2008). "Untapped Talents of Educated Immigrants". washingtonpost.com.
  58. ↑ "The Workforce Creation and Adult Education Transition Council" (PDF). marylandpublicschools.org. May 16, 2008.
  59. ↑ Maryland Department of Labor, Licensing and Regulation (May 16, 2008). "Workforce Creation and Adult Education Workforce Creation and Adult Education Transition ANNOUNCEMENT from Thomas Perez and Nancy Grasmick, Co-chairs of The Workforce Creation and Adult Education Transition Council". dllr.state.md.us.
  60. ↑ Margarita Raycheva (March 20, 2008). "State may shift adult education". gazette.net.
  61. ↑ Andy Rosen (July 22, 2008). "Oversight of adult education in state is moving to DLLR" (PDF). The Daily Record. gnc.org.
  62. ↑ Laura Smitherman (December 8, 2008). "After stumble, Perez on the rise". baltimoresun.com.
  63. ↑ Sari Horwitz, Lena H. Sun (March 9, 2013). "Obama to nominate Thomas Perez as labor secretary". washingtonpost.com.
  64. ↑ Philip Rucker (November 12, 2007). "Liberal Leads The Drive for Slots in Md.". washingtonpost.com.
  65. ↑ Maryland Department of Labor, Licensing and Regulation (August 2007). "Slot Machines and the Racing Industry: A Review of Existing Data in Maryland and Neighboring States" (PDF). maryland.gov.
  66. ↑ Maryland Department of Labor, Licensing and Regulation. "Secretary Perez Joins Governor O’Malley as He Outlines a Plan to Recapture Slots Revenue for Maryland". dllr.state.md.us.
  67. ↑ Laura Smitherman, Gadi Dechter (November 5, 2008). "Laura Smitherman and Gadi Dechter". Baltimore Sun.
  68. ↑ Nominations Assistant Attorney General for the Civil Rights Division - Thomas E. Perez, Judiciary.Senate.gov, accessed Oct 7, 2009.
  69. ↑ "Marylander Perez may soon take Civil Rights helm at Justice". baltimoresun.com. September 14, 2009.
  70. ↑ Civil Rights Division Nominee Slated for Senate Vote,MainJustice.com, Oct 5, 2009
  71. 1 2 West, Paul. Senate confirms Perez to civil rights post at Justice, Baltimore Sun, Oct 7, 2009
  72. ↑ THOMAS Library of Congress (October 6, 2009). "Presidential Nominations 111th Congress (2009 - 2010) PN261-111 Thomas E. Perez , of Maryland, to be an Assistant Attorney General, vice Wan J. Kim.". thomas.loc.gov.
  73. ↑ Dominican American National Roundtable (April 17, 2013). "DANR and its National Council Support President Obama's Nomination of Tom Perez as the U.S. Secretary of Labor". danr.org.
  74. ↑ United States Department of Justice Office of Public Affairs (March 21, 2011). "Justice Department Issues Letter Regarding Illegal Exclusion of Individuals with HIV/AIDS from Occupational Training and State Licensing". justice.gov.
  75. ↑ United States House Committee on the Judiciary (June 1, 2011). "STATEMENT OF THOMAS E. PEREZ ASSISTANT ATTORNEY GENERAL CIVIL RIGHTS DIVISION BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON THE CONSTITUTION COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY UNITED STATES HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OVERSIGHT HEARING ON THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE CIVIL RIGHTS DIVISION" (PDF). judiciary.house.gov.
  76. ↑ United States House Committee on the Judiciary (July 26, 2012). "Department of Justice" (PDF). judiciary.house.gov.
  77. ↑ United States Department of Justice (November 5, 2009). "STATEMENT OF THOMAS E. PEREZ ASSISTANT ATTORNEY GENERAL DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON HEALTH, EDUCATION, LABOR AND PENSIONS UNITED STATES SENATE ENTITLED "EMPLOYMENT NON-DISCRIMINATION ACT: ENSURING OPPORTUNITY FOR ALL AMERICANS"" (PDF). justice.gov.
  78. ↑ United States Department of Justice (October 12, 2010). "Remarks as Prepared for Delivery by Assistant Attorney General for Civil Rights Thomas E. Perez at the Cleveland LGBT Heritage Celebration". Speech in Cleveland, Ohio: justice.gov.
  79. ↑ United States Department of Justice (March 30, 2010). "Justice Department Settles with New York School District to Ensure Students Have Equal Opportunities". justice.gov.
  80. 1 2 United States Department of Justice (January 14, 2010). "IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE NORTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK UNITED STATES OF AMERICA v. MOHAWK CENTRAL SCHOOL DISTRICT, et. al." (PDF). justice.gov.
  81. ↑ "J.L. v. Mohawk Central School District (Challenging school district's failure to protect a gay student from harassment)". New York Civil Liberties Union. Retrieved 8 May 2013.
  82. ↑ Ryan J. Riley (January 15, 2010). "Justice Department Cites Title IX on Behalf of Gay Teen". mainjustice.com.
  83. ↑ Jeremy White (March 7, 2012). "Gay Bullying Protections Agreed to By Minnesota School District". International Business Times.
  84. ↑ Ricardo Lopez (March 6, 2012). "Minnesota school district settles suit on bullying of gay students". latimes.com.
  85. ↑ Maria Elena Baca (March 6, 2012). "Anoka-Hennepin school settlement hailed as 'blueprint’". startribune.com.
  86. 1 2 United States Department of Justice Office of Public Affairs (August 10, 2012). "Justice Department Releases Investigative Findings Showing Constitutional Rights of Children in Mississippi Being Violated". justice.gov.
  87. ↑ Michael Martinez (August 10, 2012). "Feds: Mississippi county runs 'school-to-prison pipeline'". cnn.com.
  88. ↑ Elisabeth Kauffman (December 11, 2012). "The Worst "School-to-Prison" Pipeline: Was it in Mississippi?". time.com.
  89. ↑ Jason Ryan (August 10, 2012). "Feds: Authorities in Meridian, Miss. Violated Rights of Black Children". abcnews.go.com.
  90. ↑ Adam Serwer (March 23, 2012). "Meet the Obama Official Investigating the Trayvon Martin Shooting". motherjones.com.
  91. ↑ Associated Press (April 11, 2012). "Attorney General Holder vows thorough review in Trayvon Martin case". cbsnews.com.
  92. ↑ Meredith Rutland (June 20, 2012). "Sanford Police Chief Bill Lee fired in wake of Trayvon Martin case". miamiherald.com.
  93. ↑ Michael Muskal (December 16, 2011). "Justice Department says Seattle police used excessive force". latimes.com.
  94. ↑ Levi Pulkkinen (December 16, 2011). "Feds: Seattle police show 'pattern of excessive force'". seattlepi.com.
  95. ↑ Mike Carter, Steve Miletich (July 27, 2012). "SPD faces new oversight, scrutiny of use of force". seattletimes.com.
  96. 1 2 3 United States Department of Justice (December 15, 2011). "United States' Investigation of the Maricopa County Sheriffs Office" (PDF). justice.gov.
  97. ↑ Daniel Gonzalez (March 11, 2009). "Arpaio to be investigated over alleged violations". The Arizona Republic.
  98. ↑ "Arizona sheriff challenges Justice Department's request for documents". cnn.com. August 28, 2010.
  99. ↑ Marc Lacey (September 2, 2010). "Justice Dept. Sues Sheriff Over Bias Investigation". nytimes.com.
  100. ↑ Terry Greene Sterling (December 16, 2011). "Sheriff Joe Arpaio Slammed in Federal Civil Rights Probe Report". thedailybeast.com.
  101. ↑ Marc Lacey (December 15, 2011). "U.S. Finds Pervasive Bias Against Latinos by Arizona Sheriff". nytimes.com.
  102. ↑ United States Department of Justice Office of Public Affairs (May 12, 2012). "Department of Justice Files Lawsuit in Arizona Against Maricopa County, Maricopa County Sheriff’s Office, and Sheriff Joseph Arpaio". justice.gov.
  103. ↑ Amanda Lee Meyers (May 12, 2012). "Will Arizona Sheriff Joe Arpaio's popularity continue amid lawsuit?". Christian Science Monitor.
  104. ↑ Fernanda Santos, Charlie Savage (May 10, 2012). "Lawsuit Says Sheriff Discriminated Against Latinos". nytimes.com.
  105. ↑ David G. Savage (December 23, 2011). "Justice Department rejects South Carolina voter ID law". latimes.com.
  106. ↑ Evan Perez (December 24, 2011). "South Carolina Voter Law Barred by Administration". Wall Street Journal.
  107. 1 2 United States Department of Justice Civil Rights Division (December 23, 2011). "C. Havird Jones, Jr., Esq. Assistant Deputy Attorney General". justice.gov.
  108. ↑ Sari Horwitz (March 12, 2012). "Justice Department bars Texas voter ID law". washingtonpost.com.
  109. ↑ United States Department of Justice Civil Rights Division (May 12, 2012). "Keith Ingram, Esq. Director of Elections". justice.gov.
  110. ↑ Charlie Savage (May 12, 2012). "Justice Dept. Blocks Texas on Photo ID for Voting". nytimes.com.
  111. ↑ Julián Aguilar (March 12, 2012). "Feds Reject Texas Voter ID Law". texastribune.org.
  112. ↑ Bill Mears (March 12, 2012). "Administration blocks Texas voter ID law". cnn.com.
  113. 1 2 3 4 A Review of the Operations of the Voting Section of the Civil Rights Division (PDF) (Report). U.S. Department of Justice Office of the Inspector General. 12 March 2013. Retrieved 3 May 2013.
  114. ↑ "Civil Rights Division NVRA FAQs". U.S. Department of Justice. Retrieved 3 May 2013.
  115. ↑ Eyder Peralta (March 18, 2013). "Obama Nominates Thomas Perez For Labor Secretary". npr.org.
  116. ↑ Laura Litvan (April 2, 2013). "Obama's Labor Pick's Immigration Advocacy Tests Republicans". bloomberg.com.
  117. ↑ Wall Street Journal (March 19, 2013). "The Talented Mr. Perez How Obama's Labor nominee muscled a city to drop a Supreme Court case.". online.wsj.com.
  118. ↑ Brett Loguirato (March 22, 2013). "Here's Why Republicans Already Hate Obama's Next Cabinet Nominee". businessinsider.com.
  119. ↑ Reid J. Epstein (March 17, 2013). "President Obama nominates Tom Perez for Labor". politico.com.
  120. ↑ Associated Press (March 21, 2013). "President nominates Thomas Perez as labor secretary". toledoblade.com.
  121. ↑ Laura Litvan, Phil Mattingly (March 19, 2013). "Republicans Say Perez Faces Questions Over Housing Case". bloomberg.com.
  122. ↑ Lisa Mascaro, Don Lee (March 10, 2013). "Obama to name civil rights enforcer Thomas Perez as Labor secretary". latimes.com.
  123. ↑ United Farm Workers of America (March 18, 2013). "UFW applauds Labor Secretary nominee Tom Perez’s challenge to Arizona anti-immigrant law, looking forward to another champion for farm workers’ rights". ufwfoundation.org.
  124. ↑ Jim Kuhnhenn, Sam Hannanel; Associated Press (March 18, 2013). "Obama nominates Justice official to top Labor slot". lasvegassun.com.
  125. ↑ National Women's Law Center (May 16, 2013). "NWLC Urges Senate to Confirm Tom Perez as Secretary of Labor". nwlc.org.
  126. ↑ Sam Hanael (April 11, 2013). "GOP LAWMAKERS SUBPOENA EMAILS OF LABOR NOMINEE". Associated Press.
  127. ↑ United States House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform (April 15, 2013). "DOJ’S QUID PRO QUO WITH ST. PAUL: HOW ASSISTANT ATTORNEY GENERAL THOMAS PEREZ MANIPULATED JUSTICE AND IGNORED THE RULE OF LAW" (PDF). oversight.house.gov.
  128. ↑ Paul West (April 18, 2013). "Labor secretary nominee unscathed after hearing". latimes.com.
  129. ↑ http://www.help.senate.gov/hearings/hearing/?id=bd434d06-5056-a032-5249-a3facb9bfa31 US Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor, & Pensions: Hearings - Hearing
  130. ↑ John Fritze (April 18, 2013). "Labor nominee Perez faces sharp questions from GOP senators Critics focus on Marylander's time at Justice Department". baltimoresun.com.
  131. ↑ Hananel, Sam (24 April 2013). "Thomas Perez Confirmation Vote Delayed By Senate Democrats". Associated Press (Washington).
  132. ↑ Josh Gerstein (May 8, 2013). "Perez confirmation vote delayed again". politico.com.
  133. ↑ Josh Hicks (May 16, 2013). "Labor secretary nominee Perez clears early hurdle in confirmation". washingtonpost.com.
  134. ↑ Michael A. Memoli (May 21, 2013). "Reid to delay Senate votes on most Obama nominees until July". latimes.com.
  135. ↑ U.S. Senate: Legislation & Records Home > Votes > Roll Call Vote. Senate.gov. Retrieved on 2013-08-12.
  136. ↑ "Senate confirms Perez as secretary of Labor". The Hill. Retrieved 18 July 2013.
  137. ↑ The historical oddity of Thomas Perez's confirmation - The Maddow Blog. Maddowblog.msnbc.com (2013-07-18). Retrieved on 2013-08-12.
  138. ↑ "Brown confers nine honorary degrees". Brown University. 25 May 2014. Retrieved 27 May 2014.
  139. ↑ "U.S. Labor Secretary Exhorts Class of 2014 to Play in the ‘Orchestra of Opportunity’". Drexel University. 22 May 2014. Retrieved 27 May 2014.
  140. ↑ "Oberlin College Commencement". oberlin.edu. Oberlin College. Retrieved 3 June 2014.

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Preceded by
Derick Berlage		 Member of the Montgomery County Council
from the 5th District
2002–2006 		Succeeded by
Valerie Ervin
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Alexander Sanchez
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