States and union territories of India

Indian States and Union territories
Indian Ocean Bay of Bengal Andaman Sea Arabian Sea Laccadive Sea Siachen Glacier Andaman and Nicobar Islands Chandigarh Dadra and Nagar Haveli Daman and Diu Delhi Lakshadweep Pondicherry Pondicherry Pondicherry Arunachal Pradesh Assam Bihar Chhattisgarh Goa Gujarat Haryana Himachal Pradesh Jammu and Kashmir Jharkhand Karnataka Kerala Madhya Pradesh Maharashtra Manipur Meghalaya Mizoram Nagaland Odisha Punjab Rajasthan Sikkim Tamil Nadu Tripura Uttar Pradesh Uttarakhand West Bengal Afghanistan Bangladesh Bhutan Myanmar China Nepal Pakistan Sri Lanka Tajikistan Dadra and Nagar Haveli Daman and Diu Pondicherry Pondicherry Pondicherry Pondicherry Goa Gujarat Jammu and Kashmir Karnataka Kerala Madhya Pradesh Maharashtra Rajasthan Tamil Nadu Assam Meghalaya Andhra Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh Nagaland Manipur Mizoram Telangana Tripura West Bengal Sikkim Bhutan Bangladesh Bihar Jharkhand Odisha Chhattisgarh Uttar Pradesh Uttarakhand Nepal Delhi Haryana Punjab Himachal Pradesh Chandigarh Pakistan Sri Lanka Sri Lanka Sri Lanka Sri Lanka Sri Lanka Sri Lanka Sri Lanka Sri Lanka Sri Lanka Disputed territory in Jammu and Kashmir Disputed territory in Jammu and Kashmir
A clickable map of the 29 states and 7 union territories of India
Category Federated state
Location Republic of India
Number 29 States
7 Union territories
Populations States: 607,688 Sikkim – 199,581,477 Uttar Pradesh
Union Territories: 64,429 Lakshadweep – 11,007,835 National Capital Territory
Areas States: 3,700 km2 (1,429 sq mi) Goa – 342,269 km2 (132,151 sq mi) Rajasthan
Union territories: 31 km2 (12 sq mi) Lakshadweep – 8,070 km2 (3,117 sq mi) Andaman and Nicobar Islands
Government State government, Union Government (Union territories)
Subdivisions District, Divisions

India is a federal union of states comprising twenty-nine states and seven union territories. The states and union territories are further subdivided into districts and further into smaller administrative divisions.

Responsibilities and authorities

The Constitution of India distributes the sovereign powers exercisable with respect to the territory of any State between the Union and that State. "Article 73 broadly stated, provides that the executive power of the Union shall extend to the matters with respect to which Parliament has power to make laws. Article 162 similarly provides that the executive power of a State shall extend to the matters with respect to which the Legislature of a State has power to make laws. The Supreme Court has reiterated this position when it ruled in the Ramanaiah case that the executive power of the Union or of the State broadly speaking, is coextensive and coterminous with its respective legislative power." (italics in original)[1]

History

Administrative division of India in 1951

Pre-Independence

The Indian Subcontinent has been ruled by many different ethnic groups throughout its history, each instituting their own policies of administrative division in the region.[2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] During the British Raj, the original administrative structure was mostly kept, and India was divided into provinces (also called Presidencies) that were directly governed by the British and princely states which were nominally controlled by a local prince or raja loyal to the British Empire, who held de facto sovereignty (suzerainty) over the princely states.

1947-56

Between 1947 and 1950, the territories of the princely states were politically integrated into the Indian Union. Most were merged into existing provinces; others were organised into new provinces, such as Rajputana, Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Bharat, and Vindhya Pradesh, made up of multiple princely states; a few, including Mysore, Hyderabad, Bhopal, and Bilaspur, became separate provinces. The Government of India Act 1935 remained the constitutional law of India pending adoption of a new Constitution.

The new Constitution of India, which came into force on 26 January 1950, made India a sovereign democratic republic. The new republic was also declared to be a "Union of States".[12] The constitution of 1950 distinguished between three main types of states:

The sole Part D state was the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, which were administered by a lieutenant governor appointed by the central government.

Post-1956

Several new states and union territories have been created out of existing states since 1956. Bombay State was split into the linguistic states of Gujarat and Maharashtra on 1 May 1960[13] by the Bombay Reorganisation Act. Nagaland was made a state on 1 December 1963.[14] The Punjab Reorganisation Act of 1966 divided the Punjab along linguistic lines, creating a new Hindi-speaking state of Haryana on 1 November,[15] transferring the northern districts of Punjab to Himachal Pradesh, and designating Chandigarh, the shared capital of Punjab and Haryana, a union territory.[16]

Statehood was conferred upon Himachal Pradesh[17] on 25 January 1971, Manipur, Meghalaya and Tripura[18] on 21 January 1972. The Kingdom of Sikkim joined the Indian Union as a state on 26 April 1975. In 1987, Arunachal Pradesh and Mizoram became states on 20 February, followed by Goa on 30 May, while Goa's northern exclaves of Daman and Diu became a separate union territory.[19]

In 2000 three new states were created; Chhattisgarh (1 November 2000) was created out of eastern Madhya Pradesh,[20] Uttaranchal (9 November 2000), which was renamed Uttarakhand in 2007,[21] was created out of the Hilly regions of northwest Uttar Pradesh,[22] and Jharkhand (15 November 2000) was created out of the southern districts of Bihar.[23]

In 2014, the new state of Telangana was carved out from the North-Western regions of the state of Andhra Pradesh. Hyderabad became the joint capital of the two states for the period not exceeding 10 years.

Current proposals

See List of proposed states and territories of India

List of states and union territories

States

Map Name ISO 3166-2 code[24][25] Date of formation Population Area
(km2)
Official
language(s)[26]
Administrative
capital
Largest city
(if not the capital)
Population density
(per km2)
Literacy Rate (%) % of total population that is urban
1 Andhra Pradesh AP 1953 Oct 1
(as Andhra State)
49,506,799 160,205 Telugu HyderabadNote 1 Visakhapatnam 308 67.41%[27] 29.6
2 Arunachal Pradesh AR 1987 Feb 20 1,382,611 83,743 English Itanagar 17 66.95 20.8
3 Assam AS 1912 Apr 1
(as Assam Province)
31,169,272 78,550 Assamese, Bengali, Bodo Dispur Guwahati 397 73.18 12.9
4 Bihar BR 1936 Apr 1 103,804,637 99,200 Hindi, Urdu Patna 1,102 63.82 10.5
5 Chhattisgarh CT 2000 Nov 1 25,540,196 135,194 Chattisgarhi, Hindi Naya Raipur Raipur 189 71.04 20.1
6 Goa GA 1987 May 30 1,457,723 3,702 Konkani Panaji 394 87.40 62.2
7 Gujarat GJ 1960 May 1 60,383,628 196,024 Gujarati Gandhinagar Ahmedabad 308 79.31 37.4
8 Haryana HR 1966 Nov 1 25,353,081 44,212 Hindi, Punjabi Chandigarh
(shared, Union Territory)
Faridabad 573 76.64 28.9
9 Himachal Pradesh HP 1971 Jan 25 6,856,509 55,673 Hindi Shimla 123 83.78 9.8
10 Jammu and Kashmir JK 1947 Oct 26 12,548,926 222,236 Dogri, Kashmiri, Ladakhi, Urdu[28] Srinagar (summer)
Jammu (winter)
124 68.74 24.8
11 Jharkhand JH 2000 Nov 15 32,966,238 74,677 Hindi Ranchi Jamshedpur 414 67.63 22.2
12 Karnataka KA 1956 Nov 1 61,130,704 191,791 Kannada Bengaluru 319 75.60 34.0
13 Kerala KL 1956 Nov 1 33,387,677 38,863 Malayalam Thiruvananthapuram 859 93.91 26.0
14 Madhya Pradesh MP 1947 Aug 15 72,597,565 308,252 Hindi Bhopal Indore 236 70.63 26.5
15 Maharashtra MH 1960 May 1 112,372,972 307,713 Marathi Mumbai 365 82.91 42.4
16 Manipur MN 1972 Jan 21 2,721,756 22,347 Manipuri Imphal 122 79.85 25.1
17 Meghalaya ML 1972 Jan 21 2,964,007 22,720 English, Garo, Hindi, Khasi, Pnar Shillong 132 75.48 19.6
18 Mizoram MZ 1987 Feb 20 1,091,014 21,081 Mizo Aizawl 52 91.58 49.6
19 Nagaland NL 1963 Dec 1 1,980,602 16,579 English Kohima Dimapur 119 80.11 17.2
20 Odisha OR 1936 Apr 1[29]
(as Orissa Province)
41,947,358 155,820 Odia Bhubaneswar 269 73.45 15.0
21 Punjab PB 1947 Aug 15
(as East Punjab)
27,704,236 50,362 Punjabi Chandigarh
(shared, Union Territory)
Ludhiana 550 76.68 33.9
22 Rajasthan RJ 1950 Jan 26 68,621,012 342,269 Rajasthani, Hindi Jaipur 201 67.06 23.4
23 Sikkim SK 1975 May 16 607,688 7,096 Nepali, Bhutia, Gurung, Lepcha, Limbu, Manggar, Newari, Sherpa, Sunwar, Tamang Gangtok 86 82.20 11.1
24 Tamil Nadu TN 1950 Jan 26
(as Madras State)
72,138,958 130,058 Tamil Chennai 480 80.33 44.0
25 Telangana TG 2014 Jun 2 35,193,978[30] 114,840[30] Telugu, Urdu HyderabadNote 1 307 [31] 66.50% [31] N/A
26 Tripura TR 1972 Jan 21 3,671,032 10,492 Bengali, Tripuri Agartala 350 87.75 17.1
27 Uttar Pradesh UP 1902 Mar 22
(as United Provinces of Agra and Oudh)
199,581,477 243,286 Hindi, Urdu[32] Lucknow Kanpur 828 69.72 20.8
28 Uttarakhand UT 2000 Nov 9 (as Uttaranchal) 10,116,752 53,483 Hindi, Sanskrit Dehradun (interim) 189 79.63 25.7
29 West Bengal WB 1947 Aug 15 91,347,736 88,752 Bengali, English Kolkata 1,029 77.08 28.0

Union territories

Map Name ISO 3166-2 code[24][25] Population Official
language[26]
Capital Population density
(per km2)
Literacy Rate(%) % of Total Population that is Urban
A Andaman and Nicobar Islands AN 379,944 English, Hindi Port Blair 46 86.27 32.6
B Chandigarh CH 1,054,686 English, Hindi, Punjabi Chandigarh 9,252 86.43 89.8
C Dadra and Nagar Haveli DN 342,853 English, Gujarati, Hindi, Marathi Silvassa 698 77.65 22.9
D Daman and Diu DD 242,911 English, Gujarati, Hindi, Marathi Daman 2,169 87.07 36.2
E Lakshadweep LD 64,429 English, Malayalam Kavaratti 2,013 92.28 44.5
F National Capital Territory of Delhi DL 11,007,835 Hindi, English, Punjabi, Urdu New Delhi 11,297 86.34 93.2
G Puducherry PY 1,244,464 Malayalam, Tamil, English, Telugu[37][lower-alpha 1] Pondicherry 2,598 86.55 66.6

See also

Notes

References

  1. Territoriality of executive powers of states in India, Balwant Singh Malik, Constitutional Law, 1998
  2. Krishna Reddy (2003). Indian History. New Delhi: Tata McGraw Hill. ISBN 0-07-048369-8.
  3. Ramesh Chandra Majumdar (1977). Ancient India. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers. ISBN 81-208-0436-8.
  4. Romila Thapar. A History of India: Part 1.
  5. G. Bongard-Levin. A History of India: Volume 1.
  6. Gupta Dynasty - MSN Encarta. Archived from the original on 31 October 2009.
  7. "India - Historical Setting - The Classical Age - Gupta and Harsha". Historymedren.about.com. 2 November 2009. Retrieved 16 May 2010.
  8. Nilakanta Sastri, K.A. (2002) [1955]. A history of South India from prehistoric times to the fall of Vijayanagar. New Delhi: Indian Branch, Oxford University Press. p. 239. ISBN 0-19-560686-8.
  9. Chandra, Satish. Medieval India: From Sultanate To The Mughals. p. 202.
  10. "Regional states, c. 1700–1850". Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
  11. Grewal, J. S. (1990). "Chapter 6: The Sikh empire (1799–1849)". The Sikh empire (1799–1849). The New Cambridge History of India. The Sikhs of the Punjab. Cambridge University Press.
  12. "Article 1". Constitution of India.
  13. J.C. Aggarwal and S.P. Agrawal, editors, Uttarakhand: Past, Present, and Future (New Delhi: Concept Publishing, 1995), p89-90
  14. Nagaland History & Geography-Source india.gov.in
  15. The Punjab Reorganisation Act 1966 Archived 4 July 2010 at the Wayback Machine
  16. "State map of India". Travel India guide. Retrieved 17 June 2013.
  17. "Himachal Pradesh Tenth Five Year Plan" (PDF). Retrieved 17 June 2013.
  18. Snapshot of North Eastern States
  19. Goa Chronology
  20. "Chhattisgarh state - History". Cg.gov.in. 19 December 1979. Retrieved 17 June 2013.
  21. Chopra, Jasi Kiran (2 January 2007). "Uttaranchal is Uttarakhand, BJP cries foul". TNN. The Time of India. Retrieved 22 January 2013.
  22. "About Us: Uttarakhand Government Portal, India". Uk.gov.in. 9 November 2000. Retrieved 17 June 2013.
  23. "Official Website of Government of Jharkhand". Jharkhand.gov.in. Retrieved 17 June 2013.
  24. 1 2 "ISO Online Browsing Platform". ISO. Retrieved 4 November 2014.
  25. 1 2 "Code List: 3229". UN/EDIFACT. GEFEG. Retrieved 25 December 2012.
  26. 1 2 "Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 50th report (July 2012 to June 2013)" (pdf). Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India. Retrieved 14 January 2015.
  27. "Literacy of AP (Census 2011)" (pdf). AP govt. portal. p. 43. Retrieved 11 June 2014.
  28. "Official and Regional Languages of India". Mapsofindia.com. Retrieved 17 June 2013.
  29. "Provinces of British India". Retrieved 24 December 2015.
  30. 1 2 "Telangana State Profile" (PDF). Telangana government portal. p. 34. Retrieved 11 June 2014.
  31. 1 2 "Population of Telangana" (pdf). Telangana government portal. p. 34. Retrieved 11 June 2014.
  32. "Uttar Pradesh Legislature". Uplegassembly.nic.in. Retrieved 17 June 2013.
  33. "Bifurcated into Telangana State and residual Andhra Pradesh State". The Times Of India. 2 June 2014.
  34. "The Gazette of India : The Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act, 2014" (PDF). Ministry of Law and Justice. Government of India. 1 March 2014. Retrieved 23 April 2014.
  35. "The Gazette of India : The Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act, 2014 Sub-section" (PDF). 4 March 2014. Retrieved 23 April 2014.
  36. Sanchari Bhattacharya (June 1, 2014). Andhra Pradesh Minus Telangana: 10 Facts "Andhra Pradesh Minus Telangana: 10 Facts" Check |url= value (help). NDTV.
  37. http://sabt.org.in/npmb-india/downloads/travel-info.pdf

External links

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