Temple Emanuel Sinai (Worcester, Massachusetts)

Temple Emanuel Sinai עמנואל סיני
Basic information
Location	661 Salisbury Street Worcester, Massachusetts  United States
Geographic coordinates	42°17′44″N 71°50′25″W / 42.295517°N 71.840358°W / 42.295517; -71.840358Coordinates: 42°17′44″N 71°50′25″W / 42.295517°N 71.840358°W / 42.295517; -71.840358
Affiliation	Union for Reform Judaism
Status	Active
Leadership	Rabbi Valerie Cohen, Cantor Rachel Reef-Simpson
Website	www.emanuelsinai.org

Temple Emanuel Sinai (Hebrew: עִמָנוּאֵל סִינַי, God is with us Sinai) is a medium-sized Reform (progressive) Jewish synagogue located in Worcester, Massachusetts, New England's second largest city (population 181,045).

A product of the 2013 integration of Worcester's two original Reform congregations (Temple Emanuel and Temple Sinai), the synagogue traces its roots to 1921 and is affiliated with the Union for Reform Judaism (URJ), a network of over 900 progressive congregations representing the largest denomination (38%) of affiliated American Jews.

The congregation worships and studies in a pair of buildings at 661 Salisbury Street, adjacent to the Worcester Jewish Community Center, where Temple Sinai acquired property for its permanent home in 1962. Temple Emanuel's building at 280 May Street was sold to the Worcester State University Foundation in 2013, though the terms of the sale allowed the congregation to use the building for two additional years, until June 2015.^[1] Planning to determine a final siting for the synagogue concluded during the fall of 2014, resulting in a plan to expand and renovate the Temple Sinai facility at 661 Salisbury Street (rather than share a campus with Conservative Congregation Beth Israel at Beth Israel's location on Jamesbury Drive).^[2]

Temple Emanuel Sinai's first rabbi, Matthew Berger, also served as the last rabbi of Temple Emanuel, who hired him in 2009. In February 2014, Rabbi Valerie Cohen, spiritual leader since 2003 at Jackson, Mississippi's Beth Israel Congregation accepted an offer to replace Berger at the end of his contract in June 2014.^[3] A near-unanimous vote in favor of ratifying Rabbi Cohen's contract was held during a special congregational meeting at the May Street campus on March 9, 2014.

Temple Emanuel

Founded in 1921, Emanuel was the first of two Reform congregations founded in Worcester and was the largest synagogue (of any kind) in the city from the 1940s until 2013 when it integrated with its own offshoot, Temple Sinai. The congregation's third and most majestic home was constructed and consecrated in 1949 and greatly expanded in 1961 to accommodate a burgeoning religious school enrollment of nearly 1,000 students.^[4] Membership peaked at 1,340 families in 1957, making it one of the largest Reform congregations in the country at the time.^[5] As late as 1982, Temple Emanuel was still the second-largest Reform congregation in New England.^[6] As of 2009, membership was at 425 families.^[7]

Notably, Temple Emanuel had two long-tenured rabbis who were influential in the larger Worcester community, and in the Reform movement. Levi Olan (1929–1948) became the first Jewish president of the Worcester Ministerial Union and grew Temple membership from less than 200 families to 610 families during his tenure. Joseph Klein (1949–1996) continued Olan's tradition of interfaith leadership and also served as president of the Worcester Ministers' Association and the Greater Worcester Clergy Association. Membership grew during his tenure from 610 families to 1,340 families in 1957, before seeing a gradual decline.^[8]

Temple Sinai

In a letter dated December 16, 1957, the "Steering Committee of Temple Sinai," a small group of Temple Emanuel members who felt that the close family atmosphere of the Temple had been lost and that religious observance had become more conservative over the years, informed the secretary of the board of Temple Emanuel that they intended to create a second Reform congregation in Worcester. Temple Sinai's Statement of Principles indicated it would limit membership to 500 families.^[8]

Integration

Due to declining membership and increasing financial hardship resulting from demographic changes in Worcester's Jewish community, Temple Emanuel and Temple Sinai members engaged in re-integration discussions on December 9, 2011, when after 54 years of separation and at least 20 years of coaxing from the URJ, Temple Sinai leadership officially contacted Temple Emanuel to pursue it.^[9]

Temple Emanuel's leadership began to pursue opportunities to sell its May Street complex in 2012 when integration discussions with Temple Sinai concluded that Sinai's campus at 661 Salisbury Street was an ideal location for the new congregation. At a congregational meeting on May 30, 2013, the sale of the building at 280 May Street to the Worcester State University Foundation was approved by Temple Emanuel membership.^[10] The proposed re-integration with Temple Sinai was approved by the members of both congregations in June 2013. Both congregations had already voted to name the new entity "Temple Emanuel Sinai."

Rabbinical leadership

Name	Years
Matthew Berger	2013–2014
Valerie Cohen	2014–

• Matthew Berger served as Rabbi of Temple Emanuel from 2009 to 2013.

Cantorial leadership

Name	Years
Kim Singer	2013–2015
Rachel Reef-Simpson	2015–

• Kim Singer served as Cantor of Temple Sinai from 2008 to 2013.

Temple Emanuel History

Early history (1920-1948)

On June 29, 1920, sixty men whose families had moved from the Jewish enclave of Union Hill on Worcester's working class East Side to the more fashionable West Side met at the Bancroft Hotel in downtown Worcester to discuss plans to raise funds for the establishment of a synagogue on the West Side. In 1921, they began holding services (in a Modern Orthodox style) above Easton's tea room at Harrington Corner in downtown Worcester.^[11] In 1921, the group officially incorporated as the "Worcester Modern Congregation" and in 1922 opened its first synagogue in a home at 22 Suburban Road in Worcester, calling it the "West Side Community House."^[12] By 1923, the congregation had outgrown its facility and moved into the former Bancroft School building at 111 Elm Street, naming it Temple Emanuel.^[13] The congregation gradually adopted Reform practices and affiliated officially with the national movement, under the leadership of Rabbi Levi Olan, in 1937. In 1949, the congregation moved to its final home at the junction of May and Chandler Streets.^[8]

Temple Emanuel was active in the African-American Civil Rights Movement from very early in its history. In March 1931, the Temple's Brotherhood hosted a symposium of four lectures on the "Foundations of the Race Problem," including a lecture by NAACP co-founder W. E. B. Du Bois on March 11.^[14][15]

Joseph Klein era (1949-1977)

The Temple's longest-serving rabbi, Joseph Klein, began his duties on January 1, 1949, retired in 1977, and would remain on the pulpit as Rabbi Emeritus until his death in 1996. Klein is famously credited with inspiring at least eight young congregants at Temple Emanuel to attend Hebrew Union College, the Union for Reform Judaism's Rabbinical seminary,^[16] including the immediate past President of the Union for Reform Judaism, Rabbi Eric Yoffie.

Rabbi Klein also mentored Yoffie's predecessor, Rabbi Alexander M. Schindler who was hired in 1953 as Temple Emanuel's first Assistant Rabbi. Schindler served as Assistant Rabbi from 1953 to 1955 and as Associate Rabbi from 1955 to 1959 when he left the congregation to become Executive Director of the New England Region of the what was then known as the UAHC. Rabbi Schindler was elected president of the UAHC in 1973, serving as the leader of North America's Reform Jews until 1996.^[8]

In 1957, Temple Emanuel's membership peaked at 1,340 member families (including 42 families who were also members of the Conservative Congregation Beth Israel). Worcester's ten other Jewish congregations, including Shaarai Torah, had a combined family membership of 1,410.^[5]

In his retirement, Klein went on to serve (part-time) as the first Rabbi of Temple Beth-El in Las Cruces, New Mexico until 1984 when he and his wife Rose returned to Worcester.^[17] He then served, actively, as Rabbi Emeritus of Temple Emanuel until his death at the age of 84 on Sunday September 29, 1996.^[18] Also of note, Klein was the great-grandfather of Hollywood actress Alisan Porter, who starred in Curly Sue.^[19]

Significant events

From 1959 to 1962, Temple Emanuel hosted a series of lectures called Temple Forum which saw Hubert Humphrey (1959), Martin Luther King, Jr. (March 12, 1961), Theodore Bikel (1962), and Eleanor Roosevelt (1962) all speak to the congregation.^[20][21]

In 1965, Herbie Hancock and other jazz legends accompanied 17-year-old congregant and conductor Jonathan Klein to record "Hear O Israel: A Prayer Ceremony in Jazz" in front of a crowd of 1,000 people inside the Temple.^[22]

Temple Emanuel was the site, on August 25, 1967, of the funeral for Dr. Gregory C. Pincus, an American biologist and researcher who co-invented the birth-control pill.^[23]

Post-Klein era (1977-2013)

In 1977, Temple Emanuel elected Rabbi Stanley Davids to succeed Rabbi Klein as its 5th spiritual leader. Rabbi Davids introduced the Temple's Chavurah program and brought the Gates of Prayer - New Union Prayerbook to the congregation. Rabbi Davids left in 1986 to become Rabbi of Central Synagogue in New York City.^[8]

On April 19, 1989, the funeral for Abbie Hoffman, the famous 1960's radical, founder of the Yippies and member of the Chicago Seven who had died at the age of 52 one week earlier, was held in Temple Emanuel's Persky sanctuary. Over 900 people were in attendance and an overflow crowd of hundreds more listened outside the temple over a loudspeaker. In attendance were basketball star Bill Walton, folk singer Pete Seeger, movie producer Bert Schneider,^[24] fellow Yippie Aron Kay, Republican political consultant Jay Severin,^[25] Hoffman's cousin and Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist Sydney Schanberg, and Jerry Rubin, fellow Chicago Seven member.^[26]

Temple Emanuel celebrated its 70th anniversary on October 25, 1991 by honoring four people who had made significant impacts on the congregation. Then-Vice President of the Union for Reform Judaism Rabbi Eric Yoffie, who grew up in the congregation, gave the sermon. Rabbi Emeritus Joseph Klein and past presidents Milton S. Sheftel, Judith S. Yoffie and Wallace W. Wolf (posthumously) were honored.^[27]

On June 12, 2003, the congregation officially installed Carlton Watson, a black man who had converted to Judaism, as its president. Watson, executive director of the Henry Lee Willis Community Center in Worcester, is believed to be the first black person to serve as president of a synagogue in the United States.^[28][29]

Longmeadow native Rabbi Matthew L. Berger served as Temple Emanuel's ninth and last spiritual leader from July 2009 through June 2013. Berger served as the rabbi of Temple Emanuel Sinai for its first year of existence (June 2013 through June 2014) until he was replaced by Rabbi Valerie Cohen.^[30]

Education

Historically, Temple Emanuel's renowned Religious School met three days per week during the school year (Monday and Wednesday afternoons for Hebrew and Saturday mornings to study Torah, liturgy, Israel and Jewish culture) in the Temple's three-story classroom wing. In the mid-2000s the schedule was reduced to just Wednesday afternoons and Saturday mornings. The school worshipped together at the conclusion of classes every Saturday in the Temple's Stacey A. Cohan youth center.

In 2012, Temple Emanuel joined Congregation Beth Israel and Temple Sinai in creating PaRDes - The Worcester Jewish Community Religious School, under the auspices of the Jewish Federation of Central Massachusetts. The school's roughly 130 students attend Monday and Wednesday afternoon classes at Beth Israel and Saturday mornings at Temple Emanuel Sinai.

Facilities

Temple Emanuel's home from 1949 to 2013, designed by Boston architect Charles R. Greco, is located at the junction of May and Chandler Streets in the heart of Worcester's leafy, residential West Side, adjacent to Worcester State University. The original structure, built in brick and designed in the Colonial Revival style, was consecrated in 1949. A 1,000-seat auditorium, a second classroom wing, and a suite of clergy offices were added in 1961.

The Temple's two-story 1961 classroom wing was leased to a series of educational institutions once religious school enrollment began to decline in the 1970s, including Worcester State University, the Abby Kelley Foster Charter Public School, Y.O.U., Inc.'s Kathleen Burns Preparatory School, and Quinsigamond Community College's Training and Education center.^[31]

Dedicated spaces

• Abraham & Mae Persky Sanctuary (626 seats)
• Philip & Mary Rose Chapel (174 seats)
• Stacy A. Cohan Youth Center
• Joseph and Sophie Cohan Nursery School Playground

In 2011, the Persky sanctuary underwent its only major renovation. The first 6 rows of pews were removed to make room for an extended, lower bimah (speaker's platform) that was intended to create a more intimate atmosphere and enable the congregation to use the space more frequently. This reduced the capacity of the sanctuary from 918 to 626.^[32]

Parsonage

Temple Emanuel did not own a parsonage, but Rabbis Olan and Klein both resided at 5 Montvale Road in Worcester's exclusive Montvale Historic District.

Worship

Daily Minyan

Temple Emanuel was unique among American Reform synagogues in that for most of its history, it offered its members and the Worcester Jewish community the opportunity to attend a worship service seven days per week. In addition to clergy-led Shabbat services every Friday evening and Saturday morning, the congregation had a regular lay-led weekday minyan, which was held five days every week (Sunday through Thursday) from 1954 until 2011 when the 9:30 AM Sunday Shacharit (morning prayers) service was discontinued due to low attendance.

The "Daily Minyan" was originally instituted by Rabbi Klein on January 4, 1954, though it was led exclusively by lay leaders of the congregation.^[8] Temple Emanuel Sinai has continued the tradition of holding weekday services, though Mincha (afternoon prayers) and Maariv (evening prayers) are only read in the Salisbury Street sanctuary on Mondays at 5:45 PM. (The Tuesday evening service was discontinued by Temple Emanuel in 2012 and Wednesday and Thursday evening services were discontinued by Emanuel Sinai in early 2014.)

Shabbat

Regular Shabbat services are typically held Friday evenings at 7:00 and Saturday mornings at 10:30.

Temple Emanuel Photo gallery

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  Philip & Mary Rose Chapel at 280 May Street

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  Abraham & Mae Persky Sanctuary at 280 May Street through lobby doors

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  Abraham & Mae Persky Sanctuary at 280 May Street

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  Abraham & Mae Persky Sanctuary at 280 May Street

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  Stacey A. Cohan Youth Center at 280 May Street

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  May Street façade with chapel and auditorium entrances

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  Auditorium Complex

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  Auditorium at 280 May Street

• 

  Auditorium at 280 May Street

• 

  Presidents Plaque

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  Chandler Street Entrance and Religious School wing

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  Cherry Blossoms at 280 May Street

• 

  Bet Shalom Apartments (Worcester Jewish Community Housing For The Elderly, Inc.)

Temple Emanuel Rabbinical leadership

Name	Years	Emeritus
Maurice Mazure	1923–1926
Julius Gordon	1926–1929
Levi Olan	1929–1948
Joseph Klein	1949–1977	1977–1996
Stanley Davids	1977–1986
Norman Mendel	1986–1991
Stuart W. Gershon (interim)	1991–1992
James L. Simon	1992–1998
Sigma F. Coran (interim)	1998–1999
Jordan Millstein	1999–2008
Ilene Bogosian (interim)	2008–2009
Matthew Berger	2009–2013

Temple Emanuel Assistant/Associate rabbis

Name	Years	Later Position
Alexander Schindler	1953–1959	President of the Union for Reform Judaism 1973-96
Daniel L. Kaplan	1959–1962	Senior Rabbi at Temple Beth Shalom, Needham, MA 1962-70
Leivy Smolar	1962–1965	President of Baltimore Hebrew University 1971-92[33]
David Davis	1965–1967	Rabbi Laureate at Congregation Ohabai Sholom (Nashville, Tennessee)
Henry A. Zoob	1967–1970	Rabbi Emeritus at Temple Beth David, Westwood, MA
Ira S. Youdovin	1970–1973	Executive Vice President of the Chicago Board of Rabbis
Harold S. Jaye	1973–1974	Rabbi at Temple B'nai Darom, Ocala, FL 1987–2012[34]
Peter Tarlow	1974–1977	Hillel Director, Texas A&M
David Sofian	1977–1980	Senior Rabbi at Temple Israel (Dayton, Ohio)
Steven Fox	1980–1982	Executive Vice-President, CCAR
Daniel L. Pernick	1982–1985	Senior Rabbi at Beth Am Temple, Pearl River, NY
Alan M. Ullman	1985–1988	Founder of the School for Jewish Studies
Janice Garfunkel	1988–1989	Rabbi at Temple Sholom (Springfield, Ohio) 2004-10[35]
Stuart W. Gershon	1989–1994	Rabbi at Temple Sinai, Summit, NJ
Sigma F. Coran	1994–1999	Senior Rabbi at K.K. Bene Israel / Rockdale Temple, Cincinnati, OH

• Stuart W. Gershon served as Interim Senior Rabbi from 1991-1992.
• Sigma F. Coran served as Interim Senior Rabbi from 1998-1999.

Temple Emanuel Auxiliary rabbis

Due to a decline in membership, Temple Emanuel's full-time assistant rabbi position was eliminated in June 1998. From that time through June 2009, the Temple was served by one full-time Rabbi with the assistance of a part-time Auxiliary Rabbi (or, from 2002–2004, a full-time cantor). From 2009 to 2013, all pastoral duties were performed by the Rabbi.

Name	Years	Later Position
Howard A. Berman	1998–1999	Founding Rabbi of Central Reform Temple, formerly known as Boston Jewish Spirit
Paula L. Feldstein	1999–2002	Shalom Baby Coordinator, Synagogue Leadership Initiative, UJA Federation of Northern New Jersey
Dennis Ross	2004–2009	Author; Director of Concerned Clergy for Choice

• From 2002-2004, Cantor Sally Neff assisted in performance of pastoral duties.

Temple Emanuel Cantorial leadership

Name	Years
Hugo Chaim Adler	1939–1955[36]
Joseph Gottlieb	1955–1978[37]
Howard Tabaknek	1978–1982
Sheri Blum	1982–1994[38]
Betsey Peters-Epstein	1994–2002
Sally Neff	2002–2004
Daniel Mutlu	2004–2008
Sharon Brown Goldstein	2009–2013

Temple Sinai History

Temple Sinai held services for its first 5 years (1957 to 1962) at the Worcester Jewish Community Center, which had moved in 1951 to Temple Emanuel's old building at 111 Elm Street. In 1962, Sinai moved to a 42-acre estate the congregation had purchased at 661 Salisbury Street, holding services and religious school in a large mansion.^[39] In 1980, the congregation opened its first purpose-built synagogue on the site, keeping the mansion intact for offices and religious school use. The Jewish Community Center, also outgrowing the facility on Elm Street, built on land next door at 633 Salisbury Street and moved in 1967.^[40]

Temple Sinai at first embraced many of the customs of "Classical" Reform Judaism that Temple Emanuel did not practice. For example, Sinai members shed traditional religious garments like Kippot (skullcaps) and Tallitot (prayer shawls), though those customs returned over the years.^[41]

The congregation hired its first rabbi, Leonard Helman, previously an assistant rabbi at what was then known as Temple Beth Israel in West Hartford, Connecticut, in 1958.^[42] He was succeeded by Rabbis John Rosenblatt and Michael Berenbaum. David Kaplan served as Cantorial soloist in its early days. Rabbi Gary Glickstein followed as rabbi from 1977 to 1985 and was succeeded by Rabbi Seth Bernstein, Temple Sinai's longest tenured spiritual leader, from 1986 to 2011.^[43] Cantor Wendy Autenrieth served the congregation as Cantor/Educator from 1987 to 1999.^[44]

Temple Sinai Rabbinical leadership

Name	Years	Emeritus
Leonard Helman	1958–1959
Bennett M. Stein	1959-1967
Joseph Kurasick	1967-1970
John Rosenblatt	1970-1971
Sanford Seltzer (interim)	1971-1973
Harold Jaye (interim)	1971-1973
Michael Berenbaum	1973–1976
Sanford Seltzer (interim)	1977
Gary Glickstein	1977–1985
Seth Bernstein	1986–2011	2011–2013
Scott Saulson (interim)	2011–2012
Michael Swartz (interim)	2012–2013
Carol Glass (interim)	2012–2013

Temple Sinai Cantorial leadership

Name	Years
David Kaplan	1957–1977
Harriett Katz	1977–1987
Wendy Autenrieth	1987–1999
Claire Metzger	1999–2006
Robin Sparr-Rothman	2006–2008
Kim Singer	2008–2013

Temple Sinai Photo gallery

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  Chapel

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  Sanctuary

Prominent alumni

Rabbis

Name	Later Position
Andrew Baker	Director of International Jewish Affairs, American Jewish Committee
Arthur Bielfeld[45]	Rabbi at Temple Emanu-El, North York, ON, Canada, 1968–2001
Lewis E. Bogage[46]	Associate Rabbi at Central Synagogue, New York City
Kenneth Brickman	Rabbi at Temple Beth-El, Jersey City, NJ, 1989–2011[47]
Marc S. Dworkin	Executive Director, American Jewish Committee, Orange County
Daniel Freelander	Senior Vice President of the Union for Reform Judaism, member of Kol B'Seder
Paul J. Kipnes	Rabbi at Congregation Or Ami, Calabasas, CA
Steven S. Mason	Senior Rabbi at North Shore Congregation Israel, Glencoe, IL, 1997–current
Jill Starkweather Perlman	Assistant Rabbi at Temple Isaiah, Lexington, MA, 2011-present
Dennis Shulman	Democratic nominee for the United States Congress in New Jersey's Fifth Congressional District, 2008[48]
Karen Thomashow	Associate Rabbi at Isaac M. Wise Temple, Cincinnati, OH, 2013-current
Eric Yoffie	President of the Union for Reform Judaism, 1996–2012[49]
Jonah Zinn	Assistant Rabbi at Congregation Shaare Emeth, St. Louis, MO, 2014-current

Cantors

Name	Later Position
Michael M. Mandel	Cantor, Congregation Beth Emeth, Wilmington, DE, 2001-2003[50][51]

• Alan F. Segal, Professor of Religion and Ingeborg Rennert Professor of Jewish Studies at Barnard College^[52]
• Paul D. Eisenberg, Professor Emeritus of Philosophy at Indiana University^[53]
• Jay Gordon, Host of Elvis Only on WODS, Oldies 103.3 FM (Boston, MA)
• Jeffrey Hodes, Co-Executive Producer, 3rd Rock from the Sun (2000-2001)^[54]

Prominent members

• Samuel Adler, Composer
• Massachusetts State Senator Harriette L. Chandler (Democrat, First Worcester District)
• Arthur E. Chase, Former Massachusetts State Senator (Republican)
• Joseph C. Casdin (died 2007 age 93) Mayor of Worcester 1959, 62-63, 67-68
• Harold Devine (died 1998 age 88), 1928 Olympic Bronze Medal Recipient in Boxing^[55]
• Joanne Goldstein, Secretary of Labor and Workforce Development, Commonwealth of Massachusetts 2010–2014^[56][57][58]
• Jacob Hiatt, businessman and philanthropist.^[59]
• Abbie Hoffman,^[26][60] 1960's radical and founder of the Yippies
• Myra Kraft, late wife of Robert Kraft, owner of the New England Patriots
• Harry C. Payne, President of Williams College 1994-1999^[61][62]
• Denise Eisenberg Rich, songwriter, socialite, philanthropist, and political fundraiser, ex-wife of Marc Rich
• Warren M. Robbins, Founder of the National Museum of African Art^[63]
• David B. Yoffie, Director of Intel Corporation^[64]

Worcester West Side Synagogue history

Worcester has five operating synagogues, with two other organizations holding regular Jewish worship services in the city.

Name	Current/Last Address	Denomination	Years Open
Temple Emanuel	280 May Street	Reform (URJ)	1921–2013
Temple Sinai	661 Salisbury Street	Reform (URJ)	1957–2013
Temple Emanuel Sinai	661 Salisbury Street	Reform (URJ)	2013–
Congregation Beth Israel	15 Jamesbury Drive	Conservative (USCJ)	1924–
Congregation Shaarai Torah - Sons of Abraham West	835 Pleasant Street	Orthodox (OU)	1959–
Congregation Beth Judah	889 Pleasant Street	Orthodox (Young Israel)	1942–
Congregation Tifereth Israel - Sons of Jacob	22 Newton Avenue	Orthodox (Chabad)	1959–

Other assemblies

• Clark University Hillel
• Jewish Healthcare Center chapel ("Congregation Mogen David")

Photo gallery

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  Congregation Beth Israel

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  Congregation Shaarai Torah - Sons of Abraham West

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  Congregation Beth Judah

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  Congregation Tifereth Israel - Sons of Jacob shul and Yeshiva Achei Tmimim Academy

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  Jewish Healthcare Center chapel

Worcester East Side Synagogue history

Before the Jewish population of Worcester shifted from Union Hill to the West Side, the community had established 12 Orthodox synagogues on the East Side.

Hebrew Name	Transliteration	English Translation	Address(es)	Years Open	Notes[65]
בני ישראל	B'nai Yisrael	Sons of Israel	79 Green Street, 24 Providence Street	1875-1957	Torn down for construction of I-290 in 1957
בני אברהם	B'nai Avraham	Sons of Abraham	10 Plymouth Street (1888-1913), 23 Coral Street	1886-1948[66]	Merged with Shaarai Torah in 1948
שערי צדק	Shaarei Tzedek	Gates of Righteousness	8 Beach Street, 16 Gold Street, 3 Summit Street	1892-?	also known as Tower of Truth
אגודת אחים	Agudas Achim	Union of Brothers	19 Brown Street, 9 Pond Street	189?-?	also known as Good Brothers
(צמח צדק (אנשי סמוליאן	Tzemach Tzedek (Anshe Smolian)	Plant of Justice (People of Smolyan)	10 Plymouth Street	1900-1923	Changed name to Sons of Jacob in 1923
שערי תורה	Shaarai Torah	Gates of Learning	32 Providence Street	1904-1999
(אגודת ישראל (אנשי ספרד	Agudas Israel (Anshe Safard)	Union of Israel (Sephardic)	66 Harrison Street	1913-196?
בני יעקב	B'nai Yaakov	Sons of Jacob	104 Harrison Street	1923-1965	Merged with Tifereth Israel (West Side) in 1965
תפארת ישראל	Tifereth Israel	Pride of Israel	42 Harrison Street	19??-1957	Torn down for construction of I-290 in 1957
בני ציון	B'nai Tzion	Sons of Zion
קדימה	Kadimah	Forward
אנשי ראקישוק	Anshe Rakishok	People of Rokiškis

Photo gallery

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  Shaarai Torah (East)

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  Sons of Abraham

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  2014 Photo of Hebrew Inscription on 23 Coral Street (Sons of Abraham)

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  Water Street (featuring Widoff's Bakery and Weintraub's Delicatessen)

References

External links

• Media related to Temple Emanuel (Worcester, Massachusetts) at Wikimedia Commons
• Media related to Temple Sinai (Worcester, Massachusetts) at Wikimedia Commons
• Synagogue website