Conversion of units of temperature
This is a compendium of temperature conversion formulas and comparisons among eight different temperature scales, several of which have long been obsolete.
Celsius (centigrade)
For more details on this topic, see Celsius.
from Celsius | to Celsius | |
---|---|---|
Fahrenheit | [°F] = [°C] × 9⁄5 + 32 | [°C] = ([°F] − 32) × 5⁄9 |
Kelvin | [K] = [°C] + 273.15 | [°C] = [K] − 273.15 |
Rankine | [°R] = ([°C] + 273.15) × 9⁄5 | [°C] = ([°R] − 491.67) × 5⁄9 |
Delisle | [°De] = (100 − [°C]) × 3⁄2 | [°C] = 100 − [°De] × 2⁄3 |
Newton | [°N] = [°C] × 33⁄100 | [°C] = [°N] × 100⁄33 |
Réaumur | [°Ré] = [°C] × 4⁄5 | [°C] = [°Ré] × 5⁄4 |
Rømer | [°Rø] = [°C] × 21⁄40 + 7.5 | [°C] = ([°Rø] − 7.5) × 40⁄21 |
Fahrenheit
For more details on this topic, see Fahrenheit.
from Fahrenheit | to Fahrenheit | |
---|---|---|
Celsius | [°C] = ([°F] − 32) × 5⁄9 | [°F] = [°C] × 9⁄5 + 32 |
Kelvin | [K] = ([°F] + 459.67) × 5⁄9 | [°F] = [K] × 9⁄5 − 459.67 |
Rankine | [°R] = [°F] + 459.67 | [°F] = [°R] − 459.67 |
Delisle | [°De] = (212 − [°F]) × 5⁄6 | [°F] = 212 − [°De] × 6⁄5 |
Newton | [°N] = ([°F] − 32) × 11⁄60 | [°F] = [°N] × 60⁄11 + 32 |
Réaumur | [°Ré] = ([°F] − 32) × 4⁄9 | [°F] = [°Ré] × 9⁄4 + 32 |
Rømer | [°Rø] = ([°F] − 32) × 7⁄24 + 7.5 | [°F] = ([°Rø] − 7.5) × 24⁄7 + 32 |
Kelvin
For more details on this topic, see Kelvin.
from Kelvin | to Kelvin | |
---|---|---|
Celsius | [°C] = [K] − 273.15 | [K] = [°C] + 273.15 |
Fahrenheit | [°F] = [K] × 9⁄5 − 459.67 | [K] = ([°F] + 459.67) × 5⁄9 |
Rankine | [°R] = [K] × 9⁄5 | [K] = [°R] × 5⁄9 |
Delisle | [°De] = (373.15 − [K]) × 3⁄2 | [K] = 373.15 − [°De] × 2⁄3 |
Newton | [°N] = ([K] − 273.15) × 33⁄100 | [K] = [°N] × 100⁄33 + 273.15 |
Réaumur | [°Ré] = ([K] − 273.15) × 4⁄5 | [K] = [°Ré] × 5⁄4 + 273.15 |
Rømer | [°Rø] = ([K] − 273.15) × 21⁄40 + 7.5 | [K] = ([°Rø] − 7.5) × 40⁄21 + 273.15 |
Rankine
For more details on this topic, see Rankine scale.
from Rankine | to Rankine | |
---|---|---|
Celsius | [°C] = ([°R] − 491.67) × 5⁄9 | [°R] = ([°C] + 273.15) × 9⁄5 |
Fahrenheit | [°F] = [°R] − 459.67 | [°R] = [°F] + 459.67 |
Kelvin | [K] = [°R] × 5⁄9 | [°R] = [K] × 9⁄5 |
Delisle | [°De] = (671.67 − [°R]) × 5⁄6 | [°R] = 671.67 − [°De] × 6⁄5 |
Newton | [°N] = ([°R] − 491.67) × 11⁄60 | [°R] = [°N] × 60⁄11 + 491.67 |
Réaumur | [°Ré] = ([°R] − 491.67) × 4⁄9 | [°R] = [°Ré] × 9⁄4 + 491.67 |
Rømer | [°Rø] = ([°R] − 491.67) × 7⁄24 + 7.5 | [°R] = ([°Rø] − 7.5) × 24⁄7 + 491.67 |
Delisle
For more details on this topic, see Delisle scale.
from Delisle | to Delisle | |
---|---|---|
Celsius | [°C] = 100 − [°De] × 2⁄3 | [°De] = (100 − [°C]) × 3⁄2 |
Fahrenheit | [°F] = 212 − [°De] × 6⁄5 | [°De] = (212 − [°F]) × 5⁄6 |
Kelvin | [K] = 373.15 − [°De] × 2⁄3 | [°De] = (373.15 − [K]) × 3⁄2 |
Rankine | [°R] = 671.67 − [°De] × 6⁄5 | [°De] = (671.67 − [°R]) × 5⁄6 |
Newton | [°N] = 33 − [°De] × 11⁄50 | [°De] = (33 − [°N]) × 50⁄11 |
Réaumur | [°Ré] = 80 − [°De] × 8⁄15 | [°De] = (80 − [°Ré]) × 15⁄8 |
Rømer | [°Rø] = 60 − [°De] × 7⁄20 | [°De] = (60 − [°Rø]) × 20⁄7 |
Newton
For more details on this topic, see Newton scale.
from Newton | to Newton | |
---|---|---|
Celsius | [°C] = [°N] × 100⁄33 | [°N] = [°C] × 33⁄100 |
Fahrenheit | [°F] = [°N] × 60⁄11 + 32 | [°N] = ([°F] − 32) × 11⁄60 |
Kelvin | [K] = [°N] × 100⁄33 + 273.15 | [°N] = ([K] − 273.15) × 33⁄100 |
Rankine | [°R] = [°N] × 60⁄11 + 491.67 | [°N] = ([°R] − 491.67) × 11⁄60 |
Delisle | [°De] = (33 − [°N]) × 50⁄11 | [°N] = 33 − [°De] × 11⁄50 |
Réaumur | [°Ré] = [°N] × 80⁄33 | [°N] = [°Ré] × 33⁄80 |
Rømer | [°Rø] = [°N] × 35⁄22 + 7.5 | [°N] = ([°Rø] − 7.5) × 22⁄35 |
Réaumur
For more details on this topic, see Réaumur scale.
from Réaumur | to Réaumur | |
---|---|---|
Celsius | [°C] = [°Ré] × 5⁄4 | [°Ré] = [°C] × 4⁄5 |
Fahrenheit | [°F] = [°Ré] × 9⁄4 + 32 | [°Ré] = ([°F] − 32) × 4⁄9 |
Kelvin | [K] = [°Ré] × 5⁄4 + 273.15 | [°Ré] = ([K] − 273.15) × 4⁄5 |
Rankine | [°R] = [°Ré] × 9⁄4 + 491.67 | [°Ré] = ([°R] − 491.67) × 4⁄9 |
Delisle | [°De] = (80 − [°Ré]) × 15⁄8 | [°Ré] = 80 − [°De] × 8⁄15 |
Newton | [°N] = [°Ré] × 33⁄80 | [°Ré] = [°N] × 80⁄33 |
Rømer | [°Rø] = [°Ré] × 21⁄32 + 7.5 | [°Ré] = ([°Rø] − 7.5) × 32⁄21 |
Rømer
For more details on this topic, see Rømer scale.
from Rømer | to Rømer | |
---|---|---|
Celsius | [°C] = ([°Rø] − 7.5) × 40⁄21 | [°Rø] = [°C] × 21⁄40 + 7.5 |
Fahrenheit | [°F] = ([°Rø] − 7.5) × 24⁄7 + 32 | [°Rø] = ([°F] − 32) × 7⁄24 + 7.5 |
Kelvin | [K] = ([°Rø] − 7.5) × 40⁄21 + 273.15 | [°Rø] = ([K] − 273.15) × 21⁄40 + 7.5 |
Rankine | [°R] = ([°Rø] − 7.5) × 24⁄7 + 491.67 | [°Rø] = ([°R] − 491.67) × 7⁄24 + 7.5 |
Delisle | [°De] = (60 − [°Rø]) × 20⁄7 | [°Rø] = 60 − [°De] × 7⁄20 |
Newton | [°N] = ([°Rø] − 7.5) × 22⁄35 | [°Rø] = [°N] × 35⁄22 + 7.5 |
Réaumur | [°Ré] = ([°Rø] − 7.5) × 32⁄21 | [°Rø] = [°Ré] × 21⁄32 + 7.5 |
Comparison
Celsius | Fahrenheit | Kelvin | Rankine | Delisle | Newton | Réaumur | Rømer |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
300.00 | 572.00 | 573.15 | 1031.67 | −300.00 | 99.00 | 240.00 | 165.00 |
290.00 | 554.00 | 563.15 | 1013.67 | −285.00 | 95.70 | 232.00 | 159.75 |
280.00 | 536.00 | 553.15 | 995.67 | −270.00 | 92.40 | 224.00 | 154.50 |
270.00 | 518.00 | 543.15 | 977.67 | −255.00 | 89.10 | 216.00 | 149.25 |
260.00 | 500.00 | 533.15 | 959.67 | −240.00 | 85.80 | 208.00 | 144.00 |
250.00 | 482.00 | 523.15 | 941.67 | −225.00 | 82.50 | 200.00 | 138.75 |
240.00 | 464.00 | 513.15 | 923.67 | −210.00 | 79.20 | 192.00 | 133.50 |
230.00 | 446.00 | 503.15 | 905.67 | −195.00 | 75.90 | 184.00 | 128.25 |
220.00 | 428.00 | 493.15 | 887.67 | −180.00 | 72.60 | 176.00 | 123.00 |
210.00 | 410.00 | 483.15 | 869.67 | −165.00 | 69.30 | 168.00 | 117.75 |
200.00 | 392.00 | 473.15 | 851.67 | −150.00 | 66.00 | 160.00 | 112.50 |
190.00 | 374.00 | 463.15 | 833.67 | −135.00 | 62.70 | 152.00 | 107.25 |
180.00 | 356.00 | 453.15 | 815.67 | −120.00 | 59.40 | 144.00 | 102.00 |
170.00 | 338.00 | 443.15 | 797.67 | −105.00 | 56.10 | 136.00 | 96.75 |
160.00 | 320.00 | 433.15 | 779.67 | −90.00 | 52.80 | 128.00 | 91.50 |
150.00 | 302.00 | 423.15 | 761.67 | −75.00 | 49.50 | 120.00 | 86.25 |
140.00 | 284.00 | 413.15 | 743.67 | −60.00 | 46.20 | 112.00 | 81.00 |
130.00 | 266.00 | 403.15 | 725.67 | −45.00 | 42.90 | 104.00 | 75.75 |
120.00 | 248.00 | 393.15 | 707.67 | −30.00 | 39.60 | 96.00 | 70.50 |
110.00 | 230.00 | 383.15 | 689.67 | −15.00 | 36.30 | 88.00 | 65.25 |
100.00 | 212.00 | 373.15 | 671.67 | 0.00 | 33.00 | 80.00 | 60.00 |
90.00 | 194.00 | 363.15 | 653.67 | 15.00 | 29.70 | 72.00 | 54.75 |
80.00 | 176.00 | 353.15 | 635.67 | 30.00 | 26.40 | 64.00 | 49.50 |
70.00 | 158.00 | 343.15 | 617.67 | 45.00 | 23.10 | 56.00 | 44.25 |
60.00 | 140.00 | 333.15 | 599.67 | 60.00 | 19.80 | 48.00 | 39.00 |
50.00 | 122.00 | 323.15 | 581.67 | 75.00 | 16.50 | 40.00 | 33.75 |
40.00 | 104.00 | 313.15 | 563.67 | 90.00 | 13.20 | 32.00 | 28.50 |
30.00 | 86.00 | 303.15 | 545.67 | 105.00 | 9.90 | 24.00 | 23.25 |
20.00 | 68.00 | 293.15 | 527.67 | 120.00 | 6.60 | 16.00 | 18.00 |
10.00 | 50.00 | 283.15 | 509.67 | 135.00 | 3.30 | 8.00 | 12.75 |
0.00 | 32.00 | 273.15 | 491.67 | 150.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 7.50 |
−10.00 | 14.00 | 263.15 | 473.67 | 165.00 | −3.30 | −8.00 | 2.25 |
−20.00 | −4.00 | 253.15 | 455.67 | 180.00 | −6.60 | −16.00 | −3.00 |
−30.00 | −22.00 | 243.15 | 437.67 | 195.00 | −9.90 | −24.00 | −8.25 |
−40.00 | −40.00 | 233.15 | 419.67 | 210.00 | −13.20 | −32.00 | −13.50 |
−50.00 | −58.00 | 223.15 | 401.67 | 225.00 | −16.50 | −40.00 | −18.75 |
−60.00 | −76.00 | 213.15 | 383.67 | 240.00 | −19.80 | −48.00 | −24.00 |
−70.00 | −94.00 | 203.15 | 365.67 | 255.00 | −23.10 | −56.00 | −29.25 |
−80.00 | −112.00 | 193.15 | 347.67 | 270.00 | −26.40 | −64.00 | −34.50 |
−90.00 | −130.00 | 183.15 | 329.67 | 285.00 | −29.70 | −72.00 | −39.75 |
−100.00 | −148.00 | 173.15 | 311.67 | 300.00 | −33.00 | −80.00 | −45.00 |
−110.00 | −166.00 | 163.15 | 293.67 | 315.00 | −36.30 | −88.00 | −50.25 |
−120.00 | −184.00 | 153.15 | 275.67 | 330.00 | −39.60 | −96.00 | −55.50 |
−130.00 | −202.00 | 143.15 | 257.67 | 345.00 | −42.90 | −104.00 | −60.75 |
−140.00 | −220.00 | 133.15 | 239.67 | 360.00 | −46.20 | −112.00 | −66.00 |
−150.00 | −238.00 | 123.15 | 221.67 | 375.00 | −49.50 | −120.00 | −71.25 |
−160.00 | −256.00 | 113.15 | 203.67 | 390.00 | −52.80 | −128.00 | −76.50 |
−170.00 | −274.00 | 103.15 | 185.67 | 405.00 | −56.10 | −136.00 | −81.75 |
−180.00 | −292.00 | 93.15 | 167.67 | 420.00 | −59.40 | −144.00 | −87.00 |
−190.00 | −310.00 | 83.15 | 149.67 | 435.00 | −62.70 | −152.00 | −92.25 |
−200.00 | −328.00 | 73.15 | 131.67 | 450.00 | −66.00 | −160.00 | −97.50 |
−210.00 | −346.00 | 63.15 | 113.67 | 465.00 | −69.30 | −168.00 | −102.75 |
−220.00 | −364.00 | 53.15 | 95.67 | 480.00 | −72.60 | −176.00 | −108.00 |
−230.00 | −382.00 | 43.15 | 77.67 | 495.00 | −75.90 | −184.00 | −113.25 |
−240.00 | −400.00 | 33.15 | 59.67 | 510.00 | −79.20 | −192.00 | −118.50 |
−250.00 | −418.00 | 23.15 | 41.67 | 525.00 | −82.50 | −200.00 | −123.75 |
−260.00 | −436.00 | 13.15 | 23.67 | 540.00 | −85.80 | −208.00 | −129.00 |
−273.15 | −459.67 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 559.73 | −90.14 | −218.52 | −135.90 |
Celsius | Fahrenheit | Kelvin | Rankine | Delisle | Newton | Réaumur | Rømer |
Comparison of temperature scales
Comment | Kelvin | Celsius | Fahrenheit | Rankine | Delisle | Newton | Réaumur | Rømer |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Absolute zero | 0.00 | −273.15 | −459.67 | 0.00 | 559.73 | −90.14 | −218.52 | −135.90 |
Lowest recorded surface temperature on Earth[1] | 184 | −89.2[1] | −128.6[1] | 331 | 284 | −29 | −71 | −39 |
Fahrenheit's ice/salt mixture | 255.37 | −17.78 | 0.00 | 459.67 | 176.67 | −5.87 | −14.22 | −1.83 |
Ice melts (at standard pressure) | 273.15 | 0.00 | 32.00 | 491.67 | 150.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 7.50 |
Triple point of water | 273.16 | 0.01 | 32.018 | 491.688 | 149.985 | 0.0033 | 0.008 | 7.50525 |
Average surface temperature on Earth | 288 | 15 | 59 | 519 | 128 | 5 | 12 | 15 |
Average human body temperature* | 310 | 37 | 98 | 558 | 95 | 12 | 29 | 27 |
Highest recorded surface temperature on Earth[2] | 331 | 58[2] | 136.4[2] | 596 | 63 | 19 | 46 | 38 |
Water boils (at standard pressure) | 373.1339[3] | 99.9839[3] | 211.97102[4] | 671.64102[4] | 0.00 | 33.00 | 80.00 | 60.00 |
Titanium melts | 1941 | 1668 | 3034 | 3494 | −2352 | 550 | 1334 | 883 |
The surface of the Sun | 5800 | 5500 | 9900 | 10400 | −8100 | 1800 | 4400 | 2900 |
* Normal human body temperature is 36.8 °C ±0.7 °C, or 98.2 °F ±1.3 °F. The commonly given value 98.6 °F is simply the exact conversion of the nineteenth-century German standard of 37 °C. Since it does not list an acceptable range, it could therefore be said to have excess (invalid) precision.[5]
Some numbers in this table have been rounded.
Graphical representation
Conversion table between different temperature units
See also
Notes and references
- 1 2 3 4 The Coldest Inhabited Places on Earth; researches of the Vostok Station recorded the coldest known temperature on Earth on July 21st 1983: −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F).
- 1 2 3 4 World: Highest Temperature; an Italian weather station in al 'Aziziyah (Libya) measured a temperature of 58 °C (136.4 °F) on September 13th 1922. "Although this record has gained general acceptance as the world's highest temperature recorded under standard conditions, the validity of the extreme has been questioned."
- 1 2 http://chemistry.uah.edu/Faculty/shriver/supplements/Temperature%20scales.pdf The University of Alabama in Huntsville - Temperature scales – Celsius, centigrade, and kelvin
- 1 2 http://www.tampile.com/scales.php Tampile - Temperature Conversion Scales
- ↑ "Temperature of a Healthy Human (Body Temperature)". Hypertextbook.com. Retrieved 2010-09-16.
External links
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