Stanislav of Lesnovo
| Stanislav of Lesnovo | |
|---|---|
 Second Lesnovian (Kovacevian) prolog from the time between years 1330 and 1340 | |
| Born | Станислав Лесновски |
| Other names | Станислав Граматик |
| Occupation | writer |
| Years active | 14th century |
Stanislav of Lesnovo or Stanislav Gramatik[1] (Serbian: Станислав Лесновски), a Serbian writer from 14th century. In many Bulgarian language sources Stanislav is referred as Bulgarian.[2] In Macedonian language publitations Stanislav is referred to as one of the most important Macedonian 14th-century writers.[3][4]
Life
Stanislav was a scribe in the monastery of Lesnovo. Judging from his secular name, he was not a monk but a layman. He was most probably from Štip, according to the inscription (I, Stanislav Gramatik of Štip) he left in the Church of St George in Gornji Kozjak.[5]
He lived and created his works in Serbian state under the rule of King Stefan Dečanski and his son Emperor Dušan, in the first half of the 14th century. He himself starts his book Oliver's Menologion (1342) with these words:
"By the will of the Father and the assistance of the Son and the intervention of the Holy Spirit this book was began and completed in the years and days of the most high and holy born King Stephan /Dušan/ when the entire province of Ovče Polje was under the rule of the great Jovan Oliver, in the district of Zletovo, in the place called Lesnovo (...)".[6]
In his Prologue (1330) he refers it was written in the time of "Most High King Stefan Uroš /Dečanski/" whom he praises and notes that he "came back /from Greece/ and took over the Kingdom of the entire Serbian land and Maritime, the lands by the Danube and those by Ovče Polje, not by force but by God's will. He invaded the Greek land and seized /many/ towns and killed the strong Bulgarian Tsar Michael /Šišman/".[7]
Stanislav is the most important representative of the monastic literary center established in the monastery of Lesnovo in this period. The monastery of Lesnovo was in this period in the stage of renovation. As a crown of this process it was completely rebuilt by Jovan Oliver in 1341. We know for sure that Stanislav worked in Lesnovo for at least twelve years.[8] According to some authors, Stanislav continued his work in Marko's Monastery where a monk of the same name was mentioned in 1353.[9]
Work
Together with his pupils, Stanislav of Lesnovo edited and transcribed a Prologue (1330) which comprises also a short hagiography of Saint Gavrilo of Lesnovo (today in Belgrade), Oliver's Menologion (Oliverov minej, 1342) with the Service of St Gavrilo of Lesnovo, for which he also painted illustrations by hand (this book, as several others were lost in 1915 during the retreat of the Serbian army). He is also ascribed as the author of two more menologions of which one is lost and the other is kept in Sofia. Basing his work on earlier examples Stanislav created the first hagiography of the patron saint of his monastery, skilfully combining realism, fantasy and symbolism.[10]
References
- ↑ Todić, Branislav (1988). Gračanica--slikarstvo. Prosveta. p. 75.
- ↑ Габеров, Иван (1999). Български енциклопедичен речник: 75 000 статии от познанието : А-Я. Gaberoff. p. 1028.
- ↑ Поп-Атанасов, Ѓорги (2004). Речник на старата македонска литература. Менора. p. 270.
- ↑ Literaturen zbor. 2003. p. 50.
- ↑ S. Gabeljić, Manastir Lesnovo, Beograd 1999, p. 27
- ↑ Kiril Petkov, The Voices of Medieval Bulgaria, Seventh-Fifteenth Century: The Records of a Bygone Culture, Leiden ; Boston : Brill, 2008, p. 448
- ↑ Kiril Petkov, The Voices of Medieval Bulgaria, Seventh-Fifteenth Century: The Records of a Bygone Culture, Leiden ; Boston : Brill, 2008, p. 510
- ↑ S. Gabeljić, Manastir Lesnovo, Beograd 1999, p. 27
- ↑ http://www.enciklopedija.hr/Natuknica.aspx?ID=57785
- ↑ http://www.enciklopedija.hr/Natuknica.aspx?ID=57785