Standard enthalpy change of formation (data table)

These tables include heat of formation data gathered from a variety of sources, including the primary and secondary literature, as well as the NIST Chemistry WebBook. Note that the table for Alkanes contains Δ_fH ^o values in kcal/mol (1 kcal/mol = 4.184 kJ/mol), and the table for Miscellaneous Compounds and Elements contains these values in kJ/mol.

Hydrocarbons

Formula	Name	Chemical Formula	Δ_fH ^o (kcal/mol)	CAS registry number	Δ_fH ^o (kJ/mol)

H₂	Hydrogen	[H][H]	0.0	001333-74-0	0.0
CH₄	Methane	C	-17.9	000074-82-8	-74.9
C₂H₆	Ethane	CC	-20.0	000074-84-0	-83.7
C₂H₂	Acetylene	CC	54.2	000074-86-2	226.8
C₃H₈	n-Propane	CCC	-25.0	000074-98-6	-104.6
C₄H₁₀	n-Butane	CCCC	-30.0	000106-97-8	-125.5
C₅H₁₂	n-Pentane	CCCCC	-35.1	000109-66-0	-146.9
C₆H₁₄	n-Hexane	CCCCCC	-40.0	000110-54-3	-167.4
C₇H₁₆	n-Heptane	CCCCCCC	-44.9	000142-82-5	-187.9
C₈H₁₈	n-Octane	CCCCCCCC	-49.8	000111-65-9	-208.4
C₉H₂₀	n-Nonane	CCCCCCCCC	-54.8	000111-84-2	-229.3
C₁₀H₂₂	n-Decane	CCCCCCCCCC	-59.6	000124-18-5	-249.4

C₄H₁₀	Isobutane (methylpropane)	CC(C)C	-32.1	000075-28-5	-134.3

C₅H₁₂	Neopentane (dimethylpropane)	CC(C)(C)C	-40.1	000463-82-1	-167.8
C₅H₁₂	Isopentane (methylbutane)	CCC(C)C	-36.9	000078-78-4	-154.4

C₆H₁₄	2,2-Dimethylbutane	CCC(C)(C)C	-44.5	000075-83-2	-186.2
C₆H₁₄	2,3-Dimethylbutane	CC(C)C(C)C	-42.5	000079-29-8	-177.8
C₆H₁₄	2-Methylpentane (isohexane)	CCCC(C)C	-41.8	000107-83-5	-174.9
C₆H₁₄	3-Methylpentane	CCC(C)CC	-41.1	000096-14-0	-172.0

C₇H₁₆	2,2-Dimethylpentane	CCCC(C)(C)C	-49.2	000590-35-2	-205.9
C₇H₁₆	2,2,3-Trimethylbutane	CC(C)C(C)(C)C	-49.0	000464-06-2	-205.0
C₇H₁₆	3,3-Dimethylpentane	CCC(C)(C)CC	-48.1	000562-49-2	-201.3
C₇H₁₆	2,3-Dimethylpentane	CCC(C)C(C)C	-47.3	000565-59-3	-197.9
C₇H₁₆	2,4-Dimethylpentane	CC(C)CC(C)C	-48.2	000108-08-7	-201.7
C₇H₁₆	2-Methylhexane	CCCCC(C)C	-46.5	000591-76-4	-194.6
C₇H₁₆	3-Methylhexane	CCCC(C)CC	-45.7	000589-34-4	-191.2
C₇H₁₆	3-ethylpentane	CCC(CC)CC	-45.3	000617-78-7	-189.5

C₈H₁₈	2,3-Dimethylhexane	CCCC(C)C(C)C	-55.1	000584-94-1	-230.5
C₈H₁₈	2,2,3,3-Tetramethylbutane	CC(C)(C)C(C)(C)C	-53.9	000594-82-1	-225.5
C₈H₁₈	2,2-Dimethylhexane	CCCCC(C)(C)C	-53.7	000590-73-8	-224.7
C₈H₁₈	2,2,4-Trimethylpentane (isooctane)	CC(C)CC(C)(C)C	-53.5	000540-84-1	-223.8
C₈H₁₈	2,5-Dimethylhexane	CC(C)CCC(C)C	-53.2	000592-13-2	-222.6
C₈H₁₈	2,2,3-Trimethylpentane	CCC(C)C(C)(C)C	-52.6	000564-02-3	-220.1
C₈H₁₈	3,3-Dimethylhexane	CCCC(C)(C)CC	-52.6	000563-16-6	-220.1
C₈H₁₈	2,4-Dimethylhexane	CCC(C)CC(C)C	-52.4	000589-43-5	-219.2
C₈H₁₈	2,3,4-Trimethylpentane	CC(C)C(C)C(C)C	-51.9	000565-75-3	-217.1
C₈H₁₈	2,3,3-Trimethylpentane	CCC(C)(C)C(C)C	-51.7	000560-21-4	-216.3
C₈H₁₈	2-Methylheptane	CCCCCC(C)C	-51.5	000592-27-8	-215.5
C₈H₁₈	3-Ethyl-3-Methylpentane	CCC(C)(CC)CC	-51.4	001067-08-9	-215.1
C₈H₁₈	3,4-Dimethylhexane	CCC(C)C(C)CC	-50.9	000583-48-2	-213.0
C₈H₁₈	3-Ethyl-2-Methylpentane	CCC(CC)C(C)C	-50.4	000609-26-7	-210.9

C₉H₂₀	2,2,4,4-Tetramethylpentane	CC(C)(C)CC(C)(C)C	-57.8	001070-87-7	-241.8
C₉H₂₀	2,2,3,3-Tetramethylpentane	CCC(C)(C)C(C)(C)C	-56.7	007154-79-2	-237.2
C₉H₂₀	2,2,3,4-Tetramethylpentane	CC(C)C(C)C(C)(C)C	-56.6	001186-53-4	-236.8
C₉H₂₀	2,3,3,4-Tetramethylpentane	CC(C)C(C)(C)C(C)C	-56.4	016747-38-9	-236.0
C₉H₂₀	3,3-Diethylpentane	CCC(CC)(CC)CC	-55.7	001067-20-5	-233.0

Miscellaneous Compounds

Thermochemical Properties of selected substances at 298 K and 1 atm.

Species	Phase(Matter)	Chemical Formula	Δ_fH ^o (kJ/mol)
Aluminium
Aluminium	Solid	Al	0
Aluminium chloride	Solid	AlCl₃	−705.63
Aluminium oxide	Solid	Al₂O₃	−1669.8
Aluminium hydroxide	Solid	Al(OH)₃	−1277
Aluminium sulphate	Solid	Al₂(SO₄)₃	−3440
Barium
Barium chloride	Solid	BaCl₂	−858.6
Barium carbonate	Solid	BaCO₃	−1213
Barium hydroxide	Solid	Ba(OH)₂	−944.7
Barium oxide	Solid	BaO	−548.1
Barium sulfate	Solid	BaSO₄	−1473.2
Beryllium
Beryllium	Solid	Be	0
Beryllium hydroxide	Solid	Be(OH)₂	−902.9999
Beryllium oxide	Solid	BeO	−609.4(25)
Boron
Boron trichloride	Solid	BCl₃	−402.96
Bromine
Bromine	Liquid	Br₂	0
Bromine	Liquid	Br⁻	−121
Bromine	Gas	Br	111.884
Bromine	Gas	Br₂	30.91
Bromine trifluoride	Gas	BrF₃	−255.60
Hydrobromic acid	Gas	HBr	−36.29
Cadmium
Cadmium	Solid	Cd	0
Cadmium oxide	Solid	CdO	−258
Cadmium hydroxide	Solid	Cd(OH)₂	−561
Cadmium sulfide	Solid	CdS	−162
Cadmium sulfate	Solid	CdSO₄	−935
Calcium
Calcium	Solid	Ca	0
Calcium	Gas	Ca	178.2
Calcium(II) ion	Gas	Ca²⁺	1925.90
Calcium carbide	Solid	CaC₂	−59.8
Calcium carbonate (Calcite)	Solid	CaCO₃	−1206.9
Calcium chloride	Solid	CaCl₂	−795.8
Calcium chloride	Aqueous	CaCl₂	−877.3
Calcium phosphate	Solid	Ca₃(PO₄)₂	−4132
Calcium fluoride	Solid	CaF₂	−1219.6
Calcium hydride	Solid	CaH₂	−186.2
Calcium hydroxide	Solid	Ca(OH)₂	−986.09
Calcium hydroxide	Aqueous	Ca(OH)₂	−1002.82
Calcium oxide	Solid	CaO	−635.09
Calcium sulfate	Solid	CaSO₄	−1434.52
Calcium sulfide	Solid	CaS	−482.4
Wollastonite	Solid	CaSiO₃	−1630
Carbon			Alkanes Above
Benzene	Liquid	C₆H₆	48.95
Benzoic acid	Solid	C₇H₆O₂	−385.2
Glucose	Solid	C₆H₁₂O₆	−1271
Carbon (Graphite)	Solid	C	0
Carbon (Diamond)	Solid	C	1.9
Carbon	Gas	C	716.67
Carbon dioxide	Gas	CO₂	−393.509
Carbon disulfide	Liquid	CS₂	89.41
Carbon disulfide	Gas	CS₂	116.7
Carbon monoxide	Gas	CO	−110.525
Carbon tetrachloride	Liquid	CCl₄	−135.4
Carbon tetrachloride	Gas	CCl₄	−95.98
Carbonyl chloride (Phosgene)	Gas	COCl₂	−218.8
Ethane	Gas	C₂H₆	−83.85
Ethanol	Liquid	C₂H₅OH	−277.0
Ethanol	Gas	C₂H₅OH	−235.3
Ethene	Gas	C₂H₄	52.3
Vinyl chloride	Solid	C₂H₃Cl	−94.12
Ethyne	Gas	C₂H₂	226.73
Methane	Gas	CH₄	−74.87
Methanol (methyl alcohol)	Liquid	CH₃OH	−238.4
Methanol (methyl alcohol)	Gas	CH₃OH	−201.0
Methyl linoleate (Biodiesel)	Gas	C₁₉H₃₄O₂	−356.3
Methyl trichloride (Chloroform)	Liquid	CHCl₃	−134.47
Methyl trichloride (Chloroform)	Gas	CHCl₃	−103.18
Propane	Gas	C₃H₈	−104.7
CO₂ (aq, unionized)	Aqueous	CO₂(aq)	−419.26
HCO₃		HCO₃	−689.93
Carbon trioxide		CO₃	−675.23
Cesium
Cesium	Solid	Cs	0
Cesium	Gas	Cs	76.50
Cesium	Liquid	Cs	2.09
Cesium(I) ion	Gas	Cs⁺	457.964
Cesium chloride	Solid	CsCl	−443.04
Chlorine
Monatomic chlorine	Gas	Cl	121.7
Chloride ion	Aqueous	Cl⁻	−167.2
Chlorine	Gas	Cl₂	0
Chromium
Chromium	Solid	Cr	0
Copper
Copper	Solid	Cu	0
Copper(II) oxide	Solid	CuO	−155.2
Fluorine
Fluorine	Gas	F₂	0
Hydrogen
Monatomic hydrogen	Gas	H	218
Hydrogen	Gas	H₂	0
Water	Gas	H₂O	−241.818
Water	Liquid	H₂O	−285.8
Hydrogen ion	Aqueous	H⁺	0
Hydroxide ion	Aqueous	OH⁻	−230
Hydrogen peroxide	Liquid	H₂O₂	−187.8
Phosphoric acid	Liquid	H₃PO₄	−1288
Hydrogen cyanide	Gas	HCN	130.5
Hydrogen bromide	Liquid	HBr	−36.3
Hydrogen chloride	Gas	HCl	−92.30
Hydrogen chloride	Aqueous	HCl	−167.2
Hydrogen fluoride	Gas	HF	−273.3
Hydrogen iodide	Gas	HI	26.5
Iodine
Iodine	Solid	I₂	0
Iodine	Gas	I₂	62.438
Iodine	Aqueous	I₂	23
Iodide ion	Aqueous	I⁻	−55
Iron
Iron	Solid	Fe	0
Iron carbide (Cementite)	Solid	Fe₃C	5.4
Iron(II) carbonate (Siderite)	Solid	FeCO₃	-750.6
Iron(III) chloride	Solid	FeCl₃	−399.4
Iron(II) oxide (Wüstite)	Solid	FeO	−272
Iron(II,III) oxide (Magnetite)	Solid	Fe₃O₄	−1118
Iron(III) oxide (Hematite)	Solid	Fe₂O₃	−824.2
Iron(II) sulfate	Solid	FeSO₄	−929
Iron(III) sulfate	Solid	Fe₂(SO₄)₃	−2583
Iron(II) sulfide	Solid	FeS	−102
Pyrite	Solid	FeS₂	−178
Lead
Lead	Solid	Pb	0
Lead dioxide	Solid	PbO₂	−277
Lead sulfide	Solid	PbS	−100
Lead sulfate	Solid	PbSO₄	−920
Lead(II) nitrate	Solid	Pb(NO₃)₂	−452
Lead(II) sulfate	Solid	PbSO₄	−920

Magnesium
Magnesium	Solid	Mg	0
Magnesium ion	Aqueous	Mg²⁺	−466.85
Magnesium carbonate	Solid	MgCO₃	−1095.797
Magnesium chloride	Solid	MgCl₂	−641.8
Magnesium hydroxide	Solid	Mg(OH)₂	−924.54
Magnesium hydroxide	Aqueous	Mg(OH)₂	−926.8
Magnesium oxide	Solid	MgO	−603.6
Magnesium sulfate	Solid	MgSO₄	−1278.2
Manganese
Manganese	Solid	Mn	0
Manganese(II) oxide	Solid	MnO	−384.9
Manganese(IV) oxide	Solid	MnO₂	−519.7
Manganese(III) oxide	Solid	Mn₂O₃	−971
Manganese(II,III) oxide	Solid	Mn₃O₄	−1387
Permanganate	Aqueous	MnO₄⁻	−543
Mercury
Mercury(II) oxide (red)	Solid	HgO	−90.83
Mercury sulfide (red, cinnabar)	Solid	HgS	−58.2
Nickel
Nitrogen
Ammonia	Aqueous	NH₃	−80.8
Ammonia	Gas	NH₃	−45.90
Ammonium chloride	Solid	NH₄Cl	−314.55
Nitrogen dioxide	Gas	NO₂	33.2
Nitrous oxide	Gas	N₂O	82.05
Nitric oxide	Gas	NO	90.29
Dinitrogen tetroxide	Gas	N₂O₄	9.16
Dinitrogen pentoxide	Solid	N₂O₅	−43.1
Dinitrogen pentoxide	Gas	N₂O₅	11.3
Oxygen
Monatomic oxygen	Gas	O	249
Oxygen	Gas	O₂	0
Ozone	Gas	O₃	143
Phosphorus
Phosphorus trichloride	Liquid	PCl₃	−319.7
Phosphorus trichloride	Gas	PCl₃	−278
Phosphorus pentachloride	Solid	PCl₅	−440
Potassium
Potassium bromide	Solid	KBr	−392.2
Potassium carbonate	Solid	K₂CO₃	−1150
Potassium chlorate	Solid	KClO₃	−391.4
Potassium chloride	Solid	KCl	−436.68
Potassium fluoride	Solid	KF	−562.6
Potassium oxide	Solid	K₂O	−363
Potassium perchlorate	Solid	KClO₄	−430.12
Silicon
Silicon	Gas	Si	368.2
Silicon carbide	Solid	SiC	−73.22
Silicon tetrachloride	Liquid	SiCl₄	−640.1
Silica (Quartz)	Solid	SiO₂	−910.86
Silver
Silver bromide	Solid	AgBr	−99.5
Silver chloride	Solid	AgCl	−127.01
Silver iodide	Solid	AgI	−62.4
Silver oxide	Solid	Ag₂O	−31.1
Silver sulfide	Solid	Ag₂S	−31.8
Sodium
Sodium carbonate	Solid	Na₂CO₃	−1130.77
Sodium chloride	Aqueous	NaCl	−407.27
Sodium chloride	Solid	NaCl	−411.12
Sodium chloride	Liquid	NaCl	−385.92
Sodium chloride	Gas	NaCl	−181.42
Sodium fluoride	Solid	NaF	−569.0
Sodium hydroxide	Aqueous	NaOH	−469.15
Sodium hydroxide	Solid	NaOH	−425.93
Sodium nitrate	Aqueous	NaNO₃	−446.2
Sodium nitrate	Solid	NaNO₃	−424.8
Sodium oxide	Solid	Na₂O	−414.2
Sulfur
Hydrogen sulfide	Gas	H₂S	−20.63
Sulfur dioxide	Gas	SO₂	−296.84
Sulfur trioxide	Gas	SO₃	−395.7
Sulfuric acid	Liquid	H₂SO₄	−814
Tin
Titanium
Titanium	Gas	Ti	468
Titanium tetrachloride	Gas	TiCl₄	−763.2
Titanium tetrachloride	Liquid	TiCl₄	−804.2
Titanium dioxide	Solid	TiO₂	−944.7
Zinc
Zinc	Gas	Zn	130.7
Zinc chloride	Solid	ZnCl₂	−415.1
Zinc oxide	Solid	ZnO	−348.0

References

NIST Chemistry WebBook
John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, and Gabriela C. Weaver. Chemistry and Chemical Reactivity, Sixth Edition. ISBN 0-534-99766-X.
David R. Lide, Henry V. Kehiaian. CRC Handbook of Thermophysical and Thermochemical Data. ISBN 978-0-8493-0197-1
Theodore L. Brown, H. Eugene LeMay, Jr., Bruce E. Bursten, Catherine J. Murphy. Chemistry: The Central Science, 11th edition. ISBN 0-13-600617-5
Cox, J. D., Wagman, D. D., and Medvedev, V. A., CODATA Key Values for Thermodynamics, Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, 1989
Chemistry: The Central Science, 10th Edition

External links

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