Spatial reference system

Geodesy
Fundamentals
Geodesy Geodynamics Geomatics Cartography History
Concepts
Geographical distance Geoid Figure of the Earth Geodetic datum Geodesic Geographic coordinate system Horizontal position representation Latitude / Longitude Map projection Reference ellipsoid Satellite geodesy Spatial reference system
Technologies
Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Global Positioning System (GPS) GLONASS (Russian) BeiDou (BDS) (Chinese) Galileo (European) Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS)
Standards
ED50 European Datum 1950 SAD69 South American Datum 1969 GRS 80 Geodetic Reference System 1980 NAD83 North American Datum 1983 WGS84 World Geodetic System 1984 NAVD88 N. American Vertical Datum 1988 ETRS89 European Terrestrial Reference System 1989 GCJ-02 Chinese encrypted datum 2002 Spatial Reference System Identifier (SRID) Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM)
History
NGVD29 (Sea Level Datum 1929)

A spatial reference system (SRS) or coordinate reference system (CRS) is a coordinate-based local, regional or global system used to locate geographical entities. A spatial reference system defines a specific map projection, as well as transformations between different spatial reference systems. Spatial reference systems are defined by the OGC's Simple feature access using well-known text, and support has been implemented by several standards-based geographic information systems. Spatial reference systems can be referred to using a SRID integer, including EPSG codes defined by the International Association of Oil and Gas Producers.

Some systems are:

• Universal Transverse Mercator coordinate system
• British national grid reference system
• Hellenic Geodetic Reference System 1987
• Irish grid reference system
• Irish Transverse Mercator
• Israeli Transverse Mercator
• Israeli Cassini Soldner
• Jordan Transverse Mercator
• Lambert conformal conic projection
• International mapcode system
• Military grid reference system
• United States National Grid

It is specified in ISO 19111:2007 Geographic information—Spatial referencing by coordinates, also published as OGC Abstract Specification, Topic 2: Spatial referencing by coordinate.

See also

• Geodesy
• Geographic information system (GIS).
• List of National Coordinate Reference Systems

External links

• spatialreference.org – A website that defines spatial reference systems, in a variety of formats.