Campus SuperStar (season 1)

Campus SuperStar
Season 1
Broadcast from 2 January 2006 (2006-01-02) – 3 April 2006 (2006-04-03)
Judges Foong Wai See
Cavin Soh
Peter Tan
Li Feihui
Lee Shih Shiong (guest)
Lee Wei Song (guest)
Host(s) Hong Junyang
Dasmond Koh
Sugianto
Christina Lin (guest)
Ng Hui (guest)
Cruz Teng (guest)
Ben Yeo (guest)
Broadcaster MediaCorp Channel U
Winner
Ng Chee Yang
Origin Hwa Chong Institution
Song "一首简单的歌"
Genre(s) Pop
Runner-up
Teresa Tseng

Campus SuperStar is a Singaporean television music competition to find new singing talent. Contestants are students from secondary schools, junior colleges and institutes of technical education. The first season began airing on MediaCorp Channel U on 2 January 2006 and ended on 3 April 2006. The winner was Ng Chee Yang, a sixteen-year-old student from Hwa Chong Institution. He became the first male contestant to win in the show's history. Ng received a two-year MediaCorp management contract and a cash prize of $2,000. The original lineup of judges were Foong Wai See, Cavin Soh and Peter Tan. Li Feihui was brought in as the fourth judge in the first week of semi-final. Hong Junyang, Dasmond Koh and Sugianto hosted the show.

Judges and hosts

The original lineup of judges for season one were Y.E.S. 93.3FM programme director Foong Wai See, actor and singer Cavin Soh as well as vocal coach Peter Tan. From the first semi-final round, singer and songwriter Li Feihui brought in as the fourth judge. MediaCorp host Dasmond Koh, as well as Project SuperStar finalists Hong Junyang and Sugianto were announced as the hosts for the show.[1]

Selection process

Applications and first auditons

The audition was opened to students studying in secondary schools, junior colleges or institutes of technical education in Singapore. Auditionees must remain as a student in Singapore throughout the entire competition, from November 2005 to April 2006. Auditions in front of the judges for season 1 took place at Toa Payoh HDB Hub. The first auditions were held on the level 3 of Junction 8 Shopping Centre from 19 November to 22 November. There were approximately 4,000 students applied to take part in the auditions. At the end of the first round of auditions, successful auditonees were put through by the judges to the second round of auditions.[2][3][4]

Second auditions

The second auditions took place at MediaCorp. The second auditions were held closed-door and there were five judges judging the contestants. At the end of the auditions, a small number of contestants were put through to the third and final round of the auditions.

Third auditions

The third and final round of auditions were held on 13 December 2005, once again at Junction 8 Shopping Centre. At the end of the third auditions, the judges would select 10 contestants each from the male and female categories to form the final 20. The contestants who were selected as the final 20 were put through to the live shows.[2]

Finalists

The final 20 finalists were confirmed as follows;

Key:

Bold – Overall winner
Italic – Overall runner-up
     – Category winner
     – Category runner-up
          – Eliminated in the semi-final
          – Eliminated in the quarter-final
Category Contestants
Male Chen Yi Yuan 陈义元
15, Presbyterian High School
Ho Chee Mun 何梓文
17, Saint Andrew's Junior College
Hong Yu Yang 洪裕阳
16, Manjusri Secondary School
Alejandro Hou 侯卓荣
15, Bendemeer Secondary School
Adriano Huang 黄俊辉
17, Temasek Secondary School
Lee Yin Wei 李尹维
15, Raffles Institution
Kenneth Lim 林沛荣
18, ITE College West
Ng Chee Yang 黄智阳
16, Hwa Chong Institution
Renfred Ng 黄业伦
15, Peicai Secondary School
Samuel Tan 陈志龙
17, Nanyang Junior College
Female Choo Siew Ping 朱秀苹
15, Guangyang Secondary School
Yvonne Chua 蔡嘉航
16, Victoria Junior College
Sheena Goh 吴佩思
17, Saint Andrew's Junior College
Shermaine Goh 吴佩音
17, Tampines Junior College
Koh Bee Kwee 高美贵
16, Temasek Junior College
Ng Imm Khim 黄韵琴
13, East Spring Secondary School
Ng Yang Ce 黄扬策
15, Jurong Secondary School
Geraldine See 史心莹
17, ITE College West
Clara Tan 陈慧伶
15, Dunman High School
Teresa Tseng 曾詠霖
15, CHIJ Katong Convent

Live shows

The live shows began on 2 January. Each week, the contestants' performances took place on Monday at 8pm and the results were announced on the same night at 11.30pm. Each live show had a different theme.

The live final included performances from Nicholas Teo and Project SuperStar season one winner Kelvin Tan. Lee Shih Shiong and Lee Wei Song were brought in as guest judges during the live final as well.

Results summary

Colour key
     Contestant did not perform
     Contestant received the lowest judges' score
     Contestant received the lowest combined result and was eliminated
     Contestant received the highest judges' score or combined result
Weekly results per contestant
Contestant Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Week 7 Week 8 Week 9 Week 10 Week 11 Week 12
Round 1 Round 2
PS RS PS RS PS RS PS RS PS RS PS RS PS RS PS RS PS RS PS RS PS RS PS RS PS RS
Ng Chee Yang 2nd(B)
20.5
Safe(B) N/A N/A N/A N/A 3rd(B)
18.5
Safe(B) 1st(B)
21.5
Safe(B) N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 1st(B)
32.0
Safe(B) 2nd(B)
29.0
Safe(B) 1st(B)
35.5
Safe(B) 1st(B)
48.5
1st(B)
53.7%
1st
51.0
Winner
61.0%
Teresa Tseng N/A N/A 1st(G)
22.5
Safe(G) N/A N/A 1st(G)
23.0
Safe(G) 1st(G)
22.0
Safe(G) N/A N/A N/A N/A 1st(G)
30.5
Safe(G) N/A N/A 1st(G)
29.5
Safe(G) 1st(G)
34.0
Safe(G) 1st(G)
48.5
1st(G)
51.1%
2nd
45.5
Runner-up
39.0%
Renfred Ng 4th(B)
17.5
Safe(B) N/A N/A 4th(B)
17.0
Safe(B) N/A N/A 3rd(B)
18.0
Safe(B) N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 5th(B)
22.0
Safe(B) 1st(B)
30.0
Safe(B) 3rd(B)
26.5
Safe(B) 2nd(B)
41.0
2nd(B)
46.3%
Eliminated
(week 12)
Geraldine See 1st(G)
21.5
Safe(G) N/A N/A 3rd(G)
18.0
Safe(G) N/A N/A 2nd(G)
21.0
3rd(G) Eliminated
(week 5)
1st(G)
21.0
1st(G) 3rd(G)
27.0
Safe(G) N/A N/A 4th(G)
24.0
Safe(G) 3rd(G)
27.5
Safe(G) 2nd(G)
42.5
2nd(G)
48.9%
Eliminated
(week 12)
Adriano Huang N/A N/A 1st(B)
19.5
Safe(B) 2nd(B)
19.5
Safe(B) N/A N/A N/A N/A 2nd(B)
18.5
3rd(B) 1st(B)
22.0
1st(B) N/A N/A 2nd(B)
30.0
Safe(B) 4th(B)
25.0
Safe(B) 2nd(B)
30.0
3rd(B) Eliminated
(week 11)
Clara Tan N/A N/A 5th(G)
16.5
Safe(G) N/A N/A 4th(G)
17.5
Safe(G) 3rd(G)
18.5
Safe(G) N/A N/A N/A N/A 4th(G)
22.5
Safe(G) N/A N/A 3rd(G)
26.0
Safe(G) 2nd(G)
29.0
3rd(G) Eliminated
(week 11)
Hong Yu Yang N/A N/A 4th(B)
17.5
Safe(B) N/A N/A 4th(B)
17.0
Safe(B) N/A N/A 3rd(B)
16.5
Safe(B) N/A N/A N/A N/A 3rd(B)
28.0
Safe(B) 3rd(B)
28.0
4th(B) Eliminated
(week 10)
Ng Imm Khim 2nd(G)
20.0
Safe(G) N/A N/A N/A N/A 2nd(G)
20.5
Safe(G) N/A N/A 1st(G)
21.5
Safe(G) N/A N/A 2nd(G)
29.5
Safe(G) N/A N/A 2nd(G)
29.0
4th(G) Eliminated
(week 10)
Chen Yi Yuan 1st(B)
21.5
Safe(B) N/A N/A N/A N/A 1st(B)
21.5
Safe(B) N/A N/A 1st(B)
19.5
Safe(B) N/A N/A N/A N/A 4th(B)
25.5
5th(B) Eliminated
(week 9)
Yvonne Chua 5th(G)
17.0
Safe(G) N/A N/A 1st(G)
20.0
Safe(G) N/A N/A N/A N/A 2nd(G)
19.0
Safe(G) N/A N/A 5th(G)
22.0
5th(G) Eliminated
(week 8)
Ng Yang Ce N/A N/A 4th(G)
17.0
Safe(G) 4th(G)
16.5
Safe(G) N/A N/A N/A N/A 3rd(G)
17.0
3rd(G) 4th(G)
17.0
Bottom five(G) Not revived
(week 7)
Lee Yin Wei 2nd(B)
20.5
Safe(B) N/A N/A 1st(B)
20.5
Safe(B) N/A N/A 2nd(B)
21.0
3rd(B) Eliminated
(week 5)
3rd(B)
18.0
Bottom five(B) Not revived
(week 7)
Samuel Tan N/A N/A 3rd(B)
18.5
Safe(B) N/A N/A 2nd(B)
19.5
4th(B) Eliminated
(week 4)
2nd(B)
19.0
Bottom five(B) Not revived
(week 7)
Sheena Goh N/A N/A 2nd(G)
17.5
Safe(G) N/A N/A 3rd(G)
18.0
4th(G) Eliminated
(week 4)
3rd(G)
18.0
Bottom five(G) Not revived
(week 7)
Kenneth Lim N/A N/A 2nd(B)
19.0
Safe(B) 3rd(B)
18.5
4th(B) Eliminated
(week 3)
4th(B)
16.5
Bottom five(B) Not revived
(week 7)
Shermaine Goh 4th(G)
18.0
Safe(G) N/A N/A 2nd(G)
18.5
4th(G) Eliminated
(week 3)
6th(G)
16.5
Bottom five(G) Not revived
(week 7)
Alejandro Hou N/A N/A 4th(B)
17.5
5th(B) Eliminated
(week 2)
4th(B)
16.5
Bottom five(B) Not revived
(week 7)
Koh Bee Kwee N/A N/A 2nd(G)
17.5
5th(G) Eliminated
(week 2)
2nd(G)
18.5
Bottom five(G) Not revived
(week 7)
Ho Chee Mun 5th(B)
17.0
5th(B) Eliminated
(week 1)
6th(B)
16.0
Bottom five(B) Not revived
(week 7)
Choo Siew Ping 3rd(G)
19.0
5th(G) Eliminated
(week 1)
4th(G)
17.0
Bottom five(G) Not revived
(week 7)

Live show details

Week 1: Quarter-final 1 (2 January)

Contestants' performances on the first live show
Contestant Order Song Judges' score Result
CS PT WS Total
Female category
Ng Imm Khim 1 "爱的主打歌" 6.5 6.5 7.0 20.0 Safe
Shermaine Goh 2 "幸福的地图" 6.0 5.5 6.5 18.0 Safe
Choo Siew Ping 3 "宁夏" 6.0 6.5 6.5 19.0 Eliminated
Yvonne Chua 4 "Fly Away" 5.5 5.5 6.0 17.0 Safe
Geraldine See 5 "解脱" 7.0 7.0 7.5 21.5 Safe
Male category
Ng Chee Yang 1 "普通朋友" 6.5 6.5 7.5 20.5 Safe
Chen Yi Yuan 2 "莎士比亚的天分" 7.0 7.0 7.5 21.5 Safe
Ho Chee Mun 3 "安静" 5.5 5.0 6.5 17.0 Eliminated
Lee Yin Wei 4 "简单爱" 7.0 7.0 6.5 20.5 Safe
Renfred Ng 5 "爱上未来的你" 5.5 6.0 6.0 17.5 Safe

Week 2: Quarter-final 2 (9 January)

Contestants' performances on the second live show
Contestant Order Song Judges' score Result
CS PT WS Total
Female category
Sheena Goh 1 "理想情人" 6.0 5.5 6.0 17.5 Safe
Koh Bee Kwee 2 "燕尾蝶" 6.0 5.5 6.0 17.5 Eliminated
Clara Tan 3 "最熟悉的陌生人" 5.5 4.5 6.5 16.5 Safe
Teresa Tseng 4 "灰姑娘" 7.0 7.5 8.0 22.5 Safe
Ng Yang Ce 5 "Cappuccino" 6.0 5.0 6.0 17.0 Safe
Male category
Kenneth Lim 1 "我还能爱谁" 6.5 6.0 6.5 19.0 Safe
Samuel Tan 2 "Piano" 6.0 6.5 6.0 18.5 Safe
Adriano Huang 3 "爱你等于爱自己" 7.0 6.0 6.5 19.5 Safe
Hong Yu Yang 4 "爱的就是你" 5.5 5.5 6.5 17.5 Safe
Alejandro Hou 5 "找自己" 5.0 6.5 6.0 17.5 Eliminated

Week 3: Quarter-final 3 (16 January)

Contestants' performances on the third live show
Contestant Order Song Judges' score Result
CS PT WS Total
Female category
Geraldine See 1 "真实" 5.5 5.5 7.0 18.0 Safe
Shermaine Goh 2 "你的微笑" 6.0 6.0 6.5 18.5 Eliminated
Ng Yang Ce 3 "依然是朋友" 5.5 4.5 6.5 16.5 Safe
Yvonne Chua 4 "再一次拥有" 7.0 6.5 6.5 20.0 Safe
Male category
Lee Yin Wei 1 "借口" 6.0 7.0 7.5 20.5 Safe
Kenneth Lim 2 "你是我最深爱的人" 5.5 6.0 7.0 18.5 Eliminated
Renfred Ng 3 "花香" 5.0 6.0 6.0 17.0 Safe
Adriano Huang 4 "凌晨三点钟" 7.0 6.0 6.5 19.5 Safe

Week 4: Quarter-final 4 (23 January)

Contestants' performances on the fourth live show
Contestant Order Song Judges' score Result
CS PT WS Total
Female category
Clara Tan 1 "海滩" 6.0 5.0 6.5 17.5 Safe
Ng Imm Khim 2 "心动" 7.0 6.5 7.0 20.5 Safe
Sheena Goh 3 "Don't Stop" 5.5 6.0 6.5 18.0 Eliminated
Teresa Tseng 4 "路" 8.0 7.5 7.5 23.0 Safe
Male category
Samuel Tan 1 "翅膀" 6.0 6.5 7.0 19.5 Eliminated
Hong Yu Yang 2 "爱我还是他" 5.5 5.0 6.5 17.0 Safe
Chen Yi Yuan 3 "除此之外" 7.0 7.0 7.5 21.5 Safe
Ng Chee Yang 4 "Forever Love" 6.0 6.0 6.5 18.5 Safe

Week 5: Quarter-final 5 (6 February)

Contestants' performances on the fifth live show
Contestant Order Song Judges' score Result
CS PT WS Total
Female category
Teresa Tseng 1 "暧昧" 7.5 7.5 7.0 22.0 Safe
Clara Tan 2 "原来你什么都不要" 6.0 6.0 6.5 18.5 Safe
Geraldine See 3 "舍得" 7.0 7.0 7.0 21.0 Eliminated
Male category
Lee Yin Wei 1 "男人.海洋" 6.5 7.5 7.0 21.0 Eliminated
Renfred Ng 2 "星晴" 6.0 6.0 6.0 18.0 Safe
Ng Chee Yang 3 "二十二" 7.5 7.0 7.0 21.5 Safe

Week 6: Quarter-final 6 (13 February)

Contestants' performances on the sixth live show
Contestant Order Song Judges' score Result
CS PT WS Total
Female category
Ng Yang Ce 1 "Yes I Love You" 5.5 5.0 6.5 17.0 Eliminated
Yvonne Chua 2 "幸德瑞拉" 7.5 5.5 6.0 19.0 Safe
Ng Imm Khim 3 "他和她的故事" 7.5 7.0 7.0 21.5 Safe
Male category
Chen Yi Yuan 1 "幸福车站" 6.5 6.0 7.0 19.5 Safe
Adriano Huang 2 "你不在" 6.5 6.0 6.0 18.5 Eliminated
Hong Yu Yang 3 "很想你" 5.5 5.0 6.0 16.5 Safe

Week 7: Revival round (20 February)

Eliminated contestants from week 1 to 6 returned to the stage to perform for the revival round. One contestant each from the male and female categories was revived from the season seventh results show.

Contestants' performances on the seventh live show
Contestant Order Song Judges' score Result
CS PT WS Total
Female category
Choo Siew Ping 1 "挥着翅膀的女孩" 6.0 5.5 5.5 17.0 Not revived
Koh Bee Kwee 2 "丝路" 7.0 6.5 5.0 18.5 Not revived
Shermaine Goh 3 "你快乐吗" 5.5 5.0 6.0 16.5 Not revived
Sheena Goh 4 "不想让你知道" 6.0 5.5 6.5 18.0 Not revived
Geraldine See 5 "High High High" 7.0 7.0 7.0 21.0 Revived
Ng Yang Ce 6 "当你" 6.0 5.0 6.0 17.0 Not revived
Male category
Ho Chee Mun 1 "手放开" 5.0 5.5 5.5 16.0 Not revived
Alejandro Hou 2 "爱很简单" 5.0 6.0 5.5 16.5 Not revived
Kenneth Lim 3 "疯狂世界" 6.0 5.5 5.0 16.5 Not revived
Samuel Tan 4 "恋爱ING" 6.5 6.5 6.0 19.0 Not revived
Lee Yin Wei 5 "孙悟空" 6.0 6.5 5.5 18.0 Not revived
Adriano Huang 6 "嫁给我" 7.5 8.0 6.5 22.0 Revived

Week 8: Semi-final 1 (27 February)

Contestants' performances on the eighth live show
Contestant Order Song Judges' score Result
WS CS PT FH Total
Female category
Clara Tan 1 "因为你" 5.5 6.0 5.5 5.5 22.5 Safe
Ng Imm Khim 2 "遗失的美好" 7.0 7.5 7.5 7.5 29.5 Safe
Geraldine See 3 "白色羽毛" 7.5 7.0 6.5 6.0 27.0 Safe
Yvonne Chua 4 "本来" 6.5 5.5 5.0 5.0 22.0 Eliminated
Teresa Tseng 5 "Love Love Love" 7.5 8.0 8.0 7.0 30.5 Safe

Week 9: Semi-final 2 (6 March)

Contestants' performances on the ninth live show
Contestant Order Song Judges' score Result
WS CS PT FH Total
Male category
Chen Yi Yuan 1 "I Believe" 6.5 6.0 6.0 7.0 25.5 Eliminated
Hong Yu Yang 2 "枫" 7.5 7.0 6.5 7.0 28.0 Safe
Adriano Huang 3 "My Anata" 7.0 7.5 7.5 8.0 30.0 Safe
Renfred Ng 4 "Kiss Me 123" 6.0 5.0 5.5 5.5 22.0 Safe
Ng Chee Yang 5 "月亮代表谁的心" 7.0 8.0 8.5 8.5 32.0 Safe

Week 10: Semi-final 3 (13 March)

Contestants' performances on the tenth live show
Contestant Order Song Judges' score Result
WS CS PT FH Total
Female category
Ng Imm Khim 1 "看我72变" 6.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 29.0 Eliminated
Teresa Tseng 2 "孤单芭蕾" 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.0 29.5 Safe
Clara Tan 3 "见习爱神" 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 26.0 Safe
Geraldine See 4 "给我感觉" 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 24.0 Safe
Male category
Ng Chee Yang 1 "天与地" 7.0 7.0 8.0 7.0 29.0 Safe
Renfred Ng 2 "大舌头" 7.5 7.5 7.0 8.0 30.0 Safe
Hong Yu Yang 3 "呛司呛司" 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 28.0 Eliminated
Adriano Huang 4 "自由" 6.5 6.5 6.0 6.0 25.0 Safe

Week 11: Semi-final 4 (20 March)

Contestants' performances on the eleventh live show
Contestant Order Song Judges' score Result
WS CS PT FH Total
Female category
Geraldine See 1 "祝我生日快乐" 7.5 6.0 7.0 7.0 27.5 Safe
Clara Tan 2 "至少走得比你早" 7.0 7.0 7.5 7.5 29.0 Eliminated
Teresa Tseng 3 "Fly Away" 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 34.0 Safe
Male category
Adriano Huang 4 "Julia" 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 30.0 Eliminated
Renfred Ng 5 "那女孩对我说" 6.5 7.0 7.0 6.0 26.5 Safe
Ng Chee Yang 6 "就是爱你" 9.0 8.5 9.0 9.0 35.5 Safe

Week 12: Final (27 March/2/3 April)

27 March (Prelude)

All top 20 finalists returned to the stage in this pre-recorded non-elimination performance show. It featured group performances from the finalists as well as a look-back on their journey in the competition.

Contestants' performances on the twelfth pre-recorded show
Contestant Order Song
Yvonne Chua, Ng Imm Khim & Geraldine See 1 "睁一只眼闭一只眼"
Hong Yu Yang & Renfred Ng 2 "我们都会错"
Clara Tan & Teresa Tseng 3 "遇见"
Chen Yi Yuan, Adriano Huang & Ng Chee Yang 4 "小镇姑娘"

2 April (Round 1)

Music producer and composer Lee Shih Shiong and Lee Wei Song were brought in as the guest judges. Guest hosting roles were also brought in during the live final. It featured Christina Lin reporting from Renfred Ng's school, Peicai Secondary School; Ng Hui from Ng Chee Yang's school, Hwa Chong Institution; Cruz Teng from Geraldine See's school, ITE College West; and Ben Yeo from Teresa Tseng's school, CHIJ Katong Convent.

Contestants' performances on the thirteenth live show: round one
Contestant Order First song Order Second song Judges' score Result
FH CS WS PT SS WS Total
Female category
Geraldine See 1 "记得" 3 "会有那么一天" 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.0 7.0 6.0 42.5 Runner-up
Teresa Tseng 2 "记得" 4 "想念你的歌" (with CHIJ Katong Convent choir) 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.0 6.5 48.5 Winner
Male category
Ng Chee Yang 1 "Kiss Goodbye" 3 "Superwoman" 8.0 9.5 9.0 8.5 7.0 6.5 48.5 Winner
Renfred Ng 2 "Kiss Goodbye" 4 "我的麦克风" 7.5 7.0 7.0 7.5 7.0 5.0 41.0 Runner-up

2 April (Round 2)

Contestants' performances on the thirteenth live show: round two
Contestant Order First song (duet) Order Second song Judges' score Result
FH CS WS PT SS WS Total
Teresa Tseng 1 "恋爱频率" (with Hong Junyang) 3 "有一天我会" 7.5 7.0 8.0 8.5 7.0 7.5 45.5 Runner-up
Ng Chee Yang 2 "恋爱达人" (with Shi Xin Hui) 4 "一首简单的歌" 9.0 8.0 9.0 9.0 8.0 8.0 51.0 Winner

3 April (After-party)

All top 20 finalists returned to the stage once again in this live performance show to celebrate the success of the season and the crowning of the winner.

Contestants' performances on the fourteenth live show
Contestant Order Song
Ng Chee Yang 1 "一首简单的歌"
Chen Yi Yuan & Ng Imm Khim 2 "被风吹过的夏天"
Adriano Huang & Koh Bee Kwee 3 "制造浪漫"
Choo Siew Ping, Sheena Goh, Shermaine Goh, Koh Bee Kwee & Ng Yang Ce 4 "星光"
Teresa Tseng 5 "灰姑娘"
Yvonne Chua & Hong Yu Yang 6 "煎熬"
Ho Chee Mun, Alejandro Hou, Lee Yin Wei, Kenneth Lim & Samuel Tan 7 "她的睫毛"

References

  1. "Campus Handbook". Mediacorp TV. Retrieved 2006-01-02.
  2. 1 2 "Sugi, Silver & Ruth go back to 'school' for Campus SuperStar!". Mediacorp TV. Retrieved 2005-10-31.
  3. "校园SuperStar 试镜详情!". Mediacorp TV. Retrieved 2005-11-02.
  4. "Campus SuperStar on the prowl". Mediacorp TV. Retrieved 2005-11-02.

External links

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