Teen pop

Teen pop is a subgenre of pop music that is created, marketed and oriented towards preteens and teenagers (ages 10 to 19).^[1][2] Teen pop copies genres and styles such as pop, dance, electronic, R&B, hip-hop, country, and rock.^[2] Typical characteristics of teen pop music include lyrics that focus on teenage issues (such as sexual or emotional love or relationships, finding yourself, friendships, coming of age, fitting in, and growing up) choreographed dancing, emphasis on visual appeal (photogenic faces, slender body physiques, immaculately attended hair and designer clothes), and repeated chorus lines along with a generally happy tune in the background. Since the late-1990s, Auto-Tuned vocals have been a highly prevalent element of the genre.

History

20th century

Teen-oriented popular music had become common by the end of the Swing Era, in the late 1940s, with Frank Sinatra being an early teen idol. However, it was the early 1960s that became known as the "Golden Age" for pop teen idols, who included Paul Anka, Fabian Forte, Ricky Nelson and Frankie Avalon.^[1] During the 1970s, one of the most popular preteen and teen-oriented acts was The Osmonds,^[1] where family members Donny and Marie both enjoyed individual success as well as success as a duo apart from the main family (Donny also recorded with his brothers as The Osmonds). Other successful singers and bands appealing to tweens and teens were Bobby Sherman, The DeFranco Family, David Cassidy (both solo and as lead singer of The Partridge Family), Shaun Cassidy, The Brady Bunch Kids, the Jackson 5 (along with lead singer Michael Jackson) and a pre-disco the Bee Gees.

The first major wave of teen pop after the counterculture of the 1960s and 1970s occurred in the mid to late 1980s, with artists such as Menudo, New Edition, Debbie Gibson, Tiffany and New Kids on the Block.^[1][2] In the early 1990s, teen pop dominated the charts until grunge and gangsta rap crossed over into the mainstream in North America by late 1991. Teen pop remained popular in the United Kingdom and other parts of the world with the boy bands Take That, 3T; and Lynda Thomas.^[3][4][5] during the mid-1990s.^[2]

In 1996, British girl group the Spice Girls, released their first single "Wannabe", which made them major pop stars in the UK, as well as in the US and the rest of the world the following year. The girl group started and reinvigorated a new teen-pop craze. In their wake, other teen pop groups and singers came to prominence, including Hanson, Backstreet Boys, *NSYNC, Youngstown, Robyn, 98 Degrees, Five and All Saints.^[1][2] In 1999, the success of teenaged pop-singers Britney Spears and Christina Aguilera, as well as (to a near as successful extent) Jessica Simpson and Mandy Moore marked the development of what Allmusic refers to as the "pop Lolita" trend,^[1][2] sparking the short careers of future pop singers such as Willa Ford, Brooke Allison, Jamie-Lynn Sigler, Mikaila, Samantha Mumba, Nikki Cleary, and Kaci. In 2001, artists like Aaron Carter, Swedish group A-Teens, girl groups 3LW, Eden's Crush, No Secrets, Play, and Dream and boy band Dream Street became big on the Pop scene as well. Alternate "looks" for female teen pop stars included P!nk & Hoku. Britpop surged with Atomic Kitten and Billie Piper.

The "Carter legacy" continued with the failed pop career of Leslie Carter, whose only single was a song titled "Like Wow".

According to Gayle Ward, the demise of this late 1990s teen pop was due to:

• promotional oversaturation of teen pop music in 1999 and 2000;
• the public's changing attitude toward it, deeming teen pop as inauthentic and corporate-produced;
• the transition of the pre-teen and teenage fanbase of these teen pop artists during 1997–2000 to young adulthood (and the accompanying changes in musical interests);
• other musical genres such as post-grunge rock (like Nickelback, Puddle of Mudd, The Calling, Three Days Grace, Hoobastank, Creed, and Seether) and hip hop (such as 50 Cent, Eminem, Lil Wayne and Lil' Jon) began increasing in popularity.^[6]

By mid 2002, late 1990s and early 2000s teen pop artists entered hiatuses and semi-retirements (*NSYNC, 98 degrees, Destiny's Child) or changed their musical style, including the Backstreet Boys, Spears, and Aguilera.^[1] Many teen artists starting incorporating genres such as pop rock, contemporary R&B and hip hop. B2K, a hip hop, pop and R&B group, was made up of teenage boys so it was considered a boy band and was popular across the world. Their style of music was very different from other teenage artists, sounding more mature and R&B than the typical boy band, though the members were all in their mid-teenage years as well. B2K disbanded in January 2004. Other teenage artists who sounded more mature in this way were Jhene and Mario.

Many teen pop artists struggled for air time on popular radio stations because the radio could only support a handful of teen pop artists at a time. Therefore, many teen pop artists turned to television or the internet in order to ensure an increase in their popularity. "While radio can't possibly air so many pop contenders, television exposure is often the catalyst that helps an act break loose from the pack." ("More on the Way: The Next Generation of Teen Pop Acts...", ProQuest).

21st century

Jonas Brothers in 2007.

Around 2005, teen pop was more into a pop-rock genre, with the success of teenaged singers such as Avril Lavigne, Hilary Duff, Ashlee Simpson, Lindsay Lohan, Aly & AJ, Drake Bell, Jesse McCartney, and Cheyenne Kimball. The success of Fall Out Boy's "Sugar, We're Goin Down" in mid-2005 and of My Chemical Romance's "Welcome to the Black Parade" in 2006 sparked an interest in pop-rock aimed at teens, leading to the mainstream success of All-American Rejects, Panic! At the Disco, Boys Like Girls, and other teen-oriented rock bands. Unlike the "boy bands" who preceded them, these bands became famous without corporate construction, wrote their own music, and their lyrics often dealt with such topics as serious illness, stalking, and sexual infidelity and jealousy. For this reason, Disney and Nickelodeon-based pop-rock acts, such as the Jonas Brothers and Big Time Rush, were marketed as safe alternatives for younger children interested in the genre.

However, other teen artists in the more R&B tinged pop vein were also popular, such as JoJo, Rihanna, Ciara, and Chris Brown, as they all achieved success and indicated new relevance of teen-oriented pop music.^[1] Around this time, American Idol winners Kelly Clarkson and Carrie Underwood became some of the most prominent figures in teen pop.

Since the mid-2000s, many teen stars have developed careers through their involvement with Disney, like singer-songwriters Miley Cyrus, Selena Gomez, Demi Lovato, the Jonas Brothers, and the Cheetah Girls, although some other Disney stars did many years before that. Other teen pop stars emerged by 2007, such as American Idol winner Jordin Sparks and Nickelodeon stars Victoria Justice and Miranda Cosgrove.

In the "do it yourself" category of teen pop artists, singer-songwriter Taylor Swift emerged as a major star on both the country and pop music scene, scoring major hits with songs such as "You Belong With Me", "Love Story", and "We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together".

In late 2009, Canadian singer Justin Bieber started to gain popularity through YouTube, to later become a protégé of R&B singer Usher. Within a year, the creation of Ark Music Factory helped contributed a new generation of teen pop artists via the internet, such as Rebecca Black and Jenna Rose, despite major criticism with these artists due to the excessive use of auto-tune, inane lyrics, and lack of vocal talent.

In 2011, a new boy band wave was recreated, thanks to the success of the British-Irish boy-bands One Direction and The Wanted, as well as American boy-bands, such as Big Time Rush who achieved great success in 2010 when they released their debut album BTR which was very successful around the world.

In 2013, the ex-Disney stars, Lovato, Gomez, and Cyrus released their fourth studio albums (in the case of Gomez, her first solo).

In early 2013, Nickelodeon star Ariana Grande gained mainstream success through her hit debut single "The Way" and has been since recognized as a teen pop idol as well as becoming big in mainstream R&B and teen pop. Girl groups such as Fifth Harmony and Little Mix began their debuts in the pop music world that same year.

In Japan, Momoiro Clover Z is popular among teenagers because of their energetic performance including acrobatic stunts.^[7]

In Japanese teen pop culture, the category of "idol" is playing an important role. It is an entertainment personality marketed as someone to be admired, usually for their cuteness or coolness. Idols are intended to be role models. They are supposed to have a good public image and be good examples to young people. Idols aim to play a wide range of roles as media personalities (tarento), e.g. pop singers, panelists of variety programs, bit-part actors, models for magazines and advertisements.

One of the most famous idol groups is Momoiro Clover Z. During 2014, about 486,000 people attended their live concerts, which was the highest record of all female musicians in Japan.^[8] Momoiro Clover Z has been ranked as the most popular female idol group from 2013 to 2015.^{[9][10][11][12]} The group is known for energetic performances, incorporating elements of ballet, gymnastics, and action movies.^[13] Although the girls' voices are not very stable when coupled with an intense dance, they never lipsynch.^[14]

In India, teen pop culture started in the early 2010s. Examples of teen pop artists that are very popular in India include Ci Jean and J-Star.^[15]

List of teen pop and rock musicians/bands

See also

• Teen drama - (List of teen dramas)
• Teen film - (List of teen films)
• Teen magazine - (List of teen magazines)
• Teen sitcom - (List of teen situation comedies)
• Teenybopper
• Youth culture

References

External links

• Teen pop at Allmusic