Soyuz TM-16

Operator

Rosaviakosmos

Mission duration

179 days, 43 minutes, 45 seconds

Orbits completed

~2,790

Spacecraft properties

Spacecraft type

Soyuz-TM

Manufacturer

NPO Energia

Launch mass

7,150 kilograms (15,760 lb)

Crew

Crew size

2 up
3 down

Members

Gennadi Manakov
Alexander Poleshchuk

Landing

Jean-Pierre Haigneré

Callsign

Вулка́н (Vulkan - Volcano)

Start of mission

Launch date

January 24, 1993, 05:58:05 UTC

Rocket

Soyuz-U2

End of mission

Landing date

July 22, 1993, 06:41:50 UTC

Landing site

140 kilometres (87 mi) S of Dzhezkazgan

Orbital parameters

Reference system

Geocentric

Regime

Low Earth

Perigee

393 kilometres (244 mi)

Apogee

394 kilometres (245 mi)

Inclination

51.6 degrees

Docking with Mir

Soyuz programme (Manned missions)
← Soyuz TM-15	Soyuz TM-17 →

The Soyuz-TM crew transports (T - транспортный - Transportnyi - meaning transport, M - модифицированный - Modifitsirovannyi- meaning modified) were fourth generation (1986–2002) Soyuz spacecraft used for ferry flights to the Mir and ISS space stations. It added to the Soyuz-T new docking and rendezvous, radio communications, emergency and integrated parachute/landing engine systems. The new Kurs rendezvous and docking system permitted the Soyuz-TM to maneuver independently of the station, without the station making "mirror image" maneuvers to match unwanted translations introduced by earlier models' aft-mounted attitude control.

Soyuz TM-16 was the sixteenth expedition to the Russian Space Station Mir.^[1]

Crew

Position	Launching crew	Landing crew
Commander	Gennadi Manakov Second spaceflight
Flight Engineer	Alexander Poleshchuk First spaceflight
Research Cosmonaut	None	Jean-Pierre Haigneré First spaceflight

Mission highlights

Soyuz TM-16 shown with the APAS-89 docking mechanism

APAS-89

16th expedition to Mir.

First Soyuz without a probe and drogue docking system since 1976. It carried an APAS-89 androgynous docking unit different from the APAS-75 unit used for ASTP in 1975, yet similar in general principles. Soyuz-TM 16 used it to dock with an androgynous docking port on the Kristall module. This was a test of the docking system in preparation for dockings by the Space Shuttles with Mir.

References

↑ The mission report is available here:http://www.spacefacts.de/mission/english/soyuz-TM-16.htm

Soyuz programme

Main topics

Uncrewed
missions

Soyuz 7K-OK	Kosmos 133 Kosmos 140 Kosmos 186 Kosmos 188 Kosmos 212 Kosmos 213 Kosmos 238 Soyuz 2

Soyuz 7K-L1/L1S (Zond lunar programme)	Kosmos 146 Kosmos 154 Zond 1967A Zond 1967B Zond 4 Zond 1968A Zond 1968B Zond 5 Zond 6 Zond 1969A Zond-M 1 Zond-M 2 Zond 7 Zond 8 Zond 9 Zond 10

Soyuz 7K-T	Kosmos 496 Kosmos 573 Kosmos 613 Kosmos 656 Soyuz 32 (uncrewed landing) Soyuz 34 (uncrewed launch)

Soyuz 7K-TM	Kosmos 638 Kosmos 672

Soyuz 7K-S	Kosmos 670 Kosmos 772 Kosmos 869

Soyuz 7K-T/A9	Soyuz 20

Soyuz-T ("Soyuz 7K-ST")	Kosmos 1001 Kosmos 1074 Soyuz T-1

Soyuz-TM ("Soyuz 7K-STM")	Soyuz TM-1

Crewed
missions

Past

Soyuz 7K-OK (1967–1970)	1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Soyuz 7K-OKS (1971)	10 11

Soyuz 7K-T (1973–1981)	12 13 14 15 17 18a 18 21 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 (crewed launch) 33 34 (crewed landing) 35 36 37 38 39 40

Soyuz 7K-TM (1974–1976)	16 19 22

Soyuz-T (1976–1986)	T-2 T-3 T-4 T-5 T-6 T-7 T-8 T-9 T-10-1 T-10 T-11 T-12 T-13 T-14 T-15

Soyuz-TM (1986–2003)	TM-2 TM-3 TM-4 TM-5 TM-6 TM-7 TM-8 TM-9 TM-10 TM-11 TM-12 TM-13 TM-14 TM-15 TM-16 TM-17 TM-18 TM-19 TM-20 TM-21 TM-22 TM-23 TM-24 TM-25 TM-26 TM-27 TM-28 TM-29 TM-30 TM-31 TM-32 TM-33 TM-34

Soyuz-TMA (2003–2012)	TMA-1 TMA-2 TMA-3 TMA-4 TMA-5 TMA-6 TMA-7 TMA-8 TMA-9 TMA-10 TMA-11 TMA-12 TMA-13 TMA-14 TMA-15 TMA-16 TMA-17 TMA-18 TMA-19 TMA-20 TMA-21 TMA-22

Soyuz-TMA-M (2010–2015)	TMA-01M TMA-02M TMA-03M TMA-04M TMA-05M TMA-06M TMA-07M TMA-08M TMA-09M TMA-10M TMA-11M TMA-12M TMA-13M TMA-14M TMA-15M TMA-16M TMA-17M

Current

Soyuz-TMA-M (2015)	TMA-18M TMA-19M

Planned

Soyuz-TMA-M (2015–2016)	TMA-20M

Soyuz-MS (2016– )	MS-01 MS-02 MS-03 MS-04 MS-05

Soyuz variants

Early programme	Sever Soyuz 7K Soyuz 9K Soyuz 11K Soyuz-VI Soyuz P Soyuz PPK Soyuz R Soyuz 7K-TK

7K series	Soyuz 7K-OK Soyuz 7K-L1 Soyuz 7K-LOK Soyuz 7K-TK Soyuz 7K-OKS Soyuz 7K-T Soyuz 7K-T/A9 Soyuz 7K-TM Soyuz 7K-MF6

Later series	Soyuz-S Soyuz-T Soyuz-TM Soyuz-TMA/Soyuz TMA-M Soyuz-MS

Progress	Progress 7K-TG Progress-M Progress-M1 Progress-M2 Progress-MS

Other derivatives	Aelita Gamma

Soviet and Russian government manned space programs

Active	Soyuz ISS (joint) Russian Orbital Segment

In development	Federatsiya OPSEK

Past	Vostok Voskhod Salyut Almaz (incorporated into Salyut program) / TKS Apollo-Soyuz Test Project (joint) Mir Shuttle-Mir programme (joint)

Cancelled	Zond (7K-L1) (Moon flyby) N1-L3 (Moon landing) LK-700 (alternate Moon landing) Zvezda (moonbase) TMK (Mars/Venus flyby) Spiral Zvezda Energia / Buran Zarya MAKS Kliper

List of Soviet manned space missions List of Russian manned space missions

Human spaceflights to Mir

Soyuz T-15 Soyuz TM-2 Soyuz TM-3 Soyuz TM-4 Soyuz TM-5 Soyuz TM-6 Soyuz TM-7 Soyuz TM-8 Soyuz TM-9 Soyuz TM-10 Soyuz TM-11 Soyuz TM-12 Soyuz TM-13 Soyuz TM-14 Soyuz TM-15 Soyuz TM-16 Soyuz TM-17 Soyuz TM-18 Soyuz TM-19 Soyuz TM-20 STS-63 Soyuz TM-21 STS-71 Soyuz TM-22 STS-74 Soyuz TM-23 STS-76 Soyuz TM-24 STS-79 STS-81 Soyuz TM-25 STS-84 Soyuz TM-26 STS-86 STS-89 Soyuz TM-27 STS-91 Soyuz TM-28 Soyuz TM-29 Soyuz TM-30

← 1992 · Orbital launches in 1993 · 1994 →

Kosmos 2230 \| Molniya 1-85 \| STS-54 (TDRS-6) \| Kosmos 2231 \| Soyuz TM-16 \| Kosmos 2232 \| USA-88 \| Kosmos 2233 \| SCD-1 · Orbcomm CDS-1 \| Kosmos 2234 · Kosmos 2235 · Kosmos 2236 \| Asuka \| Progress M-16 \| Gran' No.42L \| EKA-1 \| UFO F-1 \| Kosmos 2237 \| USA-90 · SEDS-1 \| Kosmos 2238 \| Progress M-17 \| Kosmos 2239 \| Kosmos 2240 \| Kosmos 2241 \| STS-56 (SPARTAN 201) \| Kosmos 2242 \| Molniya-3 No.57 \| ALEXIS · Orbcomm CDS-2 \| STS-55 \| Kosmos 2243 \| Kosmos 2244 \| Kosmos 2245 · Kosmos 2246 · Kosmos 2247 · Kosmos 2248 · Kosmos 2249 · Kosmos 2250 \| Astra 1C · Arsene \| USA-91 \| Resurs-F2 No.9 \| Progress M-18 \| Molniya-1T No.81 \| Gorizont No.39L \| Kosmos 2251 \| STS-57 \| Kosmos 2252 · Kosmos 2253 · Kosmos 2254 · Kosmos 2255 · Kosmos 2256 · Kosmos 2257 \| Galaxy 4 \| Resurs-F1 No.57 \| Radcal \| USA-92 · PMG \| Soyuz TM-17 \| Kosmos 2258 \| Kosmos 2259 \| USA-93 \| Kosmos 2260 \| Hispasat 1B · INSAT-2B \| Unnamed · Unnamed · Unnamed · SLDCOM-3 \| Molniya-3 No.58 \| NOAA-13 \| Kosmos 2261 \| Progress M-19 \| Resurs-F1 No.56 \| USA-94 \| Meteor-2 No.24 · Temisat \| USA-95 \| Kosmos 2262 \| STS-51 (ACTS · ORFEUS-SPAS) \| Kosmos 2263 \| Kosmos 2264 \| IRS-P1 \| SPOT-3 · Stella · Uribyol 2 · Itamsat · Eyesat-1 · PoSAT-1 · Healthsat 2 \| Gran' 41L \| Landsat 6 \| FSW-15 \| Progress M-20 \| STS-58 \| Intelsat 701 \| Kosmos 2265 \| USA-96 \| Gorizont No.40L \| Kosmos 2266 \| Kosmos 2267 \| Gorizont No.41L \| Solidaridad 2 · Meteosat 6 \| USA-97 \| STS-61 \| USA-98 \| Telstar 401 \| DirecTV-1 · Thaicom 1 \| Molniya 1-87

Payloads are separated by bullets ( · ), launches by pipes ( \| ). Manned flights are indicated in bold text. Uncatalogued launch failures are listed in italics. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are denoted in brackets.

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