Terminator Genisys

Terminator Genisys

Theatrical release poster
Directed by Alan Taylor
Produced by
Written by
Based on Characters 
by James Cameron
Gale Anne Hurd
Starring
Music by Lorne Balfe
Brad Fiedel (themes)
Cinematography Kramer Morgenthau
Edited by Roger Barton
Production
company
Distributed by Paramount Pictures
Release dates
  • June 22, 2015 (2015-06-22) (Berlin premiere)
  • July 1, 2015 (2015-07-01) (United States)
Running time
126 minutes[1]
Country United States
Language English
Budget $155 million[2]
Box office $440.6 million[3]

Terminator Genisys is a 2015 American science fiction action film, directed by Alan Taylor and written by Laeta Kalogridis and Patrick Lussier. The fifth installment in the Terminator franchise, the film stars Arnold Schwarzenegger, reprising his role as the eponymous character, along with Jason Clarke, Emilia Clarke, and Jai Courtney. The film's plot follows soldier Kyle Reese (Jai Courtney) in the war against Skynet, an artificial general intelligence seeking to destroy the human race. In a sequence of events similar to 1984's The Terminator, John Connor (Jason Clarke), leader of the Human Resistance, sends Reese back in time from 2029 to 1984 to protect Connor's mother, Sarah Connor (Emilia Clarke), who is being targeted by Skynet. However, once Reese arrives in the past he discovers the timeline has been altered, and Sarah has been raised by a reprogrammed Terminator, known as the Guardian (Schwarzenegger), since her childhood.

Megan Ellison and her production company Annapurna Pictures acquired the rights to the franchise in May 2011, and the following year the production of another installment in the series was set up in collaboration with Skydance Productions, owned by her brother David Ellison. The Ellisons made sure to ask for the input of Terminator creator James Cameron, hoping to create something that would get closer to the spirit of the original film and sequel Terminator 2: Judgment Day. Principal photography occurred mostly in New Orleans, while also taking place in the on-screen setting of San Francisco. Six companies handled the film's visual effects, while the prosthetic make-up and animatronics were created by Legacy Effects, a studio founded by the alumni of Terminator veteran Stan Winston.

The film was released by Paramount Pictures on July 1, 2015, in standard digital format, RealD 3D, and IMAX 3D. Terminator Genisys was not well-received by critics, who found the story and performances unsatisfactory, though Schwarzenegger's return to the franchise was praised. It has grossed over $440 million worldwide, making it the second-highest-grossing film of the franchise and Schwarzenegger's career after Terminator 2: Judgment Day, and is intended to be the first of a trilogy.

Plot

In 2029, Human Resistance leader John Connor (Jason Clarke) launches a final offensive against Skynet, an artificial general intelligence system seeking to eliminate the human race. Before the Resistance wins the offensive, Skynet activates a time machine and sends back a T-800 Terminator to 1984 to kill John's mother, Sarah Connor (Emilia Clarke). John's right-hand man, Kyle Reese (Jai Courtney), volunteers to travel back in time to protect her. As Kyle floats in the machine's magnetic field, he witnesses John being attacked by another Resistance soldier (Matt Smith). He then has visions from his childhood about events in 2017.

Upon arrival in 1984, Skynet's T-800 is disabled by Sarah and the Guardian (Arnold Schwarzenegger), a reprogrammed T-800 sent to protect her when she was nine years old. Kyle arrives a short time later and is immediately attacked by a T-1000 (Lee Byung-hun). Sarah and the Guardian join Kyle and destroy the T-1000 using acid. Sarah and the Guardian reveal they have constructed a makeshift time machine similar to Skynet's, and that Sarah plans to travel to 1997 – the year Skynet becomes self-aware. Realizing the timeline has been altered, Kyle is convinced that the future has changed due to the warning he received in his childhood vision. He persuades Sarah to travel to 2017 instead to stop Skynet.

In 2017, Kyle and Sarah materialize in the middle of a busy San Francisco highway and are apprehended by city police. While being treated for injuries, Sarah and Kyle learn that Skynet is called "Genisys", a soon-to-be-unveiled global operating system that is being embraced by the public. John Connor appears and rescues Sarah and Kyle, but the Guardian appears and immediately shoots John, revealing that John is an advanced T-3000 Terminator. While Kyle was being sent back through time, a T-5000 (Smith), the physical embodiment of Skynet disguised as a member of the Resistance, attacked John and transformed him into a Terminator. John was tasked with ensuring Cyberdyne Systems' survival and traveled back in time to assist them with the development of Genisys.

Able to escape to a safe house, Sarah, Kyle, and the Guardian make final preparations to destroy Cyberdyne's Genisys mainframe. They head toward Cyberdyne's headquarters with the T-3000 in close pursuit. During an airborne chase, the Guardian divebombs into the T-3000's helicopter, causing it to crash. The T-3000 survives the crash and enters the Cyberdyne complex, where it advances the countdown from 13 hours to 15 minutes. Kyle, Sarah and the Guardian plant bombs at key points in the facility while holding off the T-3000.

In a final battle, the Guardian traps the T-3000 in the magnetic field of a prototype time machine. Both are destroyed, but just prior to the explosion, the T-3000 throws the remains of the Guardian into an experimental vat of mimetic polyalloy located nearby. Kyle and Sarah reach a bunker beneath the facility, and the explosion sets off the bombs, successfully preventing Genisys from coming online. The Guardian appears, upgraded with mimetic polyalloy components similar to that of the T-1000, and helps them find a way out of the debris.

The trio travels to Kyle's childhood home, where Kyle tells his younger self about Genisys and instructs him to repeat the warning in a mirror – critical insurance that the events lead to their arrival in 2017. Sarah, Kyle and the Guardian drive off into the country. A mid-credits scene reveals that the system core of Genisys was located in a protected subterranean chamber and has survived the explosion.

Cast

Production

Development

While Terminator Salvation was intended to begin a new trilogy, production on a fifth film was put on hold because of legal issues with franchise owner The Halcyon Company, which filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in August 2009.[13][14][15] In an effort to avoid bankruptcy, Halcyon later decided to sell the rights to the franchise and claimed the property was valued at $70 million.[16][17] On February 8, 2010, the franchise auctioned for $29.5 million to Pacificor, a hedge fund company who was the largest creditor in Halcyon's bankruptcy proceedings.[18][19] The deal erased Halcyon's debts owed to Pacificor and guaranteed Halcyon $5 million for each additional Terminator sequel produced to pay off other outstanding debts.[18][20] Pacificor sold the franchise again in May 2010.[21]

In August 2010, Hannover House announced plans to develop a 3D animated film entitled Terminator 3000.[22] Pacificor responded with a cease and desist letter and declined a $20–30 million offer from Hannover for the rights to produce the film.[22] In February 2011, Universal Studios considered investing in a fifth Terminator film, with Arnold Schwarzenegger returning to the title role, Fast Five director Justin Lin behind the helm, and Chris Morgan as the screenwriter.[23] In late April 2011, a proposed Terminator package which dropped Morgan and added producer Robert W. Cort was circulated among Universal Studios, Sony, Lionsgate, and CBS Films.[24]

The package was eventually picked up by Megan Ellison and her production company Annapurna Pictures in May 2011, after they won an auction for the rights to make at least two more Terminator films, including Terminator 5.[25] The deal was finalized on December 4, 2012. The final price was reportedly less than the auction pledge, because new copyright laws had raised concerns that the rights would revert to James Cameron in 2019. Ellison's brother, David Ellison, and others from his Skydance Productions company signed on to co-produce the film.[26][27] Lin had to back away from the project because of his involvement in Fast & Furious 6.[28] Two screenwriters – Laeta Kalogridis of Shutter Island and Patrick Lussier of Drive Angry – were commissioned to write the screenplay in January 2013.[27] Kalogridis and Lussier initially turned down the project three times, but were convinced to write the screenplay by James Cameron.[29]

Paramount Pictures, which has a financing and distribution deal with Skydance, was confirmed as the distributor in June 2013, when they and the producers co-announced a release date of June 26, 2015.[30] Rian Johnson, Denis Villeneuve, and Ang Lee were each approached to take over the directing role from the departed Lin, but eventually Thor: The Dark World director Alan Taylor was selected in September 2013.[31][32] In January 2014, Megan Ellison announced that her production company was no longer financing the film. Instead, Skydance and Paramount would provide funding, though Megan would retain credit as an executive producer.[33][34]

After she acquired the rights to the franchise, Megan Ellison asked James Cameron for input on the new film. Cameron later held several meetings with David Ellison, where they discussed Schwarzenegger's role and how to stay true to the original T-800 character.[35] On August 6, 2014, Schwarzenegger posted a picture to his Twitter account of himself sitting in a production chair on set. The picture revealed the correct spelling of the film's title Terminator Genisys.[36]

Casting

On June 13, 2013, Arnold Schwarzenegger said he would return for his fourth film as the Terminator/T-800.[37] By early November 2013, Garrett Hedlund and Tom Hardy were under consideration for the role of Kyle Reese.[38] In November 2013, the choice for Sarah Connor was narrowed to Emilia Clarke, Tatiana Maslany, and Brie Larson,[39] and Clarke won the role in December.[40] The same month, Jason Clarke entered talks to play John Connor.[41] In February 2014, the studio considered Jai Courtney and Boyd Holbrook for Reese,[42] and later that month Courtney was confirmed for the role.[43] J. K. Simmons began talks for the role of Detective O'Brien in March.[8] Announcements in late March said that Dayo Okeniyi would play Danny Dyson,[44] and that Lee Byung-hun, Michael Gladis and Sandrine Holt joined the cast, Lee in a lead role.[45] Matt Smith joined the cast in May,[46] and Douglas Smith joined in June.[47]

Writing

Laeta Kalogridis and Patrick Lussier were invited to write the script while working on another project with David Ellison and Dana Goldberg. They only agreed to write a Terminator film once James Cameron, a personal friend of Kalogridis who worked with her in Avatar, gave them his blessing. The starting point of the script was to retain Schwarzenegger as a central character, unlike the Star Trek reboot bringing Leonard Nimoy as an older Spock with a minor role. Thus they had to figure out how to write in the actor now being 67, and followed a suggestion of Cameron regarding the Terminator living tissue exterior being vulnerable to ageing, and their own idea of Skynet sending a Terminator after an infant Sarah Connor. Then they extended to featuring the core characters of Kyle, Sarah, and John Connor despite each being from a different time period. While the writers reported to have enjoyed Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines, they opted to escape said film's suggestion that Judgment Day is inevitable due to a causal loop, instead considering that all Terminator timelines exist simultaneously in a multiverse. To properly map out the different timelines and help write the plot, Kalogridis and Lussier had five whiteboards "covering every wall in the office". Eventually they got to a central plot thread, where the Skynet of one universe, which had knowledge of being defeated in various timelines, sent the T-5000 to the Genisys timeline hoping to ultimately beat the humans by "having the best weapon that humans have", John Connor. The first draft of the screenplay, used to attract a director, was delivered on July 2013.[27][48][49]

Filming

Principal photography began on April 21, 2014 in New Orleans, and ended on August 6, 2014 in San Francisco.[50][51][52] Legacy Effects, successor to Stan Winston Studio, created the Terminator robotic and make-up effects, led by John Rosengrant who had worked on the previous four Terminator films. However, Jeff Dawn, lead make-up artist on the first three installments, did not return.[53][54]

The production tried to match the cinematography of the first two Terminator films. Sequences set in the year 1984 favored blue, green and black tones to match the look of The Terminator, while scenes set during the future war against the machines were modeled after similar scenes in Terminator 2: Judgment Day.[55] Fictional Cyberdyne/Genisys headquarters were based on the headquarters of Oracle Corporation, which was founded by the Ellisons' father Larry Ellison.[56]

Visual effects

Visual effects supervisor Janek Sirrs oversaw approximately 1,200 visual effects shots generated at Double Negative, Moving Picture Company (MPC), Industrial Light & Magic (ILM), Lola VFX, One of Us, and Method Studios.[57][58] Double Negative was the leading company, with 900 shots that included the T-1000, T-5000, and T-3000 Terminators, the helicopter and bus chase sequences, and the Cyberdyne explosion. The complexity of the T-3000, which had to be constantly shown as a living mass of nanomites with the ability to transform in successive layers, required as much as 20 hours to render a single frame. The mechanical cells aimed to resemble the material on stealth aircraft, with a result described as "more matte than metal", resembling a slightly iridescent ceramic carbon. Given that the T-3000 was a man transformed into a robot, the design aimed for a human shape streamlined for better combat efficiency. The T-1000 was built out of fluid simulations, with the environments being filmed with high-resolution cameras to ensure proper reflection. Its acid destruction was realistically depicted following studies on acids burning metal and ingots of aluminum. Double Negative's artists shot many reference plates of San Francisco, including scans of the Golden Gate Bridge, to ensure the city was recreated properly in the bus and helicopter chases.[58][59]

MPC's most elaborate effect was the digital recreation of the original Terminator, which required 12 months for 35 shots which were completed just 30 minutes before the final print was submitted to the studio. Performance capture was only used for facial animation, as Schwarzenegger was scanned reading his lines. The studio's artists studied various archive footage of Schwarzenegger, focusing mostly on The Terminator and Pumping Iron, and were given a plaster cast of him made in 1984. On-set, the fight between both Terminators at a time had Schwarzenegger and Brett Azar, a bodybuilder chosen for his physical similarity to the actor in 1984, and on more dangerous scenes Azar and a stunt double, requiring effects artists to replace the face of the Guardian as well.[60][61] MPC also handled the future battle, adding set extensions, and Skynet robots and vehicles, based on the practical models made by Legacy Effects. Industrial Light & Magic did both the opening scene where San Francisco is wiped out during Judgement Day, which drew inspiration from the Los Angeles nuclear destruction of Terminator 2, and the Terminator vision.[58]

For the IMAX 3D release, the film was remastered using IMAX DMR technology to create the 3D effects and high resolution film print.[62]

Music

Lorne Balfe composed the movie's score.[63] Balfe aimed to create a soundtrack that stood in its own given the film's status as "not a prequel and not a sequel", while also employing the iconic theme written by Brad Fiedel for The Terminator, "have a nod to the past but also bring it into the future."[64] Chinese pop singer Jane Zhang and hip hop artist Big Sean contributed the single "Fighting Shadows", released by Def Jam Recordings on June 30, 2015, as a bonus track on the film's soundtrack.[65][66] The bonus track is Zhang's first recording for English-language listeners and Big Sean’s musical debut for a feature film.[67] A music video of the single produced and directed by Robby Starbuck featured footage from the film.[68]

The Ramones' "I Wanna Be Sedated", OneRepublic's "Love Runs Out" and Inner Circle's "Bad Boys" are all played in the film but are not included on its soundtrack.[69]

Soundtrack

Terminator Genisys: Music from the Motion Picture
Film score (Digital audio) by Lorne Balfe, except bonus track
Released June 24, 2015
Genre Soundtrack
Length 71:52
Label Skydance
Producer Hans Zimmer (executive)

All music composed by Lorne Balfe.

Release

The premiere for Terminator Genisys was held at the Dolby Theatre in Hollywood on June 28, 2015.[70] The film was released in ten markets on June 25, and the following week debuted in 35 countries, including the United States,[71] in regular, RealD 3D and IMAX 3D formats.[72] As of July 26, the film was playing in 64 countries outside of North America.[73] The film was released in China on August 23, 2015.[74]

Marketing

On December 2, 2014, Paramount released the first motion poster for the film, showing a T-800 disintegrating into dust before the logo appears. A trailer preview was released the following day, showing brief clips of the film accompanied by Ten Years After's song "I'd Love to Change the World", covered by Jetta. A break from past Terminator releases, the preview featured somewhat forced-looking camera motion in aerial effect sequences and a first look at the color-grading used to invoke the look of past films. The full trailer debuted on December 4.[75] The second trailer, released In April 2015, was noted for spoiling the plot twist where John Connor becomes a Terminator,[76] a decision criticized by Alan Taylor and the writers, who intended to keep this a secret.[27][77]

WWE's WrestleMania 31 event on March 29, 2015 promoted the film with an elaborate entrance stage for Triple H in his match against Sting. The stage featured Triple H donning a Terminator-style outfit and a video of Schwarzenegger telling fans that "Judgment Day is here. It's time to play the game."[78]

On June 14, 2015, Schwarzenegger visited the Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton for an advanced screening of Terminator Genisys.[79] On June 16, 2015, the mobile navigation app Waze added the voice of Schwarzenegger, in the role of a Terminator, as an option for the voice navigation.[80] On June 19, 2015, Schwarzenegger and Emilia Clarke were featured on The Graham Norton Show to promote the movie.[81] That same day, Schwarzenegger released a video of himself walking around Hollywood dressed as the Terminator, including posing as a wax model at Madame Tussauds Hollywood. The video promoted a fundraising contest in support of charity After-School All-Stars, which would bring selected donors to the Terminator Genisys premiere.[82]

Several YouTube personalities starred alongside Schwarzenegger in a YouTube miniseries produced by Heresy and released on June 22, 2015, entitled Terminator Genisys: The YouTube Chronicles.[83] Consisting of videos uploaded by Machinima, Toby Turner, and Lilly Singh, the series also featured Olga Kay, Sean Klitzner, Lloyd Ahlquist, and Matthew Santoro, among others.[84]

On June 24, Schwarzenegger spoke to the visitors of an early fan screening of the movie in New York City that had been announced on Reddit, which was followed by an interview and selfie-session.[85]

Home media

The film was released on digital download on October 20, 2015 and was released by Paramount Home Entertainment on DVD, Blu-ray and Blu-ray 3D on November 10, 2015.[86]

Reception

Box office

As of September 17, 2015, Terminator Genisys has grossed $89.7 million in North America and $350.4 million in other territories for a worldwide total of $440.2 million.[3] Only Terminator 2: Judgement Day earned more at the box office in the Terminator franchise.[87][88] Given its $155 million production budget and the $50–100 million analysts estimate was spent on marketing, Bloomberg Business estimated that the film would have needed to earn at least $450 million during its theatrical run to break even.[89] In August 2015, Forbes highlighted Terminator Genisys as the first American film to earn $400 million worldwide without also crossing $100 million in North America, a distinction only shared with French film The Intouchables.[90]

United States and Canada

In the United States and Canada, Terminator Genisys opened on July 1, 2015, the same day as drama-comedy Magic Mike XXL, across 3,700 theaters, and was previewed in Tuesday night showings on June 30, 2015, across 2,527 theaters. The films, along with holdovers Jurassic World and Inside Out, were each projected to earn approximately $45–55 million over the Independence Day weekend and approximately $27–30 million over the three day weekend.[91]

Box office analysts noted that Terminator Genisys would have to compete with Jurassic World, and to some extent Ted 2, for male moviegoers. They expected the film to have the upper hand with its replacement of Jurassic World in IMAX theaters, but it was expected to have to earn a large haul overseas to make up any deficits.[2] It made $2.3 million from Tuesday night preview showings – the highest for Paramount Pictures, breaking the $2.1 million record set by Hercules (2014) – and $8.9 million on its opening day (Wednesday).[92][93][94] It went on to finish with $42.4 million over the 5-day opening stretch, including a weekend haul of $27 million from 3,758 theaters, placing it in third place at the box office behind Jurassic World and Inside Out.[95] Scott Mendelson of Forbes suggested several possible reasons for the poor box office performance: bad marketing, negative reviews, competition from the family-friendly Jurassic World and Inside Out, the decline of Schwarzenegger's star power and the fact that Americans have become apathetic to another Terminator movie.[96]

Other markets

As of the weekend ending August 2, 2015 it was playing across 65 countries including the U.S. and Canada with China being released on August 23, 2015.[97] For the film's overseas box office performances, comparisons were made with Paramount's own Mission: Impossible – Ghost Protocol (2011), along with Pacific Rim, Lucy, and World War Z, instead of its predecessor Terminator Salvation (2009) and other previous Terminator films.[98][99][100] The film was released in ten countries ahead of its North American debut starting from June 25, 2015, earning $8.4 million in its opening weekend.[101] In its second weekend, the film expanded to 46 countries — adding 36 new countries — earning $73.3 million, debuting at first place at the international box office for one weekend[102] before being overtaken by Minions the following weekend.[100] It eventually topped the box office outside of North America for four non-consecutive weekends.[103][104]

It had the biggest opening in the franchise and the best for Schwarzenegger in Singapore ($1.4 million) and Colombia ($1.3 million), both of which were above the opening of Terminator Salvation and in 28 other countries, including Russia, Korea and Mexico,[102] Likewise, the film also went number one in Peru, Vietnam, Turkey and in 28 other countries.[101][102] the biggest for Paramount in Argentina ($2.3 million),[100] the biggest July opening and the fifth biggest of all time in Russia and the CIS with $12.5 million.[102] In the UK and Brazil, it opened at number two earning $5.8 million and $3.9 million respectively, both behind Minions, also in France with $3.8 million behind Les Profs 2.[102] Other notable openings were in South Korea ($11.2 million), Mexico ($6.1 million), Japan ($5.4 million), Australia ($4.4 million), Germany ($3.1 million) and India ($3 million).[100][102] Its largest markets outside of the U.S. and Canada are South Korea ($23.5 million), Russia ($21.8 million), Japan ($19 million) the U.K. ($16.1 million) and Brazil ($11.1 million).[73][105] In China, it earned $2.2 million in midnight showings which is the fourth biggest of all time and $27.4 million on its opening day (August 23, 2015), which is the fourth biggest opening day of all time for a Hollywood movie in the market behind Furious 7, Avengers: Age of Ultron and Transformers: Age of Extinction. It eventually topped the international box office just by a day gross from China.[106] It went on to earn $82.8 million through its 8-days opening week (Sunday to Sunday), $58 million (Monday to Sunday), and $23.4 million through its 3-days opening weekend (Friday to Sunday).[103][107] Rob Cain of Forbes attributed its successful opening in China due to Schwarzenegger's popularity there, the audience's appeal for movies featuring robots, disasters and machines, and for being the first Hollywood movie to be released after the nearly 60 days blackout period in which non-Chinese movies were barred from going to general release in the country.[108] As of September 12, 2015, it has grossed approximately $112.8 million in China.[109][110]

Critical response

The Los Angeles Times said critics found the film to be a "messy sequel" that was a "convoluted retread" of past films.[111] According to TheWrap, critics found the time travel storyline to be "convoluted" and that the performances were "unremarkable" aside from Schwarzenegger reprising his role.[112] The film review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes surveyed 217 critics and, categorizing the reviews as positive or negative, assessed 56 as positive and 161 as negative. Of the 217 reviews, it determined an average rating of 4.7 out of 10. It gave the film a score of 25% and summarized the critical consensus, "Mired in its muddled mythology, Terminator: Genisys is a lurching retread that lacks the thematic depth, conceptual intelligence, or visual thrills that launched this once-mighty franchise."[113] The similar website Metacritic surveyed 41 critics and assessed 24 reviews as mixed, 12 as negative, and 5 as positive. It gave the film a weighted average score of 38 out of 100, indicated by the website as "generally unfavorable reviews".[114] In CinemaScore polls, cinema audiences gave the film an average grade of "B+" on an A+ to F scale.[115]

Joe Morgenstern of The Wall Street Journal gave the film a negative review, saying it "plays like the worst of all outcomes."[116] Similarly, James Rocchi of The Wrap compared it negatively to The Terminator, saying that Genisys "comes back from the past to water down a whole season of summer moviegoing."[117] Michael Phillips of the Chicago Tribune criticized the unoriginality of the film, stating that it is "simply business and dull business at that."[118]

After having watched a prerelease screening of the film, James Cameron voiced his support for Terminator Genisys, characterizing it as being respectful of the first two films, and saying he felt like "the franchise has been reinvigorated".[119] Michael O'Sullivan of The Washington Post reviewed the film favorably, stating that "Genisys goes back to what made the franchise work in the first place: not the machine inside the man, but vice versa".[120] Richard Lawson of Vanity Fair also gave the film a positive review, stating that it "makes a surprisingly compelling case" for itself.[121] Mark Hughes of Forbes went further, calling many of the negative reviews a result of "cynical nostalgia" that "distrusts change and anticipates failure", and branding the low ratings at aggregate websites as "ridiculously and undeservedly low".[122]

Planned sequels and spin-off TV series

In December 2013, The Hollywood Reporter reported that a spin-off TV series was in the works that would tie directly into the new Terminator trilogy.[123][124] On September 5, 2014, Paramount announced that Terminator Genisys would be the first film in a new stand-alone trilogy, with two sequels scheduled for release on May 19, 2017 and June 29, 2018.[125][126] On February 24, 2015, Schwarzenegger confirmed that he will return for the first sequel.[127] While promoting the film in Berlin in June 2015, Skydance CEO David Ellison and COO Dana Goldberg said that the spin-off TV series was still in development.[128] On July 26, 2015, The Hollywood Reporter reported that Paramount and Skydance declined to comment about the status of the announced sequel and TV series, though they confirmed that international box office performance will be taken into consideration.[129] On September 22, 2015 Deadline wrote that sources told them that the movie failed to clear the needed $150 million in China in order to fast track a sequel.[130] On October 1, The Hollywood Reporter wrote that sources have informed them that the sequel movies and TV spin-off have been put on indefinite hold since the movie has failed to break even.[131] Talking about the future of the franchise, Goldberg said on October 6, 2015 that she "wouldn’t say [it's] on hold, so much as re-adjusting". She stated that despite the disappointing performance of Genisys domestically, the company is happy with its worldwide numbers and still intends to make new movies and the TV series. She indicated production on a sequel cannot start as early as the beginning of 2016 because they are going to spend time researching and talking to audiences how to improve upon the direction they were going to go in the future after Genisys.[132]

In January 2016, Paramount announced that the sequel was removed from their release schedule.[133]

Notes

  1. Emilia Clarke and Jason Clarke are not related.[6]

References

  1. "TERMINATOR GENISYS (12A)". British Board of Film Classification. June 9, 2015. Retrieved June 9, 2015.
  2. 1 2 McClintock, Pamela (June 29, 2015). "Box Office Preview: Can the T-800 and Male Strippers Outrun 'Jurassic World'?". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  3. 1 2 "Terminator: Genisys (2015)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved November 10, 2015.
  4. Sperling, Nicole (June 26, 2015). "Jason Clarke and the reinvention of the Terminator's John Connor". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved December 28, 2015.
  5. Hibberd, James (December 13, 2013). "'Game of Thrones' star Emilia Clarke cast as Sarah Connor in 'Terminator' reboot". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved April 22, 2014.
  6. Goldberg, Matt (11 December 2013). "Jason Clarke in Talks to Play John Connor in TERMINATOR: GENESIS; Director and Studio at Odds over Actress for Sarah Connor". Collider.com. Retrieved 22 August 2015.
  7. Hunter, Craig (May 27, 2014). "'Terminator: Genesis' Call Sheet Reveals Byung-hun Lee's Role As T-1000". ScreenRelish. Retrieved May 27, 2014.
  8. 1 2 Kit, Borys (March 13, 2014). "J. K. Simmons Joins 'Terminator: Genesis'". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved April 22, 2014.
  9. Davis, Scott J. (May 27, 2015). "Interview: Wayne Bastrup discusses his upcoming role in Terminator Genisys". flickeringmyth.com. Retrieved May 27, 2015.
  10. Radio Times staff (July 2, 2015). "Is Doctor Who's Matt Smith skynet in Terminator Genisys?". Radio Times. Retrieved August 30, 2015.
  11. Parrish, Robin (June 22, 2015). "We Know Who Matt Smith Is Playing In 'Terminator: Genisys'". Tech Times. Retrieved August 30, 2015.
  12. Eisenberg, Eric (July 7, 2015). "When The Hell Did Matt Smith Come From In Terminator: Genisys?". Cinema Blend. Retrieved August 30, 2015.
  13. "'Terminator' producers file for bankruptcy [updated]". Los Angeles Times. August 19, 2009. Retrieved April 22, 2014.
  14. Fritz, Ben (August 18, 2009). "'Terminator Salvation' producers sue hedge fund Pacificor". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved April 22, 2014.
  15. "'Terminator' Producers Sue for Fraud". TheWrap. Retrieved April 22, 2014.
  16. "'Terminator' rights may change hands again". Los Angeles Times. September 28, 2009. Retrieved April 22, 2014.
  17. McNary, Dave (November 2, 2009). "Halcyon puts ‘Terminator’ on block". Variety. Retrieved April 22, 2014.
  18. 1 2 NIKKI FINKE, Editor in Chief. "'TERMINATOR' RIGHTS SELL FOR $29.5 MIL". Deadline.com. Retrieved April 22, 2014.
  19. Dobuzinskis, Alex (February 10, 2010). "U.S. judge OKs "Terminator" sale to hedge fund". Reuters. Retrieved July 20, 2015.
  20. Fritz, Ben (February 10, 2010). "Hedge fund Pacificor wins rights to 'Terminator' franchise". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved July 20, 2015.
  21. "Pacificor hires agency to sell "Terminator" rights". Reuters. May 27, 2010. Archived from the original on February 15, 2014. Retrieved February 15, 2014.
  22. 1 2 Fleming, Mike. "'Terminator' Rights Holder Sends Cease And Desist Letter To Kill Proposed 3D Animated Feature". Deadline.com. Retrieved April 22, 2014.
  23. "Arnold Schwarzenegger Back For ‘Terminator 5′ With ‘Fast Five’ Director Justin Lin?". MTV. February 16, 2011. Retrieved April 22, 2014.
  24. Fleming, Mike. "'Terminator' Back With Arnold To Star: Schwarzenegger In Package Shopping Now; 'Fast Five's Justin Lin To Direct". Deadline.com. Retrieved April 22, 2014.
  25. Chadwick, Will (May 13, 2011). "Terminator 5 Rights Fall To Megan Ellison". Wegotthiscovered.com. Retrieved April 22, 2014.
  26. "New Terminator Films (Finally) Coming - IGN". Uk.ign.com. Retrieved April 22, 2014.
  27. 1 2 3 4 "New Terminator Trilogy to Begin on June 26, 2015!". ComingSoon.net. June 27, 2013. Retrieved April 22, 2014.
  28. Fleming, Mike. "'Fast' Schedule Forces Justin Lin To Exit 'Terminator', But He Might Be Back". Deadline.com. Retrieved April 22, 2014.
  29. Bloomenthal, Andrew (July 16, 2015). ""Hell No" – Terminator Genisys". Creative Screenwriting. Retrieved July 18, 2015.
  30. Fleming, Mike. "New 'Terminator' Movie Release Date - Paramount Gives Reboot 2015 Release". Deadline.com. Retrieved July 16, 2015.
  31. Kroll, Justin (September 5, 2013). "‘Terminator’: Alan Taylor of ‘Thor,’ ‘Thrones’ to direct". Variety. Retrieved April 22, 2014.
  32. Eisenberg, Eric (September 5, 2013). "Thor: The Dark World's Alan Taylor To Direct The Terminator Reboot". CinemaBlend.com. Retrieved July 16, 2015.
  33. Kroll, Justin (January 23, 2014). "Annapurna No Longer a Financier on ‘Terminator: Genesis’". Variety. Retrieved April 22, 2014.
  34. Fleming Jr., Mike (January 23, 2014). "Megan Ellison Won’t Fund ‘Terminator’ Revival; David Ellison, Paramount Paying". Deadline.com. Retrieved July 16, 2015.
  35. "James Cameron Talks TERMINATOR: GENESIS and SPIDER-MAN". Collider.com. 2014-06-01. Retrieved 2014-06-20.
  36. "‘Terminator Genisys’ Is Official Title of Terminator 5; Arnold Schwarzenegger Tweets Announcement Photo". SlashFilm. Retrieved August 6, 2014.
  37. "Arnold Schwarzenegger Confirms His Terminator 5 Role, Names January Start". ComingSoon.net. June 13, 2013. Retrieved April 22, 2014.
  38. "'Terminator' Reboot Casting: Emilia Clarke, Brie Larson to Test for Sarah Connor". The Hollywood Reporter. November 8, 2013. Retrieved April 22, 2014.
  39. "'Star Wars: Episode VII,' 'Batman-Superman' and 3 Other Hot Movies Looking for Stars". The Hollywood Reporter. November 25, 2013. Retrieved September 7, 2014.
  40. Fleming, Mike. "Emilia Clarke In 'Terminator' - 'Game Of Thrones' Actress To Play Sarah Connor". Deadline.com. Retrieved April 22, 2014.
  41. "Jason Clarke In Talks To Lead Terminator: Genesis". November 12, 2013. Retrieved November 12, 2013.
  42. Fleming, Mike. "'Terminator Genesis': Between Jai Courtney, Boyd Holbrook For Kyle Reese Role?". Deadline.com. Retrieved April 22, 2014.
  43. Kroll, Justin (February 19, 2014). "Jai Courtney to Play Kyle Reese in ‘Terminator’ Reboot (EXCLUSIVE)". Variety. Retrieved April 22, 2014.
  44. Kroll, Justin (March 28, 2014). "‘Hunger Games’ Actor to Play Miles Dyson’s Son in ‘Terminator’ (EXCLUSIVE)". Variety. Retrieved April 22, 2014.
  45. "'G.I. Joe,' 'Mad Men' and 'House of Cards' Actors Join 'Terminator: Genesis' (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. March 31, 2014. Retrieved April 22, 2014.
  46. Fleming, Mike (March 28, 2014). "'Dr. Who' Matt Smith Joins 'Terminator' Trilogy In Major Role". Deadline.com. Retrieved May 2, 2014.
  47. "Douglas Smith Joins ‘Terminator’ Reboot & ‘Evan’s Crime’; ‘Longmire’s Bailey Chase To ‘Kill For Me’". Deadline. July 12, 2014. Retrieved July 12, 2014.
  48. "Interview: 'Terminator Genisys' Screenwriters Reveal a Secret". CraveOnline.
  49. "Terminator Genisys Writers: ‘We Have Unanswered Questions’". Den of Geek.
  50. "Cameras Roll on Terminator: Genesis!". ComingSoon.net. Retrieved April 22, 2014.
  51. "'Terminator: Genesis' begins shooting today in New Orleans". The Times-Picayune. April 21, 2014. Retrieved April 22, 2014.
  52. "Terminator Reboot Wraps Production, Officially Titled Terminator Genisys". ComingSoon.net. Retrieved 2014-08-06.
  53. "Exclusive: Original Terminator Endo Crew Joins "Genesis" Cast!". TheArnoldFans. March 10, 2014. Retrieved December 4, 2014.
  54. "Legacy Effects To Return For Terminator Genesis!". Scified. March 11, 2014. Retrieved December 4, 2014.
  55. "‘Terminator: Genisys’ Will Match The Colour And Tone Of The First Two Movies—Report". International Business Times. January 25, 2015. Retrieved January 24, 2015.
  56. "'Terminator Genisys' based Cyberdyne on Oracle - Business Insider". Business Insider. July 1, 2015. Retrieved July 8, 2015.
  57. Gregg Shay. "Next Issue :: Cinefex". Cinefex.
  58. 1 2 3 Failes, Ian (July 5, 2015). "Terminator: New makes. New models. New VFX.". FX Guide. Retrieved July 23, 2015.
  59. Loftus, Marc (July 1, 2015). "Summer Movies: 'Terminator Genisys'". Post Magazine. Retrieved July 23, 2015.
  60. "'Terminator: Genisys:' A CG Schwarzenegger Is the Latest in Hollywood's Work Toward Digital Humans". The Hollywood Reporter.
  61. "Terminator Genisys: Re-creating 1984 Arnold Schwarzenegger for the summer's coolest fight scene - EW.com". Entertainment Weekly's EW.com.
  62. "Terminator Genisys to be Released in IMAX Globally Starting July 1". ComingSoon.net. Feb 19, 2015. Retrieved Jul 2, 2015.
  63. "Terminator Genisys (Music from the Motion Picture)". iTunes Store.
  64. Niles, Jon (July 1, 2015). "EXCLUSIVE INTERVIEW: 'Terminator Genisys' Composer Lorne Balfe Talks 2015 Movie Score & More!". Music Times. Retrieved September 9, 2015.
  65. "Fighting Shadows (From "Terminator Genisys") [feat. Big Sean] - Single". iTunes Store.
  66. "New Music: Jane Zhang feat. Big Sean – ‘Fighting Shadows’". Rap-Up.com. Rap-Up.
  67. "Jane Zhang and Big Sean Record Original Song for ‘Terminator Genisys’". EURweb. EURweb. Retrieved Jun 17, 2015. The partnership represents the first time that Zhang has recorded a song for an English-language film and marks Big Sean’s musical debut for a feature film.
  68. "Fighting Shadows Music Video".
  69. Terminator Genisys End Credits
  70. Arnold Schwarzenegger’s Back in Hollywood With ‘Terminator Genisys’ Premiere, Variety
  71. Tartaglione, Nancy. "‘Terminator: Genisys’ Bows To $8.3M; ‘Jurassic World’ Adds $82.5M In International BO - Deadline". Deadline.
  72. "Terminator: Genisys Will Bring Judgement Day To The IMAX In July".
  73. 1 2 Tartaglione, Nancy (July 27, 2015). "‘Minions’, ‘Ant-Man’ Grow In Actuals; ‘Pixels’ Powered By Latin America – Intl B.O. Final". Deadline.com. (Penske Media Corporation). Retrieved July 28, 2015.
  74. Pamela McClintock (July 21, 2015). "'Terminator: Genisys' Gets China Release Date as Blackout Nears End". The Hollywood Reporter ((Prometheus Global Media)). Retrieved July 22, 2015.
  75. Perry, Spencer. "Motion poster debuts, trailer coming Thursday". ComingSoon.net. Retrieved December 2, 2014.
  76. Spoiler alert ahead! Arnie the ageing cyborg makes an explosive return in new trailer for Terminator: Genisys... and a HUGE plot twist is revealed, Daily Mail
  77. "'Terminator: Genisys' Director on Trailer Spoilers: "I Had a Few Unpleasant Conversations"". The Hollywood Reporter.
  78. Westbrook, Caroline (March 30, 2015). "Wrestler Triple H’s ‘Terminator’ entrance is just that bit better with added Arnold Schwarzenegger". Metro. Retrieved April 1, 2015.
  79. Marines Chant ‘Arnold, Arnold’ at ‘Genisys’ Premiere, Times of San Diege, Chris Stone
  80. Bryan Alexander, USA TODAY (June 14, 2015). "Exclusive: Arnold Schwarzenegger voices Waze as the Terminator". USA TODAY.
  81. THE GRAHAM NORTON SHOW: Arnold Schwarzenegger, Emilia Clarke, Jake Gyllenhaal Cara Delevingne, MKWeb, June 19
  82. "‘Terminator Genisys': Arnold Schwarzenegger Pranks The Public For Charity [Video]". Inquisitr (Inquisitr, Ltd). June 22, 2015. Retrieved June 27, 2015.
  83. Regan, Helen (June 24, 2015). "See What It’s Like to Hunt Down YouTube Stars as Terminator With This Virtual Reality 360 Video". Time.com date= June 24, 2015. Retrieved June 28, 2015.
  84. "Terminator Genisys: The YouTube Chronicles". YouTube date= June 22, 2015. Retrieved June 28, 2015.
  85. Acuna, Kirsten (June 25, 2015). "Arnold Schwarzenegger showed up to a fan screening for the next 'Terminator' movie and took a selfie with everyone in the theater". Business Insider. Retrieved June 28, 2015.
  86. "Terminator Genisys (2015)". DVDs Release Dates. Retrieved September 1, 2015.
  87. Patterson, Michael (September 20, 2015). "Rise of the Machines: Why Terminator 6 Should Happen". Moviepilot. Retrieved October 12, 2015.
  88. Mendelson, Scott (September 6, 2015). "Box Office: 'Mission: Impossible' Crosses $500M Worldwide, 'Terminator Genisys' Tops 'Terminator 3'". Forbes. Retrieved October 12, 2015.
  89. Sakoui, Anousha (July 1, 2015). "‘Terminator’ Salvation Hinges on Global Fans After Harsh Reviews". Bloomberg News. Retrieved July 19, 2015.
  90. Scott Mendelson (August 30, 2015). "Box Office: 'Terminator Genisys' Crosses $400 Million Worldwide". Forbes. Retrieved August 31, 2015.
  91. Anthony D'Alessandro (June 29, 2015). "‘Terminator Genisys’ & ‘Magic Mike XXL’ Enter July 4th Frame Too Close To Call". Deadline.com. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  92. McClintock, Pamela (July 1, 2015). "Box Office: 'Magic Mike XXL' Narrowly Outstrips 'Terminator: Genisys' Tuesday Night". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved July 2, 2015.
  93. Anthony D'Alessandro (July 1, 2015). "‘Magic Mike XXL’ Beats ‘Terminator Genisys’ At Tuesday Night Previews, ‘Inside Out’ Crosses $200M". Deadline.com. Retrieved July 2, 2015.
  94. McClintock, Pamela (July 1, 2015). "Box Office: 'Magic Mike 2' Beats 'Terminator 5' But Both Need Bigger Fireworks". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved July 2, 2015.
  95. Anthony D'Alessandro (July 6, 2015). "‘Inside Out’ Steals No. 1 From Dinos At July 4th B.O., ‘Magic Mike XXL’ Pops Viagra On Sunday – Actuals Update". The Hollywood Reporter. (Penske Media Corporation). Retrieved July 7, 2015.
  96. Scott Mendelson (July 6, 2015). "Box Office: 6 Reasons 'Terminator Genisys' Bombed (In America)". Forbes (Forbes, Inc.). Retrieved July 7, 2015.
  97. Tartaglione, Nancy (August 3, 2015). "‘Rogue Nation’ Puts Cruise In Control At $64.5M Offshore; Sets Career & ‘M:I’ Franchise Bests – Intl Box Office Final". Deadline.com. (Penske Media Corporation). Retrieved August 4, 2015.
  98. Busch, Anita (July 3, 2015). "‘Terminator: Genisys’ Pulls In $27.9M And Is Running Ahead Of ‘Ghost Protocol’ – International Box Office". Deadline.com. Retrieved July 4, 2015.
  99. Phil Hoad (July 6, 2015). "I'll be slack: Terminator Genisys flops as Magic Mike's pulling power proves XXS". The Guardian. (Guardian Media Group). Retrieved July 7, 2015.
  100. 1 2 3 4 Tartaglione, Nancy (July 12, 2015). "‘Minions’ Henchmen Nab $124M & No. 1 In 4th Frame; ‘Terminator’ Generates $47M – Intl Box Office". Deadline.com. (Penske Media Corporation). Retrieved July 13, 2015.
  101. 1 2 Tartaglione, Nancy (June 29, 2015). "‘Terminator: Genisys’ Lords Over ‘Salvation'; Dinos Mighty With $84.3M More; ‘Minions’ Well Outpacing ‘DM2′ – Intl Box Office Final". Deadline.com. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  102. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "‘Terminator’ Back With $73.3M; ‘Minions’ Mints Higher Haul Of $56.2M – Intl Box Office Final". Deadline.com. (Penske Media Corporation). July 6, 2015. Retrieved July 7, 2015.
  103. 1 2 Tartaglione, Nancy (August 30, 2015). "‘Terminator’, ‘Mission: Impossible’ Each Cruise Past $300M; ‘Compton’ Tops In UK, Germany – Intl Box Office Update". Deadline.com. (Penske Media Corporation). Retrieved August 31, 2015.
  104. Tartaglione, Nancy (September 6, 2015). "‘Terminator’, ‘Hitman’ Lead Sluggish Frame; ‘Compton’ Tops 5 Markets – International Box Office". Deadline.com. (Penske Media Corporation). Retrieved September 7, 2015.
  105. Scott Roxborough (December 23, 2015). "Hollywood's Surprise 2015 Box-Office Hits and Misses Abroad". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved December 23, 2015.
  106. Tartaglione, Nancy (August 23, 2015). "‘Terminator’ Back To No. 1 As China Re-Opens; ‘M:I5’ Adds $25M; ‘Hitman’ Contracts $8.5M – Intl B.O. Update". Deadline.com. (Penske Media Corporation). Retrieved August 14, 2015.
  107. Patrick Brzeski (August 31, 2015). "China Box Office: 'Terminator Genisys' Marches Towards $100M". The Hollywood Reporter. (Prometheus Global Media). Retrieved September 1, 2015.
  108. Rob Cain (August 24, 2015). "'Terminator Genisys' Rocks China With $26 Million Opening Day". Forbes. Retrieved August 30, 2015.
  109. Tartaglione, Nancy (September 12, 2015). "‘Monster Hunt’ Overtakes ‘F7’ As All-Time China Box Office Champ In 2-Month Run". Deadline.com. (Penske Media Corporation). Retrieved September 12, 2015.
  110. Tartaglione, Nancy (September 13, 2015). "‘Maze Runner: Scorch Trials’ Ignites $26.8M Start; ‘Rogue Nation’ Tops With $91.3M, Crosses $600M WW – Intl B.O.". Deadline.com. (Penske Media Corporation). Retrieved September 14, 2015.
  111. Gettell, Oliver (July 1, 2015). "'Terminator Genisys': Schwarzenegger can't save messy sequel, reviews say". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved July 30, 2015.
  112. Nakamura, Reid (June 30, 2015). "'Terminator Genisys' Reviews: Critics Nostalgic, Bored Over Reboot". TheWrap. Retrieved July 30, 2015.
  113. "Terminator Genisys (2015)". Rotten Tomatoes. Flixster. Retrieved November 10, 2015.
  114. "Terminator Genisys Reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved July 2, 2015.
  115. McClintock, Pamela (July 1, 2015). "Box Office: 'Terminator 5,' 'Magic Mike 2' Off to Muted Start, Need Bigger Fireworks". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved July 2, 2015.
  116. Morgenstern, Joe (July 1, 2015). "‘Terminator Genisys’ Review: Nonsense and Insensibility". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 2015-07-03.
  117. Rocchi, James (2015-06-24). "'Terminator Genisys' Review: Arnold Schwarzenegger's Swagger Can't Save This Redundant Tentpole". Thewrap.com. Retrieved 2015-07-03.
  118. "'Terminator Genisys' review: Rooting for the apocalypse". Chicago Tribune. June 30, 2015. Retrieved 2015-07-03.
  119. Hutchinson, Lee. "Director James Cameron voices support for Terminator Genisys". Condé Nast. Retrieved Jun 9, 2015.
  120. Michael O'Sullivan (June 30, 2015). "Review: ‘Terminator Genisys’ mixes visceral thrills with logic holes". The Washington Post.
  121. Lawson, Richard (2014-01-02). "Terminator Genisys Review". Vanity Fair. Retrieved 2015-07-03.
  122. Hughes, Mark (2015-03-07). "Review: 'Terminator: Genisys' Is True Heir To Cameron's Films". Forbes. Retrieved 2015-07-03.
  123. Lesley Goldberg (December 6, 2013). "New 'Terminator' TV series in the works". The Hollywood Reporter (Guggenheim Partners). Retrieved July 27, 2015.
  124. Ben Kendrick (December 6, 2013). "New ‘Terminator’ TV Series To Tie-In With Movie Reboot Trilogy". Screen Rant. Retrieved July 27, 2015.
  125. "Paramount Sets ‘Terminator’ Relaunch For June 26, 2015". Deadline. Retrieved 2013-06-27.
  126. "Two ‘Terminator’ Pics, Sets ‘The Gambler’ Redo For Oscar-Qualifying Run". deadline.com. September 5, 2014. Retrieved September 6, 2014.
  127. "Arnold Schwarzenegger Says He’ll be Back for Terminator Genisys Sequel". comingsoon.net. February 24, 2015. Retrieved February 24, 2015.
  128. Matt Goldberg (June 26, 2015). "TERMINATOR: TV Show Still in Development; Skydance Heads Hint at 13-Episode Cable Series". Collider.com. Complex. Retrieved July 27, 2015.
  129. Pamela McClintock (July 26, 2015). ""I'll Be Back"? The 'Terminator' Dilemma: When to Admit a Franchise Is Dead". The Hollywood Reporter (Guggenheim Partners). Retrieved July 27, 2015.
  130. Anthony D'Alessandro,Nancy Tartaglione. "‘Mission: Impossible – Rogue Nation’ Becomes Highest Grossing 2D Film in China — Deadline". Deadline. Retrieved October 1, 2015.
  131. Kim Masters. "The Dangers When Financiers Think They Can Produce Movies, Too". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved October 1, 2015.
  132. "TheGrill 2015: 'Terminator: Genisys' Producer on Franchise's Future: Not on Hold but 'Re-Adjusting' (Video)". TheWrap. Retrieved October 7, 2015.
  133. Pamela McClintock (January 20, 2016). "Paramount Takes 'Terminator' Sequel Off Release Schedule". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved January 20, 2016.

External links

Wikiquote has quotations related to: Terminator Genisys
This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the Wednesday, February 10, 2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.