Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope

Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope (HXMT) is a planned X-ray space observatory from China. The spacecraft is planned for launch in 2016.^[1] It will be China's first astronomy satellite.^[2] It is based on the JianBing 3 imagery reconnaissance satellite series platform.

The main scientific instrument is an array of 18 NaI(Tl)/CsI(na) slat-collimated "phoswich" scintillation detectors, collimated to 5.7°×1° overlapping fields of view.^[3] The main NaI detectors have an area of 286 cm² each, and cover the 20—200 keV energy range. Data analysis is planned to be by a direct algebraic method, "direct demodulation",^[4] which has shown promise in de-convolving the raw data into images while preserving excellent angular and energy resolution.

The project, a joint collaboration of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Tsinghua University, has been under development since 2000.

References

↑ SpaceDaily, "China unveils ambitious space projects", Xinhua, 23 August 2012
↑ SpaceDaily, "China Focus: Timeline for China's space research revealed", Xinhua, 4 September 2012
↑ HXMT.cn, Configuration (Hard X-ray telescope design) c.2004
↑ HXMT.cn, The direct demodulation method (Imaging by direct deconvolution) c.2004

External links

Official web site of HXMT(Eng.)

Chinese spacecraft

Earth observation	Fengyun HaiYang SMMS Tansuo-1 Ziyuan 3

Communication and engineering	Dong Fang Hong FH-1 APMT Asiasat Chinasat ChinaStar HKSTG Sinosat LGSP Tsinghua-1 OlympicSat

Data relay satellite system	Tianlian I Tianlian I-01 Tianlian I-02 Tianlian I-03 Tianlian II

Positioning	BeiDou-1 BeiDou-2

Astronomical observation	Double Star (joint with ESA) Dark Matter Particle Explorer (DAMPE) Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope (HXMT) Kuafu Space Solar Telescope (SST) Space Variable Objects Monitor (SVOM)

Lunar and planetary exploration	Moon: Chinese Lunar Exploration Program Chang'e 1 Chang'e 2 Chang'e 3 Yutu Chang'e 5-T1 Chang'e 4 Chang'e 5 Chang'e 6 Mars: Yinghuo-1 Asteroid: Chang'e 2

Future spacecraft in italics.

Chinese space program

Space programs	Beidou Navigation Satellite System Chinese anti-satellite missile test Chinese space station CBERS CLEP (Chang'e) Dark Matter Particle Explorer Dong Fang Hong Double Star Fanhui Shi Weixing Fengyun FT-1 Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope Kuafu Kuaizhou KZ-11 Long March Naga-1 Project 921-3 Shenzhou program Shuguang Space Solar Telescope Tiangong program Tianlian I Yaogan Yinghuo-1

Launch sites	Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center Wenchang Satellite Launch Center Xichang Satellite Launch Center

Scientists	Chen Qiufa Du Qinghua Hu Haichang Ma Xingrui Ouyang Ziyuan Qi Faren Qian Xuesen Sun Laiyan Wan Hu Wang Yongzhi Xu Dazhe Ye Peijian Zhao Jiuzhang Zhu Miaolong

Astronauts	Fei Junlong Jing Haipeng Liu Boming Liu Yang Liu Wang Nie Haisheng Yang Liwei Zhai Zhigang Zhang Xiaoguang Wang Yaping

China National Space Administration (CNSA)

Space observatories

Current	AGILE AMS-02 Astrosat CALET Chandra (AXAF) DAMPE Fermi Gaia Hinode (Solar-B) HiRISE Hisaki (SPRINT-A) Hitomi (Astro-H) Hubble INTEGRAL IBEX IRIS Kepler LISA Pathfinder MAXI MOST NEOSSat NuSTAR Odin PAMELA R/HESSI SDO SOHO SOLAR Spektr-R Spitzer Swift TUGSAT-1 & UniBRITE-1 WISE XMM-Newton

Planned	HXMT (2016) ISS-CREAM (2016) NICER (2016) CHEOPS (2017) Nano-JASMINE (2017) Spektr-RG (2017) TESS (2017) James Webb (JWST) (2018) K-EUSO (2019) Public Telescope (PST) (2019) iWF-MAXI (2019+) Astro-1 Telescope (2020) Euclid (2020) Spektr-UV (2021) SVOM (2021) Space Solar Telescope Solar-C (2023) PLATO (2024) ATHENA (2028) eLISA (2034)

Proposals	ATLAST DIOS EXCEDE Fresnel Imager FINESSE FOCAL HDST Hypertelescope LiteBIRD NEOCam New Worlds Mission NGHXT NRO donation to NASA Solar-D SPICA THEIA WFIRST EUSO

Completed	Akari (Astro-F) (2006–2011) ALEXIS (1993–2005) ATM (1973–1974) ASCA (Astro-D) (1993–2000) Astro-1 (BBXRT HUT) (1990) Astro-2 (HUT) (1995) Astron (1983–1989) ANS (1974–1976) BeppoSAX (1996–2003) CHIPSat (2003–2008) Compton (CGRO) (1991–2000) COROT (2006–2013) Cos-B (1975–1982) COBE (1989–1993) EPOCh (2008) EPOXI (2010) EXOSAT (1983–1986) EUVE (1992–2001) FUSE (1999–2007) Kvant-1 (1987–2001) GALEX (2003–2013) Gamma (1990–1992) Ginga (Astro-C) (1987–1991) Granat (1989–1998) Hakucho (CORSA-ｂ) (1979–1985) HALCA (MUSES-B) (1997–2005) HEAO-1 (1977–1979) Herschel (2009–2013) Hinotori (Astro-A) (1981–1991) HEAO-2 (Einstein Obs.) (1978–1982) HEAO-3 (1979–1981) HETE-2 (2000–2007?) Hipparcos (1989–1993) IUE (1978–1996) IRAS (1983) IRTS (1995–1996) ISO (1996–1998) IXAE (1996–2004) Kristall (1990–2001) LEGRI (1997–2002) MSX (1996–1997) OAO-2 (1968–1973) OAO-3 (Copernicus) (1972–1981) Orion 1/2 (1971/1973) Planck (2009–2013) RELIKT-1 (1983–1984) ROSAT (1990–1999) Rossi X-ray (RXTE) (1995–2012) SAMPEX (1992–2004) SAS-B (1972–1973) SAS-C (1975–1979) Suzaku (Astro-EII) (2005–2015) Taiyo (SRATS) (1975–1980) Tenma (Astro-B) (1983–1985) Uhuru (1970–1973) WMAP (2001–2010) 1st mission WISE (2009–2011) Yokoh (Solar-A) (1991–2001)

Lost	e.g. launch failures: OAO-1/OAO-B (1966/1970) CORSA (1976) ABRIXAS (1999) HETE (1996) WIRE (1999) Astro-E (2000)

Completed	hibernating after mission: SWAS (1998–2005) TRACE (1998–2010)

Cancelled	Astro-G Constellation-X Darwin Destiny EChO Eddington FAME GEMS IXO JDEM LOFT SIM & SIMlite SNAP TAUVEX TPF XEUS

See also	Great Observatories program List of space telescopes List of proposed space observatories

Category

Future spaceflights

Manned

2016	Soyuz TMA-20M (March) Soyuz MS-01 (May) Soyuz MS-02 (September) Soyuz MS-03 (November)

2017	Soyuz MS-04 (March) Soyuz MS-05 (May) Soyuz MS-06 (September) Soyuz MS-07 (November)

2018	Soyuz MS-08 (March) Soyuz MS-09 (September)

TBA	Shenzhou 11 (aiming at 2017) SpX-DM2 (April 2017) Boe-CFT (July 2017) Orion EM-2 (aiming at 2023) Orion EM-3 (aiming at 2026)

Unmanned

2016	ASNARO-2 Cygnus CRS Orb-5 (31 May) Cygnus CRS Orb-6 (10 March) Cygnus CRS Orb-7 (4 October) ERG ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter (March) Galileo FOCs GOES-R (October) Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope Himawari 9 Hispasat AG1 Kounotori 6 Nano-JASMINE Orbital Technologies Commercial Space Station OSIRIS-REx (September) RLV-TD (April) Sentinel-2B Sentinel-3A (16 February) Sentinel-5 Precursor SpaceX CRS-8 (February) SpaceX CRS-9 (March) SpaceX CRS-10 (June) SpaceX CRS-11 (August) SpaceX CRS-12 (December) Tiangong-2

2017	Aditya (2017–2018) ADM-Aeolus BepiColombo (January) Boe-OFT (April) Space Complex Alpha Chandrayaan-2 Chang'e 5 CHEOPS Cygnus CRS Orb-8E Cygnus CRS Orb-9E GCOM-C / SLATS GOSAT-2 / KhalifaSat ICESat-2 Kounotori 7 Kuafu Nauka (February) PRISMA SELENE-2 Spektr-RG TESS (August)

2018	Chang'e 4 Cygnus CRS Orb-10E EarthCARE ExoMars rover (May) James Webb Space Telescope (October) Kounotori 8 Orion EM-1 / Lunar Flashlight / NEA Scout (November) Solar Orbiter (October) Solar Probe Plus (31 July) Uzlovoy Module (Q3)

2019	DRTS-2 Kounotori 9 SLIM

2020+	AIDA (October 2020, July 2021) Chang'e 6 (2020) Euclid (2020) Hope (2020) Mars 2020 (2020) Spektr-UV (2021) MetOp-SG (2021–22) FLEX (2022) Jupiter Icy Moon Explorer (2022) Tiangong-3 (2022) Luna-Glob (2024) PLATO (2024) Venera-D (2024) Europa Multiple-Flyby Mission (2025) ATHENA (2028) LISA (2034)

Recently launched

Hitomi (17 February)

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