Nesterov
| Nesterov (English) Нестеров (Russian) | |
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| - Town[1] - | |
 Leningradskaya Street in Nesterov | |
.svg.png) Location of Kaliningrad Oblast in Russia | |
  Nesterov | |
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| Administrative status (as of November 2011) | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Kaliningrad Oblast[1] |
| Administrative district | Nesterovsky District[1] |
| Town of district significance | Nesterov[1] |
| Administrative center of | Nesterovsky District,[1] town of district significance of Nesterov[1] |
| Municipal status (as of July 2009) | |
| Municipal district | Nesterovsky Municipal District[2] |
| Urban settlement | Nesterovskoye Urban Settlement[2] |
| Administrative center of | Nesterovsky Municipal District,[2] Nesterovskoye Urban Settlement[2] |
| Statistics | |
| Population (2010 Census) | 4,595 inhabitants[3] |
| Time zone | USZ1 (UTC+02:00)[4] |
| First mentioned | 1539 |
| Town status since | 1722[5] |
| Previous names |
Stallupoenen/Stallupönen (until 1938), Ebenrode (until 1946) |
| Postal code(s)[6] | 238010 |
| Dialing code(s) | +7 40144 |
| Nesterov on Wikimedia Commons | |
Nesterov (Russian: Не́стеров), prior to 1938 known by its German name Stallupönen (Lithuanian: Stalupėnai; Polish: Stołupiany) and in 1938-1946 as Ebenrode, is a town and the administrative center of Nesterovsky District in Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia, located 140 kilometers (87 mi) east of Kaliningrad, the administrative center of the oblast, near the Russian-Lithuanian border on the railway connecting Kaliningrad Oblast with Moscow. Population: 4,595 (2010 Census);[3] 5,049 (2002 Census);[7] 4,826 (1989 Census).[8]
History
In the Middle Ages, the area in Old Prussia had been settled by the Nadruvian tribe of the Baltic Prussians. It was conquered by the Teutonic Knights in about 1276 and incorporated into the State of the Teutonic Order. From the 15th century onwards, the Knights largely resettled the lands with Samogitian and Lithuanian colonists.
The settlement itself was first mentioned as Stallupoenen, or Stallupönen, in 1539, named after a nearby river called Stalupė in Lithuanian. At that time, with the secularization of the Order's Prussian lands in 1525, Stallupönen had already become part of the Duchy of Prussia, a Polish fief which in 1618 was inherited by the Hohenzollern margraves of Brandenburg. Stallupönen then belonged to Brandenburg-Prussia and in 1701 became a part of the Kingdom of Prussia in 1701. King Frederick William I granted it town privileges in 1722.[5] Like other cities in East Prussia during the Seven Years' War between 1757 and 1762, it was occupied by the Russian forces. It was administered in the Province of East Prussia beginning in 1773. During the Prussian-led unification of Germany, Stallupönen became a part of the German Empire in 1871.
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In August 1914, the city and the surrounding area were a focal point of Battle of Stallupönen between Russian and Imperial German armies, an opening battle on the Eastern Front of World War I. It was occupied by the Russian army between August 18, 1914 and February 18, 1915.
Because of the Lithuanian minority living there, the Republic of Lithuania tried unsuccessfully to obtain the town from Germany after World War I. Because "Stallupönen" sounded too "un-German", the Nazi regime renamed the town Ebenrode in 1938.
The town was overrun by the Soviet Red Army during World War II on January 13, 1945. The region was transferred from Germany to the Russian SFSR in 1945 and made a part of Kaliningrad Oblast. In 1946, the town, whose German inhabitants largely evacuated or were expelled westward, was renamed Nesterov after Sergey Nesterov, a Soviet war hero who was killed in the vicinity.
Administrative and municipal status
Within the framework of administrative divisions, Nesterov serves as the administrative center of Nesterovsky District.[1] As an administrative division, it is incorporated within Nesterovsky District as the town of district significance of Nesterov.[1] As a municipal division, the town of district significance of Nesterov is incorporated within Nesterovsky Municipal District as Nesterovskoye Urban Settlement.[2]
Culture
Today Nesterov is one of the cultural centers of the Lithuanian minority in Russia.
Notable people
- Werner Gitt (born 1937), German engineer
- Felix Steiner (1896–1966), German officer who served in both World War I and World War II
- Klaus Theweleit (b. 1942), German sociologist and writer
- Walther Funk (1890–1960), German economist and Nazi official
- Oscar Werwath (1880–1948), German engineer and academic administrator
- Ulrich Woronowicz (1928–2011), German Evangelical pastor, theologian and social activist
References
Notes
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Resolution #640
- 1 2 3 4 5 Law #258
- 1 2 Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1" [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved June 29, 2012.
- ↑ Правительство Российской Федерации. Федеральный закон №107-ФЗ от 3 июня 2011 г. «Об исчислении времени», в ред. Федерального закона №248-ФЗ от 21 июля 2014 г. «О внесении изменений в Федеральный закон "Об исчислении времени"». Вступил в силу по истечении шестидесяти дней после дня официального опубликования (6 августа 2011 г.). Опубликован: "Российская газета", №120, 6 июня 2011 г. (Government of the Russian Federation. Federal Law #107-FZ of June 31, 2011 On Calculating Time, as amended by the Federal Law #248-FZ of July 21, 2014 On Amending Federal Law "On Calculating Time". Effective as of after sixty days following the day of the official publication.).
- 1 2 Энциклопедия Города России. Moscow: Большая Российская Энциклопедия. 2003. p. 295. ISBN 5-7107-7399-9.
- ↑ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (Russian)
- ↑ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек" [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian). Retrieved August 9, 2014.
- ↑ Demoscope Weekly (1989). "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров" [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. Retrieved August 9, 2014.
Sources
- Правительство Калининградской области. Постановление №640 от 30 августа 2011 г. «Об утверждении реестра объектов административно-территориального деления Калининградской области», в ред. Постановления №877 от 21 ноября 2011 г «О внесении изменения в Постановление Правительства Калининградской области от 30 августа 2011 г. №640». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Калининградская правда" (вкладыш "Официально"), №170, 15 сентября 2011 г. (Government of Kaliningrad Oblast. Resolution #640 of August 30, 2011 On the Adoption of the Registry of the Objects of the Administrative-Territorial Divisions of Kaliningrad Oblast, as amended by the Resolution #877 of November 21, 2011 On Amending the Resolution of the Government of Kaliningrad Oblast #640 of August 30, 2011. Effective as of the day of the official publication.).
- Калининградская областная Дума. Закон №258 от 30 июня 2008 г. «Об организации местного самоуправления на территории муниципального образования "Нестеровский городской округ"», в ред. Закона №370 от 1 июля 2009 г «О составе территорий муниципальных образований Калининградской области». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Калининградская правда", №124, 11 июля 2008 г. (Kaliningrad Oblast Duma. Law #258 of June 30, 2008 On the Organization of the Local Self-Government on the Territory of the Municipal Formation of "Nesterovsky Urban Okrug", as amended by the Law #370 of July 1, 2009 On the Composition of the Territories of the Municipal Formations of Kaliningrad Oblast. Effective as of the day of the official publication.).
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