List of general authorities of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints

Main article: General authority

The following individuals are the current general authorities of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). Included are the individuals' hierarchical position and some of their current specialized assignments in the church, if any.

General authorities

Apostles

Not shown Robert D. Hales, Quentin L. Cook, D. Todd Christofferson, Ronald A. Rasband, Gary E. Stevenson, and Dale G. Renlund
Name Hierarchical position Ordained Age Tithe[a] CES Board[b]
Thomas S. Monson President of the Church 1963-10-10 88.4 Member Chairman
Henry B. Eyring First Counselor in the First Presidency 1995-04-06 82.7 Member First Vice chairman
Dieter F. Uchtdorf Second Counselor in the First Presidency 2004-10-07 75.3 Member Second Vice chairman
Russell M. Nelson President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles[1][2] 1984-04-12 91.4 Member
Dallin H. Oaks Quorum of the Twelve Apostles 1984-05-03 83.4 Member Board Member.
Chairman, Executive Committee
M. Russell Ballard Quorum of the Twelve Apostles 1985-10-10 87.3 Member
Robert D. Hales Quorum of the Twelve Apostles 1994-04-07 83.4 Member
Jeffrey R. Holland Quorum of the Twelve Apostles 1994-06-23 75.2 Member Board Member.
Member, Executive Committee
David A. Bednar Quorum of the Twelve Apostles 2004-10-07 63.6 Member
Quentin L. Cook Quorum of the Twelve Apostles 2007-10-11 75.4 Member
D. Todd Christofferson Quorum of the Twelve Apostles 2008-04-10 71 Member
Neil L. Andersen Quorum of the Twelve Apostles 2009-04-09 64.5 Member
Ronald A. Rasband Quorum of the Twelve Apostles 2015-10-08 65 Member
Gary E. Stevenson Quorum of the Twelve Apostles 2015-10-08 60.5 Member
Dale G. Renlund Quorum of the Twelve Apostles 2015-10-08 63.2 Member

Presiding Bishopric

Name Hierarchical position Date service began Age Tithe[a]
Gérald Caussé Presiding Bishop 2015-10-09 52.7 Member
Dean M. Davies First Counselor, Presiding Bishopric 2015-10-09 64.4 Member
W. Christopher Waddell Second Counselor, Presiding Bishopric 2015-10-09 56.6 Member

Presidency of the Seventy

Name Quorum Called[a] Age Years
Served[b]		 Years in
Presidency		 Area[c][3] Calling[d] CES Board[e]
L. Whitney Clayton Senior President,[4]
Presidency		 2001-03-31
2008-04-05[5]		 65.9 14.8 7.8 "Assists in all areas"[6]
Donald L. Hallstrom Presidency 2000-04-01*
2009-04-04[7]		 66.5 15.8 6.8 North America Northwest
North America West[6]		 Area President[6] Board Member.
Member, Executive Committee
Richard J. Maynes Presidency 1997-04-05
2012-01-20[8]		 65.3 18.8 4 North America Southeast[6] Area President[6]
Craig C. Christensen Presidency 2002-10-05
2012-08-01[5][9]		 59.8 13.3 3.5 Utah North
Utah Salt Lake City
Utah South[6]		 Area President[6]
Ulisses Soares Presidency 2005-04-09*
2013-01-06[10]		 57.3 10.8 3.1 Idaho
North America Central[6]		 Area President[6]
Lynn G. Robbins Presidency 1997-04-05
2014-04-05[11]		 63.3 18.8 1.8 North America Southwest[6] Area President[6]
Gerrit W. Gong Presidency 2010-04-03
2015-10-06[4]		 62.1 5.8 0.3 North America Northeast[6] Area President[6]

First Quorum of the Seventy

Name Quorum Sustained[a] Age Years
Served		 Area[b] Calling[c]
Marcos A. Aidukaitis[12] First Quorum 2008-04-05 56.4 7.8 Brazil[13] Area Second Counselor[13]
José L. Alonso[14] First Quorum 2011-04-02 57.2 4.8 Central America[15] Area Second Counselor[15]
Ian S. Ardern[14] First Quorum 2011-04-02 61.9 4.8 Philippines[15] Area President[15]
Mervyn B. Arnold First Quorum 2003-04-05 67.5 12.8
David S. Baxter First Quorum 2006-04-01* 61 9.8
Shayne M. Bowen First Quorum 2006-04-01* 61.4 9.8 Philippines[15] Area First Counselor[15]
Craig A. Cardon First Quorum 2006-04-01 67.1 9.8 Adviser to Ensign, Liahona, New Era, and The Friend magazines.
Yoon Hwan Choi First Quorum 2009-04-04*[7][16] 58.7 6.8 Asia North[17] Area Second Counselor[17]
Kim B. Clark[18] First Quorum 2015-04-04 66.8 0.8 Commissioner of Church Education[19]
Carl B. Cook[14] First Quorum 2011-04-02 58.3 4.8 Africa Southeast[15] Area President[15]
Lawrence E. Corbridge[12] First Quorum 2008-04-05 66.8 7.8
Claudio R. M. Costa First Quorum 1994-04-02
 66.8 21.8 Brazil[20] Area President[20]
LeGrand R. Curtis Jr.[14] First Quorum 2011-04-02 63.5 4.8 Africa West[21] Area President[21]
Benjamín De Hoyos First Quorum 2005-04-02* 62.9 10.8 Mexico[15] Area President[15]
Edward Dube[22] First Quorum 2013-04-06 53.7 2.8
Kevin R. Duncan[23] First Quorum 2010-04-03* 55.3 5.8 Central America[15] Area President[15]
Larry J. Echo Hawk First Quorum 2012-03-31 67.5 3.8
Stanley G. Ellis First Quorum 2006-04-01 69 9.8 Africa Southeast[15] Area First Counselor[15]
David F. Evans First Quorum 2005-04-02 64.4 10.8 Africa West[17] Area Second Counselor[17]
Enrique R. Falabella First Quorum 2007-03-31 65.8 8.8 Advisor, Perpetual Education Fund[24]
Eduardo Gavarret[12] First Quorum 2008-04-05 59.7 7.8
Robert C. Gay First Quorum 2012-03-31 64.4 3.8 Chairman, Perpetual Education Fund
Carlos A. Godoy[12] First Quorum 2008-04-05 55 7.8 South America Northwest[17] Area Second Counselor[17]
Christoffel Golden Jr. First Quorum 2001-03-31 63.7 14.8 Adviser to Ensign, Liahona, New Era, and The Friend magazines.
Walter F. González First Quorum 2001-03-31 63.3 14.8 South America South[10] Area President[10]
C. Scott Grow First Quorum 2005-04-02* 67.8 10.8
James J. Hamula[12] First Quorum 2008-04-05 58.2 7.8
Allen D. Haynie[18] First Quorum 2015-04-04 57.4 0.8 Philippines[17] Area Second Counselor[17]
Daniel L. Johnson First Quorum 2006-04-01* 69.1 9.8
Paul V. Johnson First Quorum 2005-04-02* 61.6 10.8 Europe[17] Area First Counselor[17]
Patrick Kearon[23] First Quorum 2010-04-03* 54.5 5.8 Europe[9] Area President[17]
Von G. Keetch[18] First Quorum 2015-04-04 55.8 0.8 Executive Director, Church Public Affairs Department[25]
Jörg Klebingat[11] First Quorum 2014-04-05 48.1 1.8 Europe East[15] Area First Counselor[17]
Erich W. Kopischke First Quorum 2007-03-31 59.3 8.8
Hugo Montoya[18] First Quorum 2015-04-04 55.8 0.8 South America Southwest[6] Area Second Counselor[6]
Marcus B. Nash First Quorum 2006-04-01* 58.8 9.8 Executive Director, Correlation Departmentt [26]
S. Gifford Nielsen[22] First Quorum 2013-04-06 61.3 2.8 Pacific[15] Area Second Counselor[27]
Brent H. Nielson First Quorum 2009-04-04*[7][16] 61.2 6.8 Executive Director, Church Missionary Department[28]
Allan F. Packer[12] First Quorum 2008-04-05 67.6 7.8 Executive Director, Family History Department[29]
Kevin W. Pearson[12] First Quorum 2008-04-05 58.8 7.8 Pacific[15] Area President [15]
Anthony D. Perkins First Quorum 2006-04-01 55.5 9.8 Executive Director, Communication Services Committee[24]
Paul B. Pieper First Quorum 2005-04-02 58.3 10.8 Mexico[15] Area First Counselor[15]
Rafael E. Pino[12] First Quorum 2008-04-05 60.3 7.8
Bruce D. Porter First Quorum 1995-04-01 63.3 20.8 Europe East[15] Area President[15]
Michael T. Ringwood First Quorum 2009-04-04[7][16] 57.8 6.8
Joseph W. Sitati First Quorum 2009-04-04[7][16] 63.7 6.8 Editor of Ensign, Liahona, New Era, and The Friend magazines.[30]
Steven E. Snow First Quorum 2001-03-31 66.2 14.8 Church Historian and Recorder
Executive Director, Church History Department
Vern P. Stanfill[18] First Quorum 2015-04-04 58.5 0.8 Africa West[6] Area Second Counselor[6]
Michael John U. Teh First Quorum 2007-03-31 50.6 8.8
José A. Teixeira[12] First Quorum 2008-04-05 54.9 7.8 South America South[27] Area Second Counselor[27]
Juan A. Uceda[23] First Quorum 2010-04-03 62.5 5.8 South America Northwest[9] Area President[9]
Arnulfo Valenzuela[22] First Quorum 2013-04-06 56.8 2.8 Mexico[21] Area Second Counselor[21]
Francisco J. Viñas First Quorum 1996-04-06* 69.1 19.8 South America South[9] Area First Counselor[17]
Scott D. Whiting First Quorum 2012-03-31 54.8 3.8 Asia North[17] Area President[17]
Chi Hong (Sam) Wong[11] First Quorum 2014-04-05 53.7 1.8 Asia[6] Area First Counselor[6][31]
Kazuhiko Yamashita[14] First Quorum 2011-04-02 62.3 4.8 Asia North[17] Area First Counselor[17]
Jorge F. Zeballos[12] First Quorum 2008-04-05 60.5 7.8 Assistant Executive Director, Church Missionary Department[32]
Claudio D. Zivic First Quorum 2007-03-31 67.1 8.8 Caribbean[9] Area First Counselor[15]
W. Craig Zwick First Quorum 1995-04-01 68.6 20.8 Assistant Executive Director, Church Missionary Department[33]

Second Quorum of the Seventy

Name Quorum Sustained[a] Age Years
Served		 Area[b] Calling[c]
Wilford W. Andersen Second Quorum 2009-04-04*[7][16] 66.4 6.8 Middle East/Africa North[17] Area Administrator[17]
Randall K. Bennett[14] Second Quorum 2011-04-02 60.6 4.8 Adviser to Ensign, Liahona, New Era, and The Friend magazines.
J. Devn Cornish[14] Second Quorum 2011-04-02 64.8 4.8 Caribbean[15] Area President[15]
Timothy J. Dyches[22] Second Quorum 2013-04-06 65 2.8 Europe[21] Area Second Counselor[21]
Bradley D. Foster Second Quorum 2009-04-04[7][16] 66.8 6.8 Assistant Executive Director, Family History Department[34]
Randy D. Funk[22] Second Quorum 2013-04-06 63.5 2.8 Asia[6] Area President[6][35]
O. Vincent Haleck[14] Second Quorum 2011-04-02 67 4.8 Pacific[15] Area First Counselor[15]
Kevin S. Hamilton[22] Second Quorum 2013-04-06 60.8 2.8 Africa Southeast[21] Area Second Counselor[21]
Larry S. Kacher[11] Second Quorum 2014-04-05 63.9 1.8 Europe East[17] Area Second Counselor[17]
Larry R. Lawrence[23] Second Quorum 2010-04-03 68.4 5.8 Middle East/Africa North[17] Area Administrator[17]
Adviser to Ensign, The Friend, Liahona, and New Era magazines.[36]
Assistant Executive Director, Priesthood and Family Department[26]
Per G. Malm[23] Second Quorum 2010-04-03 67.3 5.8
Hugo E. Martinez[11] Second Quorum 2014-04-05 59.1 1.8 Caribbean[15] Area Second Counselor[15]
James B. Martino Second Quorum 2009-04-04*[7][16] 64.8 6.8 Assistant Editor of Ensign, Liahona, New Era, and The Friend magazines.
Jairo Mazzagardi[23] Second Quorum 2010-04-03 68.8 5.8 Brazil[9] Area First Counselor[21]
Adrian Ochoa[22] Second Quorum 2013-04-06 61.9 2.8 Central America[37] Area First Counselor[37]
Kent F. Richards Second Quorum 2009-04-04[7][16] 69.9 6.8 Executive Director, Temple Department[38]
Gregory A. Schwitzer Second Quorum 2009-04-04[7][16] 67.8 6.8 Assistant Executive Director, Temple Department[39]
Terence M. Vinson[22] Second Quorum 2013-04-06 64.8 2.8 Africa West[15] Area First Counselor[15]
Larry Y. Wilson[14] Second Quorum 2011-04-02 66.1 4.8

Emeritus

Emeritus general authorities are general authorities who have been released from their position in the hierarchy. They remain general authorities until their death. All current emeritus general authorities are former members of the First and Second Quorums of the Seventy or the Presiding Bishopric.

When the first general authorities were given emeritus status, N. Eldon Tanner of the First Presidency provided the following explanation:

"The very rapid growth of the Church across the world, with the attendant increase in travel and responsibility, has made it necessary to consider a change in the status for some of the Brethren of the General Authorities. Some of our associates have served for many years with complete and unselfish dedication, and they deserve every honor and recognition for such devoted service. It is felt advisable at this time to reduce somewhat the load of responsibility that they carry.
"After a long period of prayerful consideration and counsel, extending, indeed, over several years, we announce a new and specific status to be given from time to time to Brethren of our associates in the General Authorities. We announce that some Brethren have been designated as emeritus members of the First Quorum of the Seventy. These Brethren are not being released but will be excused from active service. It is out of consideration for the personal well-being of the individuals, and with deep appreciation for their devoted service, that this designation will be given from time to time to designated members of the General Authorities." [40]
Name Called [a] Emeritus [b] Age Years as
Active G.A.[c]		 Years as
Emeritus G.A.
Ángel Abrea 1981-03-20 2003-10-04 82.3 22.5 12.3
Carlos H. Amado 1989-04-01 2014-10-04 71.3 25.5 1.3
Koichi Aoyagi 2009-04-04 2015-10-03 70.8 6.5 0.3
Robert L. Backman 1978-04-01 1992-10-03 93.8 14.5 23.3
Ben B. Banks 1989-04-01 2002-10-05 83.8 13.5 13.3
Merrill J. Bateman 1992-06-06 2007-10-06 79.6 15.3 8.3
William R. Bradford 1975-10-03 2003-10-04 82.3 28 12.3
H. David Burton 1992-10-03 2012-03-31 77.8 19.5 3.8
Ted E. Brewerton 1978-09-30 1995-09-30 90.8 17 20.3
F. Enzio Busche 1977-10-01 2000-10-07 85.8 23 15.3
Bruce A. Carlson 2009-04-04 2015-10-03 66.3 6.5 0.3
John K. Carmack 1984-04-07 2001-10-06 84.7 17.5 14.3
Sheldon F. Child 1996-04-06 2008-10-04 77.8 12.5 7.3
Joe J. Christensen 1989-04-01 1999-10-02 86.5 10.5 16.3
Don R. Clarke 2006-04-01 2015-10-03 70.1 9.5 0.3
J. Richard Clarke 1976-10-01 1997-10-04 88.8 21 18.3
Gary J. Coleman 1992-06-06 2011-10-01[41] 74.3 19 4.3
Spencer J. Condie 1989-04-01 2010-10-02 75.4 21.5 5.3
Gene R. Cook 1975-10-03 2007-10-06 75.4 32 8.3
Robert K. Dellenbach 1990-03-31 2007-10-06 78.7 17.5 8.3
John B. Dickson 1992-10-03 2013-10-05 72.5 21 2.3
Charles Didier 1975-10-03 2009-10-03[42] 80.3 34 6.3
Richard C. Edgley 1992-10-03 2012-03-31 80 19.5 3.8
Vaughn J Featherstone 1972-04-06 2001-10-06 84.8 29.5 14.3
John H. Groberg 1976-04-03 2005-10-01 81.6 29.5 10.3
Bruce C. Hafen 1996-04-06 2010-10-02 75.3 14.5 5.3
F. Melvin Hammond 1989-04-01 2005-10-01 82.1 16.5 10.3
W. Eugene Hansen 1989-04-01 1998-10-03 87.4 9.5 17.3
Richard G. Hinckley 2005-04-02 2011-10-01[41] 74.8 6.5 4.3
F. Burton Howard 1978-09-30 2005-10-01 82.8 27 10.3
Jay E. Jensen 1992-06-06 2012-10-06 74 20.3 3.3
Marlin K. Jensen 1989-04-01 2012-10-06 73.7 23.5 3.3
Kenneth Johnson 1990-03-31 2010-10-02 75.6 20.5 5.3
L. Lionel Kendrick 1988-04-02 2001-10-06 84.3 13.5 14.3
W. Rolfe Kerr 1996-04-06 2007-10-06 80.6 11.5 8.3
Yoshihiko Kikuchi 1977-10-01 2011-10-01[41] 74.3 34 4.3
Paul E. Koelliker 2005-04-02 2013-10-05 72.8 8.5 2.3
Cree-L Kofford 1991-04-06 2003-10-04 82.5 12.5 12.3
Dean L. Larsen 1976-10-01 1997-10-04 88.8 21 18.3
John M. Madsen 1992-06-06 2009-10-03[42] 76.8 17.3 6.3
Keith B. McMullin 1995-12-27 2012-03-31 74.4 16.3 3.8
Lynn A. Mickelsen 1990-03-31 2009-10-03[42] 80.5 19.5 6.3
Alexander B. Morrison 1987-04-04 2000-10-07 85.1 13.5 15.3
Dennis B. Neuenschwander 1991-04-06 2009-10-03[42] 76.3 18.5 6.3
Glenn L. Pace 1992-10-03 2010-10-02 75.8 18 5.3
James M. Paramore 1977-04-02 1998-10-03 87.8 21.5 17.3
Rex D. Pinegar 1972-10-06 2001-10-06 84.3 29 14.3
L. Aldin Porter 1987-04-04 2001-10-06 84.6 14.5 14.3
Carl B. Pratt 1997-04-05 2011-10-01[41] 74.3 14.5 4.3
Hartman Rector, Jr. 1968-04-06 1994-10-01 91.4 26.5 21.3
Cecil O. Samuelson Jr. 1994-10-01 2011-10-01 74.5 17 4.3
Octaviano Tenorio 2007-03-31 2012-10-06 73.3 5.5 3.3
Earl C. Tingey 1990-12-05 2008-10-04 81.6 17.8 7.3
William R. Walker 2002-04-06 2014-10-04 71.7 12.5 1.3
F. Michael Watson 2008-04-05 2013-10-05 72.9 5.5 2.3
Robert E. Wells 1976-10-01 1997-10-04 88.1 21 18.3
Lance B. Wickman 1994-04-02 2010-10-02 75.2 16.5 5.3

Templates

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Became the de facto Quorum President upon the death of Boyd K. Packer on 3 July 2015; set apart in that assignment by Thomas S. Monson on 15 July 2015.
  2. ↑ See this article for the church's official statement on Nelson's appointment.
  3. ↑ Changes Announced for Area Presidencies, Church News, 12 November 2015. Retrieved 14 January 2016.
  4. 1 2 "Leadership Changes in Presidency of the Seventy Announced", Newsroom (LDS Church), 2015-10-06
  5. 1 2 Elder Craig C. Christensen called to the Presidency of the Seventy
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 Morgenegg, Ryan (12 November 2015). "Changes announced for Area Presidencies". Church News.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 New General Authorities and Auxiliary Leaders Called (4 April 2009). Press Release, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Last accessed 5 April 2009.
  8. ↑ First Presidency announces changes
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Area leadership assignments announced for 2012", Church News, 2012-05-05.
  10. 1 2 3 "Elder Soares called to Presidency of Seventy", Church News, 2012-12-15.
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 New General Authorities; New Sunday School General Presidency Announced, LDS Newsroom, 2014-04-05. Retrieved 2014-04-06.
  12. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Dethman, Leigh (2008-04-05). "Elder D. Todd Christofferson named new apostle; other leaders called". Deseret Morning News. Last accessed 2008-04-06.
  13. 1 2 August 2014 New Area Leaders Assigned August 2014 Ensign, pp. 14-15
  14. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "New General Authority callings announced", Church News, 2 April 2011, last accessed 2011-04-14.
  15. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Church Announces Area Leadership Assignments for 2014. Church News and Events, News Release dated 30 April 2014. Retrieved 1 May 2014.
  16. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 12 called to Quorums of the Seventy (11 April 2009). Church News by Deseret News Publishing Company. Last accessed 13 April 2009.
  17. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 [http://www.deseretnews.com/media/pdf/1529227.pdf "LDS First Presidency announces area leadership assignments", Church News, 2 May 2015. Retrieved 29 May 2015.
  18. 1 2 3 4 5 "New General Authorities, Young Men Presidency and Primary Presidency Changes Announced", Mormon Newsroom, April 4, 2015.
  19. ↑ Prescott, Marianne Holman (August 5, 2015). "Seminary and Institute histories to be released". Church News..
  20. 1 2 Area Leadership Assignments, 2011, Church News, 29 April 2011. Retrieved 27 July 2015
  21. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Area Leadership Assignments 2013, Church News, published 25 May 2013. Retrieved 1 June 2013.
  22. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 New General Authorities Called, April 6, 2013, retrieved from the LDS Newsroom on April 9, 2013.
  23. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Taylor, Scott (4 April 2010). "LDS Church names new Seventies, Primary presidency". MormonTimes.com by Deseret News Publishing Company (Salt Lake City, Utah). Last accessed 4 April 2010.
  24. 1 2 "In the Lord's Vineyard", Church News, December 28, 2013. Retrieved January 30, 2014.
  25. ↑ Sabbath Observance: General Authorities discuss 'increasing faith in God, Jesus Christ'], LDS Church News, 23 December 2015.
  26. 1 2
  27. 1 2 3
  28. ↑ Missionaries Speaking Their Native Language Now to Spend Three Weeks Training, Mormon Newsroom, 13 November 2015.
  29. ↑ "Temple presidents, matrons are counseled in annual seminar", Church News, 19 October 2013. Retrieved 3 November 2013.
  30. ↑ Ensign, August 2015, pg. 3
  31. ↑ The assignment shown is effective 4 January 2016. Until then, he remains the Second Counselor.
  32. ↑ Elder Jorge F. Zeballos at seminar at MTC: 'The Doctrine of Christ', Church News, 21 January 2016. Retrieved 22 January 2016.
  33. ↑ Elder W. Craig Zwick at seminar at MTC: 'The Message of the Restoration' Church News, 21 January 2016. Retrieved 22 January 2016.
  34. ↑ , Church News and Events, lds.org 7 February 2016. Retrieved 8 February 2015.
  35. ↑ The assignment shown is effective 4 January 2016. Until then, he remains the First Counselor.
  36. ↑ Ensign, Nov. 2015, p. 2.
  37. 1 2
  38. ↑ First look inside newly renovated Ogden Temple, KSL.com, published 29 July 2014. Retrieved 29 July 2014.
  39. ↑ "Elder Gregory A. Schwitzer"
  40. ↑ N. Eldon Tanner, "Revelation on Priesthood Accepted, Church Officers Sustained", Ensign, November 1978, p. 16.
  41. 1 2 3 4 "Honorable releases given to 12 brethren". Church News (Deseret News Publishing Company). 1 October 2011. Retrieved 1 October 2011.
  42. 1 2 3 4 Taylor, Scott (3 October 2009), President Monson's messages: New temples and keep feelings in check, Deseret News, retrieved 4 October 2009

References

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