Soviet assault on Maoka

South Sakhalin Operation

The Soviet assault on Maoka (Maoka Landing, Russian: Десант в порт Маока) was carried out at the port of Maoka (now Kholmsk), Southern Sakhalin during August 19-22, 1945 by the forces of the Soviet Northern Pacific Flotilla of the Pacific Fleet during the South Sakhalin Offensive of the Soviet–Japanese War at the end of World War II. It was the second amphibious assault on South Sakhalin, after the Soviet assault on Tōro (now Shakhtyorsk) on August 16. [1]

Assault

Japanese forces in the port and the city had two battalions of infantry, artillery and mortar units, and coast guard. All of them were subordinate to the commander of the 88th Infantry Division of the Fifth Area Army.

After a Soviet submarine and aviation reconnaissance on August 17, on August 19 an amphibious force of the 113th Rifle Brigade and a battalion of marines of total force of 3,400 moved out from Sovetskaya Gavan and landed at Maoka early morning on August 20. Due to heavy fog there was no aviation support, and instead the city was subject to heavy artillery bombardment from ships. Due to initial surprise the coastal facilities were quickly occupied, but later the Soviet troops, according to the Soviet sources, were met with fierce Japanese resistance.[2] However the Japanese side claims that their military tried to avoid engagement keeping defensive positions, busy with evacuation of equipment (described as "looting the city" in some Soviet sources ) and guiding the evacuation of about 18,000 civilians.[3]

Maoka in the 1940s
Men wearing kokumin-fuku were confused for military

After the success of the assault, during August 22-24 Soviet reinforcements arrived from Vladivostok and proceeded to clear the Japanese forces from Southern Sakhalin [1] According to refugees already evacuated from the area, Soviet forces carried out fierce naval bombardment and artillery strikes against Japanese installations in Maoka, Shikuka and civilians who were awaiting evacuation.[4] Nearly 1,000 civilians were killed in this attack.[4] Witnesses reported that to a high level of fatalities among civilians were caused by the confusion of European-style kokumin-fuku, men's approved civil attire, with military uniforms. [3]

A number of telephone operators of the city post office pledged not to evacuate and maintained contact with the city of Wakkanai on Hokkaido, as well as mainland Japan, until the moment that Soviet forces destroyed the telephone and postal installations in the city. On August 20, fearing that they would be raped by the invading Soviet troops, nine of the twelve female operators poisoned themselves. Three were saved by male colleagues' intervention. The survivors at the post office were treated well by the Soviets.[5] In Japan it is known as the Maoka post office incident. The city of Wakkanai has a memorial to these post office operators.[6]

On August 21 the weather permitted the operation of aviation, nevertheless the Japanese continued the resistance following the order to cover the evacuation.[2]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 David Glantz, The Soviet Strategic Offensive in Manchuria, 1945: 'August Storm', p 293
  2. 1 2 Chapter 13, "Освобождение Южного Сахалина" in: Захаров, С. Е., Багров В. Н., Бевз С. С., Захаров М. Н., Котухов М. П. "Краснознаменный Тихоокеанский флот", Moscow, Voenizdat, 1973
  3. 1 2 中山隆志 『一九四五年夏 最後の日ソ戦』 中央公論新社〈中公文庫〉、2001年。 (Takashi Nakayama, "Last day of summer 1945 Soviet war", Chuko Bunko , 2001, ISBN 4122038588), pp. 158-159.
  4. 1 2 Ealey, Mark (February 26, 2006). "An August Storm: the Soviet-Japan Endgame in the Pacific War". The Asia-Pacific Journal: Japan Focus. See: WorldCat Formats. Retrieved October 27, 2015. Details of the fate of the nine telephonists in Maoka can be found in Kawashima Yasuo’s “Kyuunin no Otome – Isshun no Natsu” (transl: Nine Young Women – A Moment in Summer) 2003, publ. by Kyobunsha, Sapporo. Description of the scene in Maoka on August 20, including eyewitness comment, can be found at: the original text in Japanese by JapanFocus.org.
  5. ↑ Murakawa, Miyuki The Japan Times Jan 12, 2015 Mourners mark WWII Sakhalin post office suicides Retrieved July 29, 2015
  6. ↑ p. 265
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