The Hunt for Red October (film)

The Hunt for Red October
Theatrical release poster
Directed by	John McTiernan
Produced by	Mace Neufeld
Screenplay by	Larry Ferguson Donald E. Stewart
Based on	The Hunt for Red October 1984 novel  by Tom Clancy
Starring	Sean Connery Alec Baldwin Scott Glenn James Earl Jones Sam Neill
Music by	Basil Poledouris
Cinematography	Jan de Bont
Edited by	Dennis Virkler John Wright
Production company	Mace Neufeld Productions Nina Saxon Film Design
Distributed by	Paramount Pictures
Release dates	March 2, 1990 (1990-03-02) (United States)
Running time	135 minutes
Country	United States
Language	English
Budget	$30 million[1]
Box office	$200.5 million

The Hunt for Red October is a 1990 American action spy thriller film produced by Mace Neufeld, directed by John McTiernan, and starring Sean Connery, Alec Baldwin, Scott Glenn, James Earl Jones, and Sam Neill. The film is based on Tom Clancy's 1984 bestselling novel of the same name.

The film's story is set during the latter Cold War era and involves a rogue Soviet naval captain who wishes to defect to the United States with his officers and the Soviet Navy's newest and most advanced nuclear missile submarine. An American CIA analyst correctly deduces his motive and must prove his theory to the U. S. Navy before a violent confrontation between the Soviet and the American navies spirals out-of-control.

The Hunt for Red October was a co-production between the motion picture studios Paramount Pictures, Mace Neufeld Productions, and Nina Saxon Film Design. Theatrically, it was commercially distributed by Paramount Pictures and by the Paramount Home Entertainment division for home media markets. Following its wide theatrical release, the film was nominated and won a number of accolades, including the Academy Award for Best Sound Editing in 1991. On June 12, 1990, the original soundtrack composed and orchestrated by Basil Poledouris was released by MCA Records.

The Hunt for Red October received mostly positive reviews from critics and was one of the top grossing films of the year, generating $122 million in North America and more than $200 million worldwide in box office business. The film was the first in a set of sequels throughout the years involving the fictional character of Jack Ryan. However, for the role of Ryan, a number of different actors were cast for the subsequent reincarnations of the film saga, including Harrison Ford, Ben Affleck, and Chris Pine.

Plot

In November 1984 Soviet submarine Captain First Rank Marko Ramius (Sean Connery) commands Red October, a new Typhoon-class nuclear missile sub with a stealth "caterpillar drive", rendering it undetectable to passive sonar. Ramius leaves port to conduct exercises with attack sub V. K. Konovalov, commanded by his former student Captain Tupolev (Skarsgård). Once at sea, Ramius secretly kills political officer Ivan Putin (Peter Firth), and relays false orders that they are to conduct missile drills off America's east coast.

The next morning, CIA analyst Jack Ryan (Alec Baldwin) briefs government officials on Red October and the threat it poses. Officials in the briefing learn that the bulk of the Soviet Navy has been deployed to sink Red October, fearing Ramius may plan an unauthorized nuclear strike against the U. S. Ryan, however, hypothesizes that Ramius instead plans to defect, and leaves to intercept the American attack submarine USS Dallas to prove his theory. Meanwhile, Tupolev, though unable to track Red October, guesses his former mentor's route and sets a course to intercept.

Typhoon-class submarine, the same type as the fictional Red October.

Red October's caterpillar drive fails during risky maneuvers through an undersea canyon. Petty Officer Jones (Courtney B. Vance), a sonar technician aboard Dallas who has discovered a way to detect Red October through underwater acoustics, plots an intercept course. Ryan arranges a hazardous mid-ocean rendezvous to board Dallas, where he attempts to persuade its captain, Commander Bart Mancuso (Scott Glenn), to contact Ramius and determine his intentions.

A Soviet Ambassador informs the U. S. that Ramius is a renegade, and asks for their help in sinking Red October. That order is sent to the U. S. Fleet, including Dallas. Ryan, however, is convinced that Ramius plans to defect with his officers and convinces Mancuso to contact Ramius and offer assistance. Ramius, stunned that the Americans correctly guessed his plan, accepts. He then stages a nuclear reactor emergency, and orders his crew to abandon ship. After Ramius submerges, Ryan, Mancuso, and Jones come aboard via a rescue sub, at which point Ramius formally requests asylum in the United States for himself and his officers.

Red October is suddenly attacked by Konovalov, which has tracked them across the Atlantic. As the two Soviet subs maneuver for combat, one of Red October's cooks, Loginov (Arana), an undercover GRU agent, opens fire. He fatally wounds Ramius's first officer, Vasily Borodin (Sam Neill) before retreating into the nuclear missiles launch area. Loginov later shoots Ramius, wounding him, but Ryan shoots and kills Loginov before he can detonate a missile. Meanwhile, Red October makes evasive maneuvers with help from Dallas, causing Konovalov to be destroyed by its own live torpedo. The crew of Red October, watching from life rafts and unaware of the presence of the second submarine, believe that Red October has been destroyed. Ryan and Ramius, their subterfuge complete, sail Red October to the Penobscot River in Maine. From atop the submarine's sail deck, Ramius, moved by having made it to America, offers Ryan a quote from Christopher Columbus. Ryan nods in agreement and offers in return, "Welcome to the New World, sir".

Cast

Production

Development

Producer Mace Neufeld optioned Tom Clancy's novel after reading galley proofs in February 1985. Despite the book becoming a best seller, no Hollywood studio was interested because of its content. Neufeld said, "I read some of the reports from the other studios, and the story was too complicated to understand."^[2] After a year and a half he finally got a high-level executive at Paramount Pictures to read Clancy's novel and agree to develop it into a film.

Screenwriters Larry Ferguson and Donald Stewart worked on the screenplay while Neufeld approached the U.S. Navy for approval. They feared top secret information or technology might be revealed. However, several admirals liked Clancy's book and reasoned that the film could do for submariners what Top Gun did for the Navy's jet fighter pilots.^[2] Captain Michael Sherman, director of the Navy's western regional information office in Los Angeles, suggested changes to the script that would present the Navy in a positive light.^[3]

The Navy gave the filmmakers access to several Los Angeles-class submarines, allowing them to photograph unclassified sections of both the Chicago and Portsmouth to use in set and prop design. The Louisville was used for the scene in which Baldwin is dropped from a helicopter to the submarine. Key cast and crew members rode along in subs, including Alec Baldwin and Scott Glenn, fulfilling an overnight trip aboard the Salt Lake City. Glenn, who played the commander of Dallas, trained by assuming the identity of a submarine captain on board the Houston (which portrayed Dallas in most scenes).^[2] The sub's crew all took orders from Glenn, who was being prompted by the actual commanding officer.^[2]

Casting

Glenn is a U.S. Marine. Baldwin also learned to steer a Los Angeles-class submarine. Some extras portraying the Dallas crew were submariners, including the pilot of the DSRV, Lt Cmdr George Billy, commander of the DSRV. Submariners from San Diego were cast as extras because it was easier to hire them than to train actors. Crew from USS La Jolla, including Lt Mark Draxton, took leave to participate in filming. According to an article in Sea Classics, at least two sailors from the Atlantic Fleet-based Dallas took leave and participated in the Pacific Fleet-supported filming. The crew of Houston called their month-long filming schedule the "Hunt for Red Ops." Houston made over 40 emergency surfacing "blows" for rehearsal and for the cameras.^[2]

Baldwin was approached in December 1988, but was not told for what role. Klaus Maria Brandauer was cast as Soviet sub commander Marko Ramius but two weeks into filming he quit due to a prior commitment.^[2] The producers faxed the script to Sean Connery who, at first, declined because it didn't make sense. He was indeed missing the first page. He arrived in L.A. on a Friday and was supposed to start filming on Monday but he requested a day to rehearse.^[4] Principal photography began on April 3, 1989 with a $30 million budget.^[4] The Navy lent the film crew Houston, Enterprise, two frigates (Wadsworth and Reuben James), helicopters, and a dry-dock crew.^[3]

Filmmaker John Milius revised some of the film's script, writing a few speeches for Sean Connery and all of his Russian dialogue.^[5] He was asked to rewrite the whole film but was only required to do the Russian sequences.^[6] Rather than choosing between the realism of Russian dialog with subtitles, or the audience-friendly use of English (with or without Russian accents), the filmmakers compromised with a deliberate conceit. The film begins with the actors speaking Russian with English subtitles. But in an early scene, actor Peter Firth casually switches in mid-sentence to speaking in English on the word "Armageddon", which is the same spoken word in both languages. After that point, all the Soviets' dialogue is communicated in English. Connery continued using the Russian accent for the rest of the motion picture. Only towards the end of the film, at the beginning of the scene in which the Soviet and American submariners meet, do some of the actors speak in Russian again.

Filming

Filming in submarines was impractical. Instead, five soundstages on the Paramount backlot were used. Two 50-foot square platforms housing mock-ups of Red October and Dallas were built, standing on hydraulic gimbals that simulated the sub's movements. Connery recalled, "It was very claustrophobic. There were 62 people in a very confined space, 45 feet above the stage floor. It got very hot on the sets, and I'm also prone to sea sickness. The set would tilt to 45 degrees. Very disturbing."^[3] The veteran actor shot for four weeks and the rest of the production shot for additional months on location in Port Angeles, Washington and the waters off Los Angeles.^[3]

The USS Reuben James, where a number of flight deck scenes were filmed.

Made before sophisticated CGI became the norm in filmmaking, the film's opening sequence featured a long pull-out reveal of the immense titular Typhoon-class sub. It included a nearly full-scale, above-the-water-line mockup of the sub, constructed from two barges welded together. Each country's submarine had its own background color: Soviet submarines, such as Red October and Konovalov, had interiors in black with silver trim. American ships, such as Dallas and Enterprise, had grey interiors. However, during one scene when Dallas goes to a higher alert status it was flooded with red light. Early filming was aboard USS Reuben James in the area of the Juan de Fuca Strait and Puget Sound in March 1989. The ship operated out of U.S. Coast Guard Station Port Angeles. The SH-60B detachment from the Battlecats of HSL-43 operated out of NAS Whidbey Island, after being displaced by the filmcrew. Most underwater scenes were filmed using smoke with a model sub connected to 12 cables, giving precise, smooth control for turns. Computer effects, in their infancy, created bubbles and other effects such as particulates in the water.

By March 1990, just before the film's theatrical release, the Soviet Parliament removed the Communist Party from government, effectively ending the Cold War. Set during this period, there were concerns that with its end, the film would be irrelevant but Neufeld felt that it "never really represented a major problem".^[4] To compensate for the change in Russia's political climate, an on-screen crawl appears at the beginning of the film stating that it takes place in 1984 during the Cold War.^[4] Tony Seiniger designed the film's poster and drew inspiration from Soviet poster art, utilizing bold red, white and black graphics. According to him, the whole ad campaign was designed to have a "techno-suspense quality to it". The idea was to play up the thriller aspects and downplay the political elements.^[4]

The film caused a minor sensation in the black projects submarine warfare technology community.^[7][8] In one scene, where the USS Dallas is chasing Red October through the submarine canyon, the crew can be heard calling out that they have various "milligal anomalies". This essentially revealed the use of gravimetry as a method of silent navigation in US submarines. Thought to be a billion dollar black project, the development of a full-tensor gravity gradiometer by Bell Aerospace was a classified technology at the time. It was thought to be deployed on only a few Ohio-class submarine after it was first developed in 1973. Bell Aerospace later sold the technology to Bell Geospace for oil exploration purposes.^[9] The last Typhoon-class submarine was officially laid down in 1986, under the name TK-210, but according to sources was never finished and scrapped in 1990.^[10]

Music

The musical score of The Hunt for Red October was composed by Basil Poledouris. A soundtrack album composed of ten melodies was released on June 12, 1990.^[11] The album is missing some of the musical moments present in the film, including the scene where the crew of Red October sings the Soviet national hymn. The soundtrack is limited due to the fact that it was originally compiled to fit the Compact Cassette. Later, it was remastered for the CD. An expanded version was released in late 2013 by Intrada Records. It features 40 additional minutes of the score, including the so far-unreleased end titles.^[12]

Reception

Box office

The Hunt for Red October opened in 1,225 theaters on March 2, 1990, grossing $17 million on its opening weekend, more than half its budget.^[1] The film went on to gross $122,012,643 in North America with a worldwide total of $200,512,643.^[1]

Critical response

The film received positive reviews from critics; it holds an 86% positive rating at the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, based on 66 critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average out of 100 to critics' reviews, The Hunt for Red October received a score of 58 based on 17 reviews.^[13]

Roger Ebert called the film "a skillful, efficient film that involves us in the clever and deceptive game being played",^[14] while Gene Siskel commented on the film's technical achievement and Baldwin's convincing portrayal of Jack Ryan. Nick Schager, for Slant magazine's review, noted, "The Hunt for Red October is a thrilling edge-of-your-seat trifle that has admirably withstood the test of time."^[15] In contrast however, Newsweek's David Ansen wrote, "But it's at the gut level that Red October disappoints. This smoother, impressively mounted machine is curiously ungripping. Like an overfilled kettle, it takes far too long to come to a boil."^[16] Vincent Canby, writing for The New York Times, opined that "the characters, like the lethal hardware, are simply functions of the plot, which in this case seems to be a lot more complex than it really is."^[17]

Accolades

The Hunt for Red October was nominated and won several awards in 1991. In addition, the film was also nominated for AFI's 100 Years...100 Thrills.^[18]

See also

• 1990 in film
• Video games based on the motion picture

References

External links

Wikiquote has quotations related to: The Hunt for Red October (film)

• Official website
• The Hunt for Red October at the Internet Movie Database
• The Hunt for Red October at the TCM Movie Database
• The Hunt for Red October at AllMovie
• The Hunt for Red October at the American Film Institute Catalog
• The Hunt for Red October at Rotten Tomatoes
• The Hunt for Red October at Box Office Mojo