Spandau Synagogue
| Spandau Synagogue | |
|---|---|
|
Spandau Synagogue on the corner of Lindenufer and Kammerstraße, built in 1894–1895 and destroyed in 1938. The ruins were removed, probably in 1942.[1] | |
| Basic information | |
| Location | 12 Lindenufer[1] (corner of Lindenufer and Kammerstraße), Spandau, Berlin, Germany |
| Affiliation | Orthodox Judaism |
| Municipality | Spandau, Berlin |
| Year consecrated | 1895[2] |
| Status | Destroyed |
| Leadership | Rabbi Arthur Löwenstamm (from 1917 to 1938)[2] |
| Architect(s) | Cremer & Wolffenstein[1] |
| Completed | 1895 |
| Capacity | 296 seats[1] |
Spandau Synagogue ("Synagoge Spandau") was a synagogue at 12 Lindenufer[1] in the Old Town area of Spandau, Berlin, Germany. It was also known as Spandauer Vereinssynagoge[3] (i.e. Spandau private synagogue).
The synagogue was built in 1894–1895[1] and was destroyed on 9 November 1938 (Kristallnacht) when it was set on fire.[4][nb 1] The ruins were removed, probably in 1942.[1] The site is now marked by a memorial tablet, installed in 1988.[5]
The congregation maintained a Jewish cemetery, on Spandau's Neue Bergstrasse, which was closed in 1940.[2]
History
In 1844 there were only six Jewish families in Spandau. They held services in rented rooms.[2] Late in 1894 Berlin-based architects Wilhelm Albert Cremer and Richard Wolffenstein began the construction of the community's first and only synagogue, which was dedicated by the Spandau Jewish community on 15 September 1895[2] in the presence of Spandau's Mayor, Wilhelm Georg Koeltze (1852–1939), and other local dignatories. The building, on a street corner with facades on two sides, was crowned by an octagonal tower.[6]
On 6 December 1916 Arthur Löwenstamm became the synagogue's first permanent rabbi. He took up his duties on 1 April 1917 and continued until the autumn of 1938.
Memorials
Memorial commemorating the synagogue
At the initiative of the Spandau Borough Council, a memorial tablet was unveiled in 1988 on the site of the former synagogue.[5] On 9 November 2005 a memorial plaque was placed on the pavement, in front of Löwenstamm's former home at Feldstraße 11, in Spandau, [7] and close to a former Jewish old people's home which had been maintained by the synagogue.[2]
Memorial to the Jews from Spandau who were deported and murdered
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In a park opposite the site of the former synagogue there is a memorial, designed by Ruth Golan and Kay Zareh[8] and installed in 1988, to the Jews from Spandau who were deported and murdered by the Nazis.
The memorial symbolises a building and tower that have been violently torn down, with one now behind the other. Through the split tower an eternal light shines as a symbol of remembrance of the dead.[9]
In 2012, the memorial was extended by a wall on which the names of deported and murdered Jews from Spandau are recorded. This was also designed by Ruth Golan and Kay Zareh. The project was supported by the Evangelical Church of Spandau district, the district office of Spandau and private sponsors. The memorial was inaugurated on 9 November 2012, the 74th anniversary of Kristallnacht.
The German inscription on the memorial reads: "This memorial commemorates the suffering of Spandau's citizens of Jewish faith during the Terror of the National Socialists. Not far from this point, at Lindenufer 12, stood the Jewish house of worship, which was destroyed in 1938."
The memorial is located on Lindenufer (Altstadt Spandau) at ♁ 52 ° 32 '13 " N , 13 ° 12 '28 " E.
See also
Notes
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Mahnmal "Flammenwand" – Synagogen Berlins (Memorial "Wall of Flame" – Berlin's synagogues)". Edition Luisenstadt. 7 October 2009. Retrieved 9 April 2013.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Berlin – 12 Lindenufer / 7 Kammerstrasse (Spandau Locality)". Destroyed German synagogues and communities. Synagogue Memorial. Retrieved 15 December 2015.
- ↑ "Monument Spandauer Vereinssynagoge". TracesofWar.com. Retrieved 9 May 2014.
- ↑ Alois Kaulen and Joachim Pohl (1988). Juden in Spandau vom Mittelalter bis 1945. Berlin: Hentrich & Hentrich. pp. 108–109.
- 1 2 "Arthur Löwenstamm". German Wikipedia. Retrieved 1 April 2013.
- ↑ Harold Hammer-Schenk (1997). Synagogen, in Berlin und seine Bauten, Teil VI, Sakralbauten (Synagogues in Berlin and its Buildings, Part VI, Religious Buildings). Berlin: Ernst & Sohn. ISBN 3-433-01016-1.
- ↑ "Arthur Löwenstamm Ratibor/Oberschlesien 20.12.1882 – Manchester 22.4.1965". gedenktafeln-in-berlin.de. Retrieved 8 December 2015.
- ↑ Berlinische Galerie and The Senator for Construction and Housing (ed.) (1989). Gedenken und Denkmal / Entwürfe zur Erinnerung an die Deportation und Vernichtung der jüdischen Bevölkerung Berlins (Commemoration and Memorial / designs to commemorate the deportation and extermination of the Jewish population of Berlin). Catalogue of the exhibition (4 November 1988 to 8 January 1989) in the Berlinische Galerie. p. 83.
- ↑ Berlinische Galerie and The Senator for Construction and Housing (ed.) (1989). Gedenken und Denkmal / Entwürfe zur Erinnerung an die Deportation und Vernichtung der jüdischen Bevölkerung Berlins (Commemoration and Memorial / designs to commemorate the deportation and extermination of the Jewish population of Berlin). Catalogue of the exhibition (4 November 1988 to 8 January 1989) in the Berlinische Galerie. p. 28.
External links
Media related to Synagoge Spandau at Wikimedia Commons
Coordinates: 52°32′13″N 13°12′28″E / 52.53694°N 13.20778°E