Royal Hampshire Regiment

Hampshire Regiment
Royal Hampshire Regiment

Royal Hampshire Regiment Cap Badge
Active 1881–1992
Country  United Kingdom
Branch  British Army
Type Infantry
Role Line infantry
Size

1–2 Regular battalions
1 Militia and Special Reserve Battalion
Up to 6 Territorial and Volunteer battalions

Up to 27 Hostilities-only battalions
Garrison/HQ Lower Barracks, Winchester
Nickname(s) The Hampshire Tigers[1]
Colors Yellow facings from 1904. Adopted from the uniform of the 37th Regiment of foot[2]

The Hampshire Regiment was a line infantry regiment of the British Army, created as part of the Childers Reforms in 1881 by the amalgamation of the 37th (North Hampshire) Regiment of Foot and the 67th (South Hampshire) Regiment of Foot.[1][3] The regiment existed continuously for 111 years and served in the Second Boer War, World War I and World War II. In 1946, due to distinguished service in the Second World War, the regiment was retitled as the Royal Hampshire Regiment.

On 9 September 1992, after over 111 years of service, the Royal Hampshire Regiment was amalgamated with the Queen's Royal Regiment to form a new large regiment, the Princess of Wales's Royal Regiment (Queen's and Royal Hampshires), which continues the traditions of the Royal Hampshires.

History

Formation and antecedents

The Hampshire Regiment was formed on 1 July 1881 under the Childers reforms from the merger of the 37th (North Hampshire) Regiment of Foot and the 67th (South Hampshire) Regiment of Foot along with the militia and rifle volunteers of the county of Hampshire.[4]

Second Boer War

At the turn of the 20th century, there were two regular battalions of the regiment. The 2nd Battalion was deployed to South Africa and took part in an action at Karee Siding on 29 March 1900 when one officer and 11 troops died.[5] A third militia battalion was formed of the former Hampshire Militia, with headquarters in Winchester. The battalion was embodied in January 1900 for service in South Africa, and disembodied in December the same year. A Volunteer battalion was also formed to serve in South Africa. Men from this battalion were involved in the worst train accident during the war, near Barberton, on 30 March 1902.[6] Following the accident, the battalion returned to the United Kingdom, arriving at Southampton in May 1902.[7]

First World War

The SS River Clyde holds dead of the Royal Hampshire Regiment who were killed while attempting to get ashore at Sedd el Bahr during the Gallipoli Campaign.

During the First World War the regiment expanded to 34 battalions.[8] By the end of the First World War the Hampshire Regiment had lost 7,580 officers and men killed in action.[9]

Regular Army

The 1st Battalion was a Regular Army unit stationed in Colchester on the outbreak of war in August 1914. The battalion was assigned to the 11th Brigade, 4th Division.[8] With the division, the battalion joined the British Expeditionary Force and was sent overseas to France in August 1914, landing at Le Havre on 23 August.[8] The 1st Battalion saw its first combat against the German Army at Le Cateau. The battalion served on the Western Front for the rest of the war, participating in many battles in 1914 alone such as the First Battle of the Marne, the First Battle of the Aisne, and the Battle of Messines. In 1914, on Christmas Day, men of the 1st Battalion participated in the legendary Christmas Truce of 1914 where British and German soldiers fraternised in No man's land. In 1915, the battalion took part in the Second Battle of Ypres, famous for its use of poison gas. In 1916 it fought at Albert and Le Transloy, which was part of the larger Somme offensive.[10]

The 2nd Battalion was also a Regular Army battalion that was serving in India at the outbreak of war and arrived in England on 22 December 1914. In early 1915 the battalion became part of the 88th Brigade, assigned to the 29th Division.[8] The 2nd Battalion took part in the Battle of Gallipoli when engaged in the fatal Landing at Cape Helles in April 1915 and fought in the Battle of Krithia. In 1916, the 2nd Battalion was evacuated to Alexandria due to a mixture of heavy casualties from combat, disease and the terrible weather conditions. In March 1916 the battalion was sent to France[8] and would serve on the Western Front for the rest of the war, participating in the battle of Albert and Le Transloy rides, alongside the 1st Battalion.[10]

Territorial Force

The 1/4th Battalion landed at Karachi in India in November 1914 as part of the 4th (Rawalpindi) Brigade in the 2nd (Rawalpindi) Division before moving to Basra in March 1915: it remained in Mesopotamia and Persia for the rest of the war.[8] The 1/5th Battalion landed at Karachi in India in November 1914: it remained in India for the rest of the war.[8] The 1/6th (Duke of Connaught's Own) Battalion landed at Karachi in India in November 1914: it remained in India for the rest of the war.[8] The 1/7th Battalion landed at Karachi in India in November 1914: it remained in India until January 1918 when it moved to Aden.[8] The 1/8th (Isle of Wight Rifles, Princess Beatrice's) Battalion landed at Suvla Bay in Gallipoli as part of the 163rd Brigade in the 54th (East Anglian) Division on 9 August 1915 and, having been evacuated from Gallipoli in December 1915, moved to Egypt and then to Palestine.[8] The 1/9th (Cyclist) Battalion sailed for India in February 1916 and then to Vladivostok in October 1918.[8] The 2/4th Battalion sailed for India in December 1914 as part of 2/1st Hampshire Brigade in the 2nd Wessex Division and then sailed for Egypt in April 1917 and to France in May 1918.[8] The 2/5th Battalion sailed for India in December 1914 as part of 2/1st Hampshire Brigade in the 2nd Wessex Division and then sailed for Egypt in April 1917 before being disbanded in Palestine in August 1918.[8] The 2/7th Battalion sailed for India in December 1914 as part of 2/1st Hampshire Brigade in the 2nd Wessex Division and then moved to Mesopotamia in September 1917.[8]

New Armies

The 10th (Service) Battalion landed at Gallipoli in August 1915 and then transferred to Salonika in October 1915.[8] The 11th (Service) Battalion (Pioneers) landed at Le Havre in December 1915.[8] The 12th (Service) Battalion landed in France in September 1915 but moved to Salonika in November 1915.[8] The 14th (Service) Battalion (1st Portsmouth) landed at Le Havre in March 1916.[8] The 15th (Service) Battalion (2nd Portsmouth) landed in France in May 1916.[8]

Irish War of Independence

The 2nd Battalion was sent to Ireland to fight the Irish Republican Army. On 31 May 1921 seven soldiers, all with the band of the 2nd Battalion, Hampshire Regiment were on their way to the rifle range at Youghal County Cork when a road mine exploded under the truck they were travelling in. Three soldiers were killed outright while a further four died later from their wounds.[11]

Second World War

Men of the 1st Battalion, Hampshire Regiment, part of the 231st Brigade of the 50th Division, crossing the Seine at Vernon, 28 August 1944.

In the Second World War, the Hampshire Regiment had six battalions that fought abroad, whilst more battalions stayed at home. The six battalions who fought abroad were the 1st, 2nd, 1/4th, 2/4th, 5th and 7th battalions. By the end of the Second World War 2,094 officers and men of the Hampshire Regiment had lost their lives.[12]

The 1st Battalion

The 1st Battalion, Hampshire Regiment was a Regular Army unit that was deployed on Garrison duties in El Daba, Egypt at the beginning of the war.[13] It moved to Palestine on peace keeping duties in December 1939 and then moved to Moascar in Egypt, then to Mearsa Matruh in Summer 1940. One of their duties was to look after the large number of Italian prisoners after the fall of Sidi Barrani.[14]

In February 1941 the 1st Battalion arrived in Malta, where it became part of the 1st (Malta) Infantry Brigade (with 1st Dorset Regiment and 2nd Devonshire Regiment). This later became the 231st Infantry Brigade. Duties in Malta included airfield repair and working as stevedores in the docks. Malta was subjected to a prolonged siege, and by July 1942 the food situation had become serious, but the situation eased as the Allies' fortunes improved in the North African Campaign.[15]

In April 1943 the 231st Brigade, including the 1st Hampshires, was moved to Alexandria, then subsequently to Cairo and Suez, where it trained as an independent assault brigade. Then in July 1943 the 1st Battalion invaded Sicily as part of the first wave of Operation Husky, the Allied invasion of Sicily. The beach landing went smoothly, but the 1st Battalion ran into resistance at Vizzini on 13 July when it ran into the Herman Goring Parachute Panzer Division. On 22 July, the 1st Battalion was engaged in hard fighting for Agria, which only fell on 29 July. The 1st Battalion was reduced to three companies after the battle. There was further hard fighting to capture the Regalbuto Ridge, which ended the Sicilian Campaign. The 1st Battalion suffered 18 Officers and 286 Other Ranks killed or wounded in action in Sicily.[16]

On 8 September 1943 the 231st Brigade landed in Italy, coming ashore at Potro San Venere near Pizzo. The 1st Battalion was involved in fighting as the Germans withdrew northwards. By October 1943 the 1st Battalion was back in Sicily waiting for transport back to the United Kingdom and by November the 1st Battalion was back in the United Kingdom for the first time in 22 years.[17]

The battalion was allocated to the 50th (Northumbrian) Infantry Division, one of the assault divisions for the invasion of North West Europe which had an excellent reputation after fighting in the Mediterranean theatre. On 6 June 1944 the 1st Battalion came ashore as part of Operation Overlord. On the first day the battalion captured Le Hamel and Arromanches after a hard fight. When the battalion landed there were no tanks with them, and they faced machine gun fire upon landing. On D-Day alone the 1st Battalion suffered 182 casualties, 64 of them being killed in action.[18]

The Battalion started a three-week fight for the village of Hottot, against the German Panzer-Lehr-Division in June 1944. This culminated in a major assault on 11 July, but the 1st Battalion was withdrawn from the line the next day, testimony to the hard fighting. The Battalion was in the vanguard of the assault towards Villiers Bocage later in the month. There were stiff fights at St Germain d’Ectot and Launay. Villiers Bocage was taken on 4 August, following which 50th Division was taken out of the line.[19] In August 1944 a brigade attack was launched towards Conde, and the Battalion attacked St Pierre la Vielle. The fighting was particularly hard, and after the 11-hour battle the Rifle companies of the Battalion were severely reduced – ‘B’ Company had 25 men, ‘C’ Company had 35 men, and ‘D’ Company were down to just 12 men. ‘A’ Company was only lightly engaged and, on 12 August, the 1st Battalion was withdrawn from the line. The Battalion was motorised and joined with 11th Armoured Division for the breakout attack later in the month. There was no fighting, and on 31 August, the 1st Battalion crossed the river Seine at Vernon and swept on to Amiens.[20]

The Battalion was then placed under command of the Guards Armoured Division and swept into Brussels on 3 September. The Battalion, still under command of the Guards Armoured, then started the attack towards Eindhoven, which was the attack designed to relieve the British and Polish airborne troops fighting at Arnhem, who had dropped as part of Operation Market Garden, which ended in a failure. The Battalion, as part of 231st Infantry Brigade, was charged with defending the "Corridor" formed by the armoured advance. In October, the 1st Battalion moved up to Nijmegen and moved onto "The Island", the bridgehead over the river Waal but behind the river Lek.[21]

In October 1944 the Battalion attacked north of Bemmel, and expanded the bridgehead up to the Wettering Canal. The Battalion then went onto the defensive until the end of November. The Battalion then moved back to Ypres in Belgium, and subsequently was moved back to the United Kingdom with the rest of the 50th Division, and the men were mainly used as replacements for other infantry battalions, with the exception of a small training cadre consisting of 12 officers and 100 other ranks. The battalion ended the war in Louth, Lincolnshire.[22] Since D-Day the 1st Battalion, Hampshire Regiment had suffered casualties of over 1,281 including 231 officers and men killed in action, the rest being either wounded or missing in action.[23]

The 2nd Battalion

The 2nd Battalion was also a Regular Army battalion that started the war in Aldershot, in Hampshire, England.[24] In September 1939 the 2nd Battalion moved to Cherbourg in France with the 1st Guards Brigade, alongside the 3rd Battalion, Grenadier Guards and 2nd Battalion, Coldstream Guards, attached to 1st Infantry Division. It then moved to Sille-le-Guillaume, and from there 250 miles north to take its allocated place on the "Gort Line", which it reached on 3 October. Later that month the Battalion moved to the Belgian/French border and in February 1940 the Battalion spent three weeks on the Maginot Line before returning to Metz.[25]

The Battalion crossed into Belgium in response to the German invasion of Belgium, and by 14 May was digging into a defensive position. However, an attack never came, but the Dutch and the French Ninth Army were retreating, so on 16 May the 1st Division was ordered to retreat. A slow retreat then commenced, ending at Dunkirk. The Battalion began to be embarked from Dunkirk for the United Kingdom (some were evacuated on 2 June). The battalion managed to carry away 100% of their small-arms, mortars and anti-tank rifles. They were congratulated by the Minister for War, Mr Anthony Eden. The battalion then spent two years on home defence, training and preparing for a German invasion which never arrived.[26]

In November 1942 the Battalion, Hampshire Regiment sailed for North Africa, taking part in Operation Torch with the 1st Guards Brigade, which was now part of the 78th Infantry Division. They disembarked at Algiers on 21 November and joined the British First Army. Later that month the Battalion moved to Tebourba.[27] The following day the 2nd Battalion were attacked by heavy shelling, and on 1 December the Battalion was attacked by a force four times its size, that was able to outflank it and rake it with enfilading fire. This was the start of three days of fierce close combat, fought at close quarters and featuring bayonet charges and counter-charges. The battalion was forced back a mile and a half, and on 3 December Major Wallace Le Patourel was awarded the Victoria Cross for his gallantry in leading counter-attacks against the enemy. After three days the Battalion retreated through Tebourba, only to find all other troops had been withdrawn and the road behind them was cut. The battalion broke into small groups and attempted to break through to allied lines, reuniting at Medjez-el-Bab; many, including the Commanding Officer, were captured. The Battalion started the battle with 689 men; after the battle it was down to 194 men. The battalion was withdrawn from the line and in December, nine officers and 260 other ranks joined the 2nd Battalion.[28] After the fall of Tunis on 13 May 1943 the 2nd Battalion joined the 128th (Hampshire) Brigade attached to 46th (West Riding) Infantry Division.[29]

The 128th Infantry Brigade

The Hampshire Regiment had a number of Territorial Army battalions, whose ranks were swelled throughout 1939 when the Territorial Army was doubled in size. During 1939 the 5/7th Battalion was split into the 5th Battalion and the 7th Battalion, and the 4th Battalion was split into the 1/4th Battalion and the 2/4th Battalion. The 1/4th, 2/4th and 5th battalions were formed into the 128th Infantry Brigade (the "Hampshire Brigade") and the 7th Battalion was part of the 130th Infantry Brigade. Both brigades were part of the 43rd (Wessex) Infantry Division.[30]

However, on 6 June 1942 the 128th Brigade was detached from the 43rd Division until 15 August when it was transferred to the 46th Infantry Division, where it would remain for the rest of the war. In January 1943 the 128th Infantry Brigade left Britain with the rest of the 46th Infantry Division, for North Africa, as part of Operation Torch.[31] The 128th Brigade disembarked at Algiers on 17 January, moving to Bone where it remained until the end of January, when the brigade moved to Hunts Gap.[32]

Further information: Operation Ochsenkopf

The 5th Battalion was sent 12 miles further ahead to Sidi Nsir. The 5th Battalion at Sidi N'sir was attacked in overwhelming strength in February 1943 as the Germans began Operation "Ox Head", a Corps level assault by German Paratroopers, elements of 10th Panzer Division and the 501st Heavy Tank Battalion. The 5th Battalion was supported by 155th Battery, Royal Artillery. The Germans had to take the Hampshires' hilltop positions before they could attack the artillery, knocking out all the guns, whose crews stood and died firing over open sights at the German tanks. Only 9 gunners survived. At 5pm ‘B’ Company of the 5th Battalion, reduced to 30 men, was overrun. At dusk the battalion considered its position untenable, and it withdrew to a feature known as "Hampshire Farm". Of the four Rifle Companies, only ‘C’ Company, less a single platoon, and 30 men of ‘D’ Company, remained. The German force was delayed for one critical day.[33]

Later in the month the Hampshire Brigade was attacked at Hunt's Gap by the German force that had been delayed at Sidi N'sir. 2/4th was the main Battalion engaged, with 1/4th Battalion in support. The 2/5th Leicesters was attached to the brigade as well. The situation was so precarious that the 2nd Hampshires, still training its new recruits, was put into the line alongside 1/4th Battalion. The brigade was supported by plenty of artillery and the Churchill tanks of the North Irish Horse. Extensive minefields and heavy dive bombing kept the German tanks at bay. On 28 February a pre-dawn attack penetrated the 2/4th battalion’s ‘B’ Company positions, but heroic resistance and the tanks of the North Irish Horse kept the Germans at bay until dusk, when ‘B’ Company was overrun. ‘C’ Company was overrun by German infantry. On 1 March the Germans attacked again, and ‘D’ Company was overrun, but 2/4th Battalion hung on to their remaining positions. On 2 March the Germans withdrew, and on 5 March the 2/4th Battalion was relieved by the 8th Battalion, Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders of 36th Brigade of the 78th Battleaxe Division. The 2/4th Battalion had suffered 243 men killed or missing.[34]

During March the brigade was engaged on defensive patrolling, under heavy shelling. 1/4th Battalion lost 100 casualties during March, but 5th Battalion received 5 Officers and 150 men as replacements. On 5 April the brigade handed over their positions and moved 100 miles south to El Ala. The 128th Brigade subsequently captured the Fondouk Gap, allowing the 6th Armoured Division to pass through and debouche onto the Kairouan Plain.[35] In April 1943 the 128th Infantry Brigade attacked Bou Arada. The 16th Battalion, Durham Light Infantry was added to the brigade for the attack. Five Field regiments and two Medium regiments of the Royal Artillery supported the 128th Brigade. Early progress was good, but when the mist cleared all four battalions were caught in the open under heavy fire, and losses mounted. The rifle companies of 1/4th Battalion only had 3 Officers and 80 men left between them and the 2/4th Battalion had to reorganise onto a three-company basis.[36]

Tunis fell and the North African Campaign was over in May 1943. 128th Infantry Brigade was reconstituted to consist of 2nd Battalion, 1/4th Battalion and 5th Battalion. The 2/4th Battalion was split into two to form two Defence Units of two Beach Groups. Their role was to protect the maintenance area of a Beach Group when it made a landing where no port was available.[37]

The 128th Infantry Brigade was one of three British brigades that made an assault landing at Salerno in Italy as part of British X Corps under command of US Fifth Army, led by Mark Clark in September 1943. The landing was opposed by shore batteries firing shrapnel, and the beaches were raked by machine gun fire. 2nd Battalion and 1/4th Battalion made steady progress, but 5th Battalion had been landed in the wrong place and suffered heavily. A German counter-attack overran ‘B’ Company and the Battalion HQ of 5th Battalion. The 5th Battalion lost 40 men killed and over 300 were wounded or taken prisoner.[38]

On 12 September the Germans started a general assault against the Salerno bridgehead, which made good progress, the US VI Corps were almost driven into the sea. However, the arrival of US paratroops and the British 7th Armoured Division turned the tide. 128th Brigade was in the hills above Salerno, and the fighting was hard, but on 20 September the Germans began to withdraw northwards, and the pressure eased.[39] All three battalions had suffered – 2nd Battalion suffered 304 casualties, 1/4th Battalion suffered 159 casualties and the 5th Battalion suffered 29 officer and over 400 other rank casualties.[40]

The 128th Brigade, still part of the X Corps, moved up to the River Volturno, behind which the Germans had withdrawn. On 10 October the 1/4th Battalion captured the town of Castel Volturno, alongside the river, and on 12 October the 1/4th made a night assault across the river, establishing a small bridgehead. The 2nd and 5th battalions moved across the river in support, but the entire 128th Brigade was soon engaged in a stiff fire-fight. The brigade advanced some 2,500 yards, and then dug in behind a canal as the Germans bought up tanks. The brigade remained in the low-lying, swampy, mosquito-ridden land between the river and the canal until the Germans withdrew due to a breakthrough elsewhere. The Brigade then advanced along Route 7, meeting little resistance. The 128th Brigade was then taken out of the line for R&R.[41]

In November 1943 the Hampshire Brigade moved up to the River Garigliano. It was relieved on 11 January, and moved back to the River Volturno. They were selected as the Assault Brigade of the 46th Infantry Division, and trained in river crossings. Then in January 1944 the Hampshire Brigade made a night assault across the swift flowing River Garigliano. The brigade had severe problems getting the boats through the minefields down to the river, and in the darkness confusion reigned. Only a few men managed to get across, and these were withdrawn at daylight. The Hampshire Brigade then assaulted Monte Damiano, a bare, razor-backed feature, already strewn with British dead from 56th (London) Infantry Division. The assault was made by the 1/4th and 2nd battalions in daylight, and immediately came under heavy mortar and machine-gun fire. The attack was made with great dash, but it failed, with heavy casualties.[42]

The 5th Battalion was put under the command of 138th Infantry Brigade, part of the 46th Division, to assault Mounts Ornito and Cerasola in February 1944. The assault met little opposition, although the Germans put in spirited counter-attacks on Mount Ornito, which were all driven off. However, as the days passed the casualties mounted from heavy shelling; the bare rock made cover difficult. In eight days the 5th Battalion suffered 200 casualties. Supply was particularly difficult, as supplies had to be carried up by mules and porters for 3 to 4 hours from the nearest road. On 7 February, the 5th Battalion attacked Mount Cerasola, a successful assault. On 10 February, the 5th Battalion was relieved.[43]

The Hampshire Brigade was relieved later in the month. It moved south to Naples and on 16 March they sailed for Egypt, and subsequently moved to Palestine, Lebanon, Syria, and back to Egypt. All battalions were brought up to strength, largely from gunners from disbanded Middle-East Anti-Aircraft units who were retrained as infantrymen. On 27 June the 128th Brigade sailed from Alexandria, and subsequently landed in Taranto. The move north through Italy was at an easy pace.[44]

In August 1944 the 128th Brigade started its assault on the "Gothic Line", a line of German defences across the Etruscan Apennines. The Hampshire brigade, with the North Irish Horse under command, led the 46th Division’s assault (along with the 46th Reconnaissance Regiment). The brigade’s first target was to cross the River Metauro and take Monte Bartolo. The assault went to plan against little opposition, and Mount Bartolo was captured by the morning of 29 August. The brigade had marched 25 miles to cover 12 miles as the crow flies, and climbed 1,500 feet. Only the 1/4th Battalion had come across serious opposition, engaging in heavy fighting around Montegaudio. Later in the month the brigade assaulted the Gothic Line proper, crossing the River Foglia and assaulting Monte Gridolfo. This was heavily defended, with all cover cleared from its bare slopes. Nevertheless, the men of the 2nd Battalion assaulted them with great vigour, and by dawn on 31 August they had captured the first crest. The 1/4th Battalion passed through, driving deeper into Gothic Line. During this assault, Lieutenant Gerard Norton was awarded the Victoria Cross. On 1 September, the 5th Battalion took the lead, and by 2 September had captured Meleto. The Gothic Line had been breached. A fighting advance continued northwards. On 5 September the 128th Brigade was relieved, and sent to the rear for rest, but they were back in the line by 11 September.[45]

The 128th Brigade began an assault on Montescudo in September 1944. Montescudo was defended by the German 100th Mountain Regiment, and they put up a desperate resistance. Other elements of the Brigade assaulted Trarivi, which was captured by 16 September. On 18 September, the brigade was relieved. All three battalions were short of men, even after replacements were received from the 1st Battalion, Buffs (Royal East Kent Regiment). The Hampshire Brigade crossed the River Fiumicino, and then the Rubicon. The weather was atrocious, and movement was slowed by deep mud, and supply was difficult. Fighting continued until 9 October. A steady advance was made, and by 12 November the River Montone was crossed; on 26 November the River Lamone was reached. This was crossed on 3 December in the face of stiff opposition, and by 6 December the Brigade had captured Casa Nova. The Brigade was relieved the following day, and moved well to the rear. From 24 August (when the 128th Brigade moved up to the Gothic Line) to 7 December when they were relieved, the 128th (Hampshire) Brigade had suffered 1,276 casualties.[46]

In January 1945 the 2nd Battalion and the 5th Battalion embarked from Taranto and disembarked in Piraeus, Greece, two days later. 1/4th Battalion arrived on 22 January. The 128th (Hampshire) Brigade (now known as "Tigerforce") split its battalions, and set about disarming the E.L.A.S Army. The troops were welcomed everywhere, and there was no fighting. Then in April 1945 the brigade began to return to Italy for the final offensive. By 1 May the brigade was back in the line around Forlimpopoli; but the war ended before the brigade was in action again.[47]

The 2/4th Battalion

The 20th Beach Group ("A" and "B" companies) invaded Sicily as part of Operation Husky in July 1943. The role of the Beach Group was to land supplies until a harbour could be captured. On 12 July, 20 Beach Group moved inland, behind the advancing infantry, but by 22 July the half-battalion was in the line, capturing Mount Scalpello. On 4 August the half-battalion moved to Catania, where they remained on garrison duty.[48]

In September 1943 the 21st Beach Group ("C" and "D" companies) invaded Salerno. The assault went in at dawn against stiff opposition, and rather than take its allotted role the half-battalion was moved straight into the line. However, there was little action until 13 September when the half-battalion was attacked by armoured half-tracks. This happened again on 15 September when ‘D’ Company was overrun. However, the half-tracks didn’t assault ‘D’ Company as such, they ran over the slit trenches until picked off by 6pdr anti-tank guns. On 17 September the half-battalion was moved back into reserve, and by 23 September they were back on the beaches unloading cargo.[49]

In November 1943 the two halves of the 2/4th Battalion were re-united at Portecagnano near Naples. However, there was no immediate employment, and orders were received to send cadres to the three battalions in the 128th (Hampshire) Brigade (this was rescinded after protests). However, six officers and 77 other ranks were posted away to form the "2/4th Hampshire Training Centre", three officers and 188 other ranks were assigned to ‘porterage duties’ and another detachment of 50 men was assigned to help the Provost Corps with traffic duties.[50]

The Battalion was back in the line in Italy, near Garigliano, as part of 28th Infantry Brigade, in 4th Infantry Division in February 1944. This was the same ground where the Hampshire Brigade had suffered through the Italian winter. The battalion was relieved for short periods on a regular basis before returning to the line. In May 1944 the Battalion assisted the other two battalions of their brigade (2nd King's and 2nd Somersets) to cross the River Rapido as part of the assault on Monte Cassino. The river and bank were under intense enemy fire, and the river so swift that swimmers from 2/4th had to cross with lines to enable the boats to get across. Troops got across the river but could make little headway against the storm of machine gun fire. The 2/4th could not get across to join their fellow battalions, and so on 12 May they came under command of 12th Infantry Brigade and crossed via a bridge on 13 May. Supported by 17th/21st Lancers and their Sherman tanks, the 2/4th Battalion attacked along the river, taking 200 prisoners. On 14 May, back in 28th Brigade, the 2/4th attempted to cross the River Pioppeta. The bridge for tanks sunk in the mud, and the battalion took 100 casualties in two minutes. The 2/4th waded the river, but in spite of heavy casualties and fierce resistance, the advance continued. During this advance, Captain Richard Wakeford was awarded the Victoria Cross. By 6.30pm all objectives had been captured, and the 2/4th reorganised on a three-company basis. On 16 May the battalion was relieved. Two days later, Cassino was captured by the Polish II Corps.[51]

In June 1944 the Battalion was back in the line near the village of Villastrada, between Lake Chiusi and Lake Trasimeno to north of Rome. On 24 June a major attack was launched on that section of the Trasimene Line by 2nd Battalion, Somerset Light Infantry supported by the tanks of 12th Canadian Armoured Regiment. 2/4th Hampshires were to follow on, but their entry into battle was delayed until the next day. Having passed through the village of Vaiano, which they found unoccupied, an attack was launched on a ridge being held by the German 1st Parachute Division. Although "C" Company established a foothold on the ridge, occupying a farmhouse, that night a fierce German counter-attack was made by the Germans, who overran the company headquarters. Fighting was close and confused, and the company ran low on ammunition. It was forced back to literally the last ditch, but hung on. At dawn the next day, 26 June, the battalion counter-attacked and managed to recapture their previous positions; the Germans were withdrawing to the Arezzo Line. The 2/4th Battalion followed up, coming into action again on 21 July. Supported by the North Irish Horse, a steady advance was made. The 2/4th Battalion was then taken out of the line again – some platoons were down to ten men each with no officer.[52]

The Battalion attacked Santa Lucia, a small but fierce battle which was captured on 30 July 1944. The enemy then withdrew, and the Battalion moved up to the River Arno. On 10 August the battalion was withdrawn. In September 1944 the Battalion began its assault on the Gothic Line, attacking across the River Marano and capturing Casa Bagli. All the first day objectives were achieved, and the 2/4th defended them on 16 September against German counter-attacks. On 17 September the battalion captured Cerasola, and were relieved the following day. The battalion then moved north behind the British Eighth Army’s advance, arriving in time to stand by to support the Hampshire Brigade’s assault on Forli during November. During 22 November the 2/4th attacked and captured a bridgehead over the River Cosina against heavy shelling, and this was the battalion’s last action in Italy.[53]

In December 1944 the Battalion was flown to Greece in the bomb-bays of Wellington and Liberator bombers in response to the outbreak of the Greek Civil War, arriving 12 December. The E.L.A.S. Army, armed and trained by the British, was trying to overthrow the Greek Government. On arrival, the 2/4th Battalion was split up, primarily defending the airfield, then clearing E.L.A.S. forces from Athens. This did involve some fighting, and the 2/4th Battalion lost three men killed. The 2/4th Battalion then settled down to peace-keeping duties. In May 1945 the Battalion was moved to Crete to take charge of the Germans, who had surrendered, and they ended the war there.[54]

The 7th Battalion

The 7th Battalion was a Territorial Army unit, originally the 5/7th Battalion until it was split into the 5th and 7th battalions when the Territorial Army was doubled in size in the spring and summer of 1939. The 7th Battalion remained in the United Kingdom training long and hard for many years until after the D-Day landings of 6 June 1944.[55]

The Battalion was sent to Normandy as reinforcements with the 130th Infantry Brigade attached to the 43rd (Wessex) Infantry Division. In June 1944 the Battalion landed near Le Hamel. They were with 130th Brigade (with 4th and 5th Dorsets) and were initially held in reserve. The Battalion attacked Maltot, supported by tanks of 9th Royal Tank Regiment (9th RTR) in July 1944. The village was defended by Waffen-SS troops supported by Tiger tanks. Both the 7th Battalion and 9th RTR suffered severe casualties, and although the 7th Battalion managed to fight its way into the village it was withdrawn. The 7th Battalion suffered 18 officer and 208 other rank casualties, including 4 officers and 12 other ranks killed, but was back in the line two days later.[56]

The Battalion attacked the village of Cahagnes later in the month. This was fought in typical ‘bocage’ countryside, but after the initial attack by the brigade ran into difficulties, 7th Battalion deployed from reserves and captured Cahagnes, beating off several German counter-attacks. On 2 August, the battalion moved up to Jurques, and after a short stiff fight advanced to "Point 132", close to Mount Pincon. On 6 August, the battalion put in a deceptive attack on Mount Pincon, making a diversion whilst 129th Infantry Brigade made a flank attack. During heavy fighting, 'C' Company lost many casualties, including all the officers. Following the successful flank attack by 129th Brigade, the 7th Battalion mopped up and concentrated near Mauny by 10 August.[57]

In August 1944 the Battalion captured St Denis de Mere after a bombardment by 9 artillery regiments. The Battalion took 74 prisoners and then prepared for "The Breakout". The Battalion then moved 50 miles north-east to Conches, and by 27 August, the 7th Battalion was across the River Seine. The battalion then participated in the capture of Tilly, and thereafter spent 11 days taking in replacements and resting. In September 1944 the Battalion started to move to Brussels for temporary garrison duty, arriving the next day. This easy duty was welcome; since landing in Normandy in June, the 7th Hampshires had lost (including wounded) 35 officers and 450 other ranks.[58]

The Battalion fought in Operation Market Garden in September 1944. On 20 September, the battalion moved through Eindhoven to Grave. The battalion was tasked with defending the southern end of the two large bridges over the Waal. On 23 September, the 7th was sent into the line, fighting west of the bridges in the Valburg-Elst area. They then moved to the "Island" and stayed there until 4 October, before moving to the Groesbeek-Mook area on the Dutch-German border.[59]

In November 1944 the Battalion was moved to Maastricht, and then moved around as divisional reserve. On 19 December the German launched their Ardennes offensive which caused the 7th Battalion to move north of Liege to guard the bridges over the Meuse. On 26 December, the 7th Battalion moved to Aachen, and on 12 January moved again to Teveren. Then in January 1945 the Battalion captured Putt, then Waldenrath, and on 25 January captured Dremmen and Porselen. The Battalion advanced south-east from Cleves as part of the big Reichwald offensive. Over two days fighting for Berkhofel, the 7th lost 70 casualties. It was relieved on 17 February.[60]

The Battalion crossed the Rhine in assault craft, consolidating on the far bank and then advancing across the IJssel Canal to Milligen, which was captured on 26 March. German resistance was collapsing, and the 7th moved over the Twente Canal on 1 April, liberating Hengelo. In April 1945 the 7th Battalion took part in operation "Forward On", sweeping through Germany against minimal resistance. However, on 13 April the Battalion had a hard fight for Cloppenburg, a fight which was as hard as any they had fought, vicious hand-to-hand fighting from street to street. Luckily they were supported by tanks, sappers of the Royal Engineers and a single Armoured Vehicle Royal Engineers, which demolished several buildings with its petard. Cloppenburg was captured the next day. Then in April, the Battalion embarked on its final advance, moving through Bahlum, Bremen, then Bremerhavan, capturing hundreds then thousands of prisoners. The 7th Battalion reached Gnarrenburg on 3 May, and were still there when the Germans surrendered the following day.[61]

The Home Based Battalions

Although the Hampshire Regiment sent 6 battalions overseas, many more stayed at home as training units or being converted to other roles. Before the war, the 6th Battalion (Duke of Connaught’s Own), Hampshire Regiment was converted into an anti-tank regiment and became part of the Royal Regiment of Artillery and, upon the Territorial Army being doubled in size in 1939, formed a 2nd Line duplicate. The 59th Anti-Tank Regiment, Royal Artillery served with the 43rd (Wessex) Infantry Division and went with them to Normandy.[62] The original 8th Battalion (Isle of Wight Rifles), Hampshire Regiment was transferred to the Royal Artillery and made into an artillery battery in 1937. However, a new 8th Battalion was formed, shortly after the war began, at Southampton in December 1939. It subsequently split into the 1/8th and 2/8th Battalions, before the 2/8th Battalion was renamed the 13th Battalion, and then both battalions were re-formed into the 8th Battalion again, which was subsequently renumbered the 30th Battalion and was disbanded in September 1942.[63]

The 9th Battalion was formed in the Isle of Wight in July 1940 and was later assigned to the 201st Independent Infantry Brigade (Home). In 1942 the battalion was transferred to the Royal Armoured Corps and converted to armour as 157th Regiment of the Royal Armoured Corps and was assigned to 36th Army Tank Brigade. Units converted in this way continued to wear their infantry cap badge on the black beret of the Royal Armoured Corps.[64] However, the brigade was disbanded in July 1943 and 157 RAC was broken up in August, without having seen active service.[65]

The 10th Battalion was formed in Aldershot in July 1940, and assigned to the 201st Independent Infantry Brigade (Home), alongside the 9th Battalion. In 1941, the 10th Hampshire was also transferred to the Royal Armoured Corps to become 147th Regiment Royal Armoured Corps and was assigned to the 34th Army Tank Brigade.[66] Its Churchill tanks were named after Hampshire Regiment battles (the CO’s tank was called "Minden"). The regiment went to serve with distinction with 34th Tank Brigade in the North West Europe Campaign at Normandy, Le Havre, the Reichswald Forest and Operation Plunder from 1944 to 1945 .[67]

The 50th (Holding) Battalion was formed in the Isle of Wight in June 1940, and absorbed the Royal Militia of the Island of Jersey. The Jersey Militia subsequently became the 11th Battalion, whilst the rest of the 50th Battalion became the 12th Battalion. The 11th Battalion stayed in the United Kingdom as a training battalion until the war ended, with the 209th Brigade and later the 135th Brigade, 45th (Holding) Division. The 12th Battalion also stayed in the United Kingdom, with the 136th Brigade, but was disbanded in September 1944 and sent a final and large draft to the 7th Battalion serving in North-west Europe.[68]

The 70th (Young Soldiers) Battalion was formed in Southampton in September 1940, but soon moved to Basingstoke. It was raised for those soldiers around the age of 18 or 19 who had volunteered for the Army but were not old enough to be conscripted, the age being 20 at the time. However, the battalion was disbanded in July 1943 as the British government lowered the age of conscription for the British Armed Forces from 20 to 18.[69]

The Hampshire Regiment had its Regimental Depot in Winchester since long before the Second World War. In September 1939 it moved to Parkhurst, Isle of Wight, where it stayed for the rest of the war.[70]

Post war and amalgamation

In 1946 the regiment was awarded the title of Royal Hampshire Regiment in recognition of its service during the Second World War.[71][72] The regiment in Northern Ireland (Operation Banner) in 1972 and undertook a further 8 tours over the next two decades.[73] In 1992, as part of the Options for Change reorganisations, the regiment was merged with the Queen's Regiment to become the Princess of Wales's Royal Regiment.[74] The Royal Hampshire Regiment Museum is located in Serle's House in Winchester, Hampshire. It is one of several regimental museums that comprise Winchester's Military Museums.[75]

Battle honours

The Regiment was awarded the following battle honours:[76]

1. For services of 37th (North Hampshire) Regiment of Foot.

2. For services of 67th (South Hampshire) Regiment of Foot.

Recipients of the Victoria Cross

Notes and references

  1. 1 2 Swinson, Arthur (1972). A Register of the Regiments and Corps of the British Army. London: The Archive Press. p. 222. ISBN 0-85591-000-3.
  2. ↑ Hamilton, Eric (1968). "Colours of the Regular Army Infantry of the Line 1st July 1881 to 1958". The Bulletin (London: Military Historical Society) (Special Issue No.1): 36.
  3. ↑ Farmer, John S (1901). The Regimental Records of the British Army : a historical résumé chronologically arranged of titles, campaigns, honours, uniforms, facings, badges, nicknames, etc. London: Grant Richards. pp. 148–149.
  4. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 24992. pp. 3300–3301. 1 July 1881.
  5. ↑ "Hampshire Regiment". Anglo-Boer War. Retrieved 29 December 2015.
  6. ↑ "The Anglo-Boer War: A railway accident near Barberton - South African Military History Society". samilitaryhistory.org. Retrieved 1 November 2015.
  7. ↑ "The War - return of troops" The Times (London). Wednesday, 14 May 1902. (36767), p. 13.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 "Hampshire Regiment". The Long, Long Trail. Retrieved 29 December 2015.
  9. ↑ "Hampshire Regiment". 1 Royal Hampshire. Retrieved 29 December 2015.
  10. 1 2 "Regimental History: The Royal Hampshire Regiment". p. 360. Retrieved 29 December 2015.
  11. ↑ "Irish Medals". Retrieved 29 December 2015.
  12. ↑ "1st and 2nd Battalions The Hampshire Regiment". 1rhamps.com. Retrieved 1 November 2015.
  13. ↑ Scott Daniell, p. 46
  14. ↑ Scott Daniell, p. 50
  15. ↑ Scott Daniell, p. 55
  16. ↑ Scott Daniell, p. 128
  17. ↑ Scott Daniell, p. 131
  18. ↑ Scott Daniell, p. 219
  19. ↑ Scott Daniell, p. 228
  20. ↑ Scott Daniell, p. 231
  21. ↑ Scott Daniell, p. 242
  22. ↑ Scott Daniell, p. 244
  23. ↑ Monty's Northern Legions: 50th Northumbrian and 15th Scottish Divisions at War 1939-1945: Patrick Delaforce
  24. ↑ Scott Daniell, p. 59
  25. ↑ Scott Daniell, p. 61
  26. ↑ Scott Daniell, p. 69
  27. ↑ Scott Daniell, p. 89
  28. ↑ Scott Daniell, p. 99
  29. ↑ Scott Daniell, p. 118
  30. ↑ Scott Daniell, p. 75
  31. ↑ Scott Daniell, p. 76
  32. ↑ Scott Daniell, p. 102
  33. ↑ Scott Daniell, p. 107
  34. ↑ Scott Daniell, p. 112
  35. ↑ Scott Daniell, p. 114
  36. ↑ Scott Daniell, p. 117
  37. ↑ Scott Daniell, p. 119
  38. ↑ Scott Daniell, p. 142
  39. ↑ Scott Daniell, p. 144
  40. ↑ Scott Daniell, p. 146
  41. ↑ Scott Daniell, p. 151
  42. ↑ Scott Daniell, p. 157
  43. ↑ Scott Daniell, p. 161
  44. ↑ Scott Daniell, p. 185
  45. ↑ Scott Daniell, p. 191
  46. ↑ Scott Daniell, p. 203
  47. ↑ Scott Daniell, p. 210
  48. ↑ Scott Daniell, p. 133
  49. ↑ Scott Daniell, p. 136
  50. ↑ Scott Daniell, p. 137
  51. ↑ Scott Daniell, p. 171
  52. ↑ Scott Daniell, p. 176
  53. ↑ Scott Daniell, p. 183
  54. ↑ Scott Daniell, p. 209
  55. ↑ Scott Daniell, p. 78
  56. ↑ Scott Daniell, p. 233
  57. ↑ Scott Daniell, p. 237
  58. ↑ Scott Daniell, p. 239
  59. ↑ Scott Daniell, p. 247
  60. ↑ Scott Daniell, p. 250
  61. ↑ Scott Daniell, p. 272
  62. ↑ Scott Daniell, p. 78
  63. ↑ Scott Daniell, p. 79
  64. ↑ George Forty (1998), "British Army Handbook 1939–1945", Stoud: Sutton Publishing, pp. 50–1.
  65. ↑ Scott Daniell, p. 81
  66. ↑ Forty pp. 50–1.
  67. ↑ Forty p. 345.
  68. ↑ Scott Daniell, p. 84
  69. ↑ "The Officers of the 70th Young Soldiers Battalion, DLI, October 1941". Retrieved 28 December 2015.
  70. ↑ "Portsmouth’s World War II dead: The Hampshire Regiment in Focus". 5 July 2010. Retrieved 31 December 2015.
  71. ↑ "Royal corps and regiments - war service honours". The Times. 10 December 1946.
  72. ↑ Army Order 167/1946
  73. ↑ "Royal Hampshire Regiment". National Army Museum. Retrieved 29 December 2015.
  74. ↑ "The Princess of Wales's Royal Regiment". Ministry of Defence. Retrieved 23 May 2014.
  75. ↑ "The Royal Hampshire Regiment Memorial Garden & Museum". Serle's House. Retrieved 16 November 2014.
  76. ↑ "Royal Hampshire Regiment". Regiments.org. Retrieved 29 December 2015.

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