Syodontinae

Syodontinae
Temporal range: Middle Permian 267–260 Ma
Pampaphoneus biccai skull
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Clade: Synapsida
Order: Therapsida
Suborder: Dinocephalia
Family: Anteosauridae
Subfamily: Syodontinae
Ivakhnenko, 1994
Subgroups

Syodontinae is a group of dinocephalian therapsids. It is one of two subfamilies in the family Anteosauridae, the other being Anteosaurinae.[1] They are known from the Middle Permian Period of what is now Russia and South Africa. One of the best known syodontines is Syodon from Russia. The South African form Australosyodon, is one of the earliest known Gondwanan anteosaurs.

Description

Syodontines lack the boss on the lower jaw that characterises the related anteosaurines, and they have often been considered more primitive in this respect.

Classification

Below is a cladogram showing syodontine relationships from a 2012 phylogenetic study of anteosaurians:[2]

Therapsida

Biarmosuchus tener


Dinocephalia


Estemmenosuchus uralensis




Ulemosaurus svijagensis



Tapinocaninus pamelae




Anteosauridae

Archaeosyodon praeventor



Anteosaurinae

Sinophoneus yumenensis




Titanophoneus adamanteus




Titanophoneus potens



Anteosaurus magnificus





Syodontinae

Pampaphoneus biccai




Notosyodon gusevi




Syodon biarmicum



Australosyodon nyaphuli









References

  1. Kammerer, C.F. (2011). "Systematics of the Anteosauria (Therapsida: Dinocephalia)". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 9 (2). doi:10.1080/14772019.2010.492645.
  2. Cisneros, J.C.; Abdala, F.; Atayman-Güven, S.; Rubidge, B.S.; Şengör, A.M.C.; Schultz, C.L. (2012). "Carnivorous dinocephalian from the Middle Permian of Brazil and tetrapod dispersal in Pangaea". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 109 (5): 1584–1588. doi:10.1073/pnas.1115975109.
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