TCEP

For the flame retardant chemical, see tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate.
TCEP
Skeletal formula of TCEP
Space-filling model of the TCEP molecule
Names
IUPAC name
3,3′,3′′-Phosphanetriyltripropanoic acid
Other names
TCEP
Tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine
Identifiers
51805-45-9 YesY
ChemSpider 106653 N
Jmol interactive 3D Image
PubChem 119411
Properties
C9H15O6P
Molar mass 250.19 g·mol−1
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references

TCEP (tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine) is a reducing agent frequently used in biochemistry and molecular biology applications.[1] It is often prepared and used as a hydrochloride salt (TCEP-HCl) with a molecular weight of 286.65 gram/mol. It is soluble in water and available as a stabilized solution at neutral pH and immobilized onto an agarose support to facilitate removal of the reducing agent.

Applications

TCEP is often used as a reducing agent to break disulfide bonds within and between proteins as a preparatory step for gel electrophoresis.

Compared to the other two most common agents used for this purpose (dithiothreitol and β-mercaptoethanol), TCEP has the advantages of being odorless, a more powerful reducing agent, an irreversible reducing agent (in the sense that TCEP does not regenerate--the end product of TCEP-mediated disulfide cleavage is in fact two free thiols/cysteines), more hydrophilic, and more resistant to oxidation in air.[2] It also does not reduce metals used in immobilized metal affinity chromatography.

TCEP is particularly useful when labeling cysteine residues with maleimides. TCEP can keep the cysteines from forming di-sulfide bonds and unlike dithiothreitol and β-mercaptoethanol, it will not react as readily with the maleimide.[2] However, TCEP has been reported to react with maleimide under certain conditions.[3][4]

TCEP is also used in the tissue homogenization process for RNA isolation.[5]

References

  1. ↑ Ruegg, U.T and Rudinger, J. (1977). "Reductive cleavage of cystine disulfides with tributylphosphine". Methods Enzymol. Methods in Enzymology 47: 111–116. doi:10.1016/0076-6879(77)47012-5. ISBN 978-0-12-181947-7. PMID 927167.
  2. 1 2 TCEP technical information, from Interchim
  3. ↑ Shafer, D. E.; Inman, J. K.; Lees, A. (2002). "Reaction of Tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP) with Maleimide and α-Haloacyl Groups: Anomalous Elution of TCEP by Gel Filtration". Anal. Biochem. 282 (1): 161–164. doi:10.1006/abio.2000.4609. PMID 10860517.
  4. ↑ Tyagarajan K, Pretzer E, Wiktorowicz JE (2003). "Thiol-reactive dyes for fluorescence labeling of proteomic samples". Electrophoresis 24 (14): 2348–2358. doi:10.1002/elps.200305478. PMID 12874870.
  5. ↑ Bischoff, S. R.; Tsai, S. Q.; Hardison, N. E.; Motsinger-Reif, A. A.; Freking, B. A.; Nonneman, D. J.; Rohrer, G. A.; Piedrahita, J. A. (2013). "Differences in X-chromosome transcriptional activity and cholesterol metabolism between placentae from swine breeds from Asian and Western origins". PLoS ONE 8 (1): e55345. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...855345B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0055345. PMC 3561265. PMID 23383161.
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