Taro Yoko

Taro Yoko (横尾 太郎, Yokoo Tarō, born June 6, 1970), also written as "ヨコオタロウ", is a Japanese video game director and scenario writer, having worked most notably at now-defunct game company Cavia and become known for his work on the action role-playing video game series Drakengard and its spin-off Nier. Yoko was born in Nagoya, Aichi, and studied at the Kobe Design University in the 1990s. While initially not intending to pursue a career in video games, after working at Namco and Sony, he joined Cavia and became the director and scenario writer for the first Drakengard game. He has since worked on every game in the series, as well as on mobile titles after becoming a freelancer after Cavia's absorption into AQ Interactive.

Yoko has become known for his unconventional style of video games, incorporating odd design choices and dark stories. One of the main aspects of his work is exploring the darker aspects of people, such as why they are driven to kill each other, although he typically does not share common opinion on his story's dark natures. His writing technique, described as "backwards scriptwriting", involves outlining the ending of the story first and building the narrative backwards from that point. Due to his dislike of being photographed, he generally wears a mask when giving interviews or presenting games.

Biography

Taro Yoko was born in Nagoya, Aichi on June 6 1970.^[2] Yoko's parents were often absent at their jobs, so he was mostly raised by his grandmother, who left a strong impression on him.^[3] During his youth, he experienced an incident that would influence his later work as a scenario writer: while in a shopping street with a group of friends, one of them who was walking along a high building roof slipped and died from the fall. The scene as Yoko remembered it was initially "horrifying", but in hindsight he saw humorous elements as well.^[4] He studied at Kobe Design University and graduated in March 1994.^[2][5] He is married to Yukiko Yoko, an illustrator who worked on Taiko: Drum Master and also did work on Drakengard 3.^[1][2]

Career

Initially not intending to pursue a career in video games, his first job after graduating was as a 3D CGI designer for Bandai Namco Games (then Namco Limited) a month after graduating.^[2][6][7] In 1999, he joined Sugar and Rockets Inc., a now-defunct second-party developer owned by Sony Computer Entertainment. In 2001, a year after Sugar and Rockets' consolidation by Sony, Yoko got a job at Cavia.^[2] While working at Cavia, he became involved in the creation of Drakengard. While the game's co-producer Takuya Iwasaki intended to take the director's role, he was busy with other projects, so Yoko was asked to take up director's duties.^[8] He also helped create the scenario and characters, as well as co-writing the script with Sawako Natori.^[9][10][11] During its production, Yoko was unhappy with the amount of changes asked for by the game's advisory board. It got to the point where he decided he would not work on another Drakengard.^[12] He was later involved in the production of Drakengard 2, being credited as a video editor while also remaining as one of the game's creative staff.^[2][13] Mostly tied up with another project during production, his original concept for the game as an arcade-style game with dragons in space was vetoed and he had creative clashes with the game's new director Akira Yasui.^[13]

After Drakengard 2 was completed, Yoko started work on a third entry in the series. As the game developed, the initial concept was developed to the point where the game was rebranded as Nier, a spin-off from the series. Despite this, Yoko continued to consider it the third entry in the series.^[14] After Nier was released and Cavia was absorbed into AQ Interactive, Yoko left the company and pursued an independent career.^[15] During this period, he took an unknown role in the development of Square Enix's social game Monster X Dragon.^[16] The majority of his freelancer work involved social mobile games.^[17] Many years later, Yoko teamed back up with multiple staff from the production of Drakengard and Nier to create a true second sequel to Drakengard, determining through questionnaires that the main appeal to the fanbase was the dark stories.^[18] After the completion of Drakengard 3, Yoko "went back into unemployment".^[19] After that, he began writing a short-term special column for Famitsu titled "Taro Yoko's Circle of No Good Thinking" or alternatively translated as "Yoko Taro's 'Bad Thought Process'".^{[20][21][22][23][24]}

He collaborated with Okabe Keiichi (MONACA) and the idol company Dearstage in Akihabara to create the group "YoRHa". Their first debut was on May 27, 2012 at Shibuya WWW. The first run of the stage play ran from October 1-5, 2014. The play went through a significant upgrade in the Ver.1.1 version, featuring new scenes and additional stage effects. This upgraded version ran from May 23-31, 2015.^[25]

In 2015, Yoko announced that he had started his own company called Bukkono, staffed by Yoko, his wife Yukiko, and Hana Kikuchi, novelist and scenario writer for Nier and Drakengard 3.^[1]

Yoko has stated his intense dislike of interviews. His reason, according to his Famitsu column, was that he feels video game developers are not entertainers or commentators on their work, and that he thinks the subjects they talk about in interviews would be overly boring to those reading or listening.^[26] When he does give interviews, he prefers to wear a mask to avoid being photographed, and in a video interview concerning Drakengard 3, he used a glove puppet.^[27] He has also stated that he likes to be blunt when stating his opinions, as he feels that video game fans deserve truth and honesty.^[11]

Game design

Yoko is noted for creating games with a dark, disturbing or unusual atmosphere. This was stated as the main reason he was brought in to work on Monster x Dragon.^[16] His writing method, which he has not seen in other works of fiction, is called "backwards scriptwriting".^[7] He described it as starting with the ending first, then working backwards from there.^[7] He then creates central plot points that form emotional peaks in the narrative, adds details, then scatters them through the narrative so the player can build a suitable emotional connection.^[7] He uses a secondary method called "photo thinking" in conjunction with his scriptwriting method.^[28] Yoko describes it as a method of visualizing and keeping in order events and emotional peaks throughout the story.^[28] He cited his inspiration for this method as The Memory Palace of Matteo Ricci by Jonathan Spence.^[28] He is keen in experimenting with the video game format, feeling that many conventions of the video game market inhibit developers' creative freedom.^[7][27] Many of his games reflect his own feelings about death and his socratic questioning of the concept.^[4] Yoko also considers food an important tool in creating a game, stating that he thinks that types of food from across the world can help him get a feel for the people the game is being aimed at.^[29]

Yoko was influenced in his style for the Drakengard series by many games of the day: a commonality he noted was that the player got gradings for their performance after killing dozens or hundreds of enemy units in a "gloating" manner.^[27] Because the concept of enjoying killing seemed insane to him, he designed the first game's main protagonists to be insane. He also wished to explore what drove people to kill each other.^[27] Later, for Nier and Drakengard 3, Yoko explored the idea of a terrible event where both sides believed they were doing the right thing. For Nier, he took direct inspiration from the September 11 attacks and the War on Terror.^[27][30] Another direct influence on Nier was of the gameplay of the God of War series, which both he and the game's producer Yosuke Saito admired.^[31] He has stated his dislike for the "plain and forgettable" type of female video game character: he demonstrated his dislike for this and the stereotypical role-playing video game romance in Furiae, an important character in Drakengard.^[8] Another character he has been greatly involved in creating is Zero, Drakengard 3's protagonist: while creating her, he felt it would be interesting to create a character who was formerly a prostitute as it was a character type that was fairly rare in video games.^[32] In general, Yoko does not consider his writing to be as dark as others see it, while admitting that he deliberately incorporates dark elements.^[4][33]

Works

Video games

Books and manga

References

External links

• "Diary of Tarō Yoko" online blog (Japanese)
• Dengeki Online interview series about Drakengard and Nier (Japanese)
• Bukkoro home page (Japanese)