Special education in the United Kingdom

'Special Educational Needs' is an umbrella term for an aspect of UK school education focusing on students primarily with learning difficulties and/or disability. In school documents, it is abbreviated to 'SEN' / 'SEND' – these abbreviations are also used in Commonwealth countries such as Australia and Singapore. It is also commonly interchanged with 'Inclusion' and 'Narrowing the Gap' as broad terminology. The term covers specific learning difficulties such as dyslexia and ADHD, pervasive disorders such as autism and physical disability such as visual impairment and hearing impairment.

SEN policy and provision is a devolved matter with each of the countries of the United Kingdom having separate systems under separate governments: the UK Government is responsible for education in England, the Scottish Government is responsible for education in Scotland,^[1] the Welsh Government is responsible for education in Wales^[2] and the Northern Ireland Executive is responsible for education in Northern Ireland.

Across the UK school education systems, provision for SEN is widely varied with a 'mixed economy' of 'learning support' teams based in mainstream schools, specialist schools offering permanent placements and pupil referral units offering temporary placements for students subject to formal exclusion and requiring further assessment.

However, there are common practices found across the country. All schools are legally obliged to maintain an SEN Coordinator post or equivalent position. It is the only mandatory position other than the headteacher / principal position. There is also an SEN Code of Practice, updated in 2014, which provides legally-binding guidance on how provision should be shaped and maintained.

Key Guidance

Special Educational Needs and Disability Code of Practice: 0 - 25 years 2014

References

↑ The Scottish Government scotland.gov.uk, accessed 6 June 2009
↑ About wales.gov.uk, accessed 6 June 2009

External links

Education in England

Key Stages

Foundation Stage	Nursery Playgroup Reception

Key Stage 1	Year One Year Two

Key Stage 2	Year Three Year Four Year Five Year Six

Key Stage 3	Year Seven Year Eight Year Nine

Key Stage 4	Year Ten Year Eleven

Key Stage 5	Year Twelve Year Thirteen (Sixth form)

Schooling

Exams and qualifications

Regulation

Other

Common Entrance Examination
Schools (category)

Former

Education in Europe

Sovereign states	Albania Andorra Armenia Austria Azerbaijan Belarus Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Georgia Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Kazakhstan Latvia Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Macedonia Malta Moldova Monaco Montenegro Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania Russia San Marino Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom

States with limited recognition	Abkhazia Kosovo Nagorno-Karabakh Northern Cyprus South Ossetia Transnistria

Dependencies and other territories	Åland Faroe Islands Gibraltar Guernsey Jersey Isle of Man Svalbard

Former	Czechoslovakia East Germany Soviet Union Yugoslavia

Other entities	European Union

Literacy

Teaching literacy	Reading education in the USA Phonics Whole language Dick and Jane National Council of Teachers of English NCLB Family literacy Adolescent literacy

Defining literacy	Functional illiteracy Critical literacy

Literacy internationally	International Reading Association List of countries by literacy rate Literacy in India International Literacy Day List of Chinese administrative divisions by illiteracy rate

Major contributors to literacy	Frank Laubach Ruth Johnson Colvin Paulo Freire Griffith Jones Marie Clay James Paul Gee

Related concepts	Agricultural literacy Aliteracy Asemic writing Computer literacy Cultural literacy Data literacy Dyslexia Diaspora literacy Early literacy Ecological literacy Electracy Emergent literacy Emotional literacy Financial literacy Health literacy Information literacy Information and media literacy Literacy test Media consumption Media literacy Mental health literacy Mental literacy New literacies Numeracy Oracy Orality Oral literature Postliterate society Racial literacy Scientific literacy Statistical literacy Technological literacy Transliteracy Visual literacy Writing system

General
conditions

Speech and language impairments / communication disorders	Expressive language disorder Infantile speech Landau–Kleffner syndrome Language disorder Lisp Mixed receptive-expressive language disorder Specific language impairment Speech and language impairment Speech disorder Speech error Speech sound disorder Stammering Tip of the tongue

Scholastic skills/ learning disorder	Developmental dyslexia Dyscalculia Dysgraphia (Disorder of written expression)

Motor function	Developmental coordination disorder Developmental verbal dyspraxia also known as Childhood apraxia of speech

Other	Auditory processing disorder Scotopic sensitivity syndrome Sensory processing disorder

Related topics

Lists

Symptoms and signs: Speech and voice / Symptoms involving head and neck (R47–R49, 784)

Aphasias	Acute Aphasias Expressive aphasia Receptive aphasia Conduction aphasia Anomic aphasia Global aphasia Transcortical sensory aphasia Transcortical motor aphasia Mixed transcortical aphasia Progressive Aphasias Progressive nonfluent aphasia Semantic dementia Logopenic progressive aphasia Speech disturbances Speech disorder Developmental verbal dyspraxia/‎Apraxia of speech Auditory verbal agnosia Dysarthria Schizophasia Aprosodia/Dysprosody Specific language impairment Thought disorder Pressure of speech Derailment Clanging Circumstantiality

Communication disorders	Developmental dyslexia/Alexia Agnosia Astereognosis Prosopagnosia Visual agnosia Gerstmann syndrome Developmental coordination disorder/Apraxia Ideomotor apraxia Dyscalculia/Acalculia Agraphia

Voice disturbances	Dysphonia/Aphonia Bogart–Bacall syndrome

Nose	Post-nasal drip Epistaxis

Mouth	Orofacial pain Toothache Galvanic pain Barodontalgia Fremitus Tooth mobility Bruxism Trismus Ageusia Hypogeusia Dysgeusia Parageusia Hypergeusia Xerostomia Halitosis Drooling Hypersalivation

Neck	Neck mass Cervical lymphadenopathy

Other	Headache Auditory processing disorder Otalgia Velopharyngeal inadequacy Velopharyngeal insufficiency Hypersensitive gag reflex Jaw claudication

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Special education in the United Kingdom

See also

References

External links