South of Heaven

South of Heaven
Studio album by Slayer
Released July 5, 1988 (1988-07-05)
Recorded December 1987–February 1988
Studio Hit City West, Los Angeles, California and Chung King, New York, New York
Genre Thrash metal
Length 36:54
Label Def Jam
Producer Slayer, Rick Rubin
Slayer chronology
Reign in Blood
(1986)		 South of Heaven
(1988)		 Seasons in the Abyss
(1990)

South of Heaven is the fourth studio album by American thrash metal band Slayer. Released on July 5, 1988, the album was the band's second collaboration with record producer Rick Rubin, whose production skills on Slayer's previous album Reign in Blood had helped the band's sound evolve.

South of Heaven was Slayer's second album to enter the Billboard 200, and its last to be released by Def Jam Recordings, although the album became an American Recordings album after Rick Rubin ended his partnership with Russell Simmons. It was one of only two Def Jam titles to be distributed by Geffen Records through Warner Bros. Records because of original distributor Columbia Records's refusal to release work by the band. The release peaked at number 57 and in 1992 was awarded a gold certification by the Recording Industry Association of America.

In order to offset the pace of the group's previous album, Slayer deliberately slowed down the album's tempo. In contrast to their previous albums, the band utilized undistorted guitars and toned-down vocals. While some critics praised this musical change, others—more accustomed to the style of earlier releases—were disappointed. Despite this, the songs "Mandatory Suicide" and the title track became permanent features of the band's live setlist.

Background

South of Heaven was recorded in Los Angeles, California with Reign in Blood producer Rick Rubin. PopMatters reviewer Adrien Begrand observed that Rubin's production "shoves [Dave] Lombardo's drumming right up front in the mix."[1] Guitarist Jeff Hanneman has since said that South of Heaven was the only album the band members discussed before writing the music. Aware that they "couldn't top Reign in Blood", and that whatever they recorded would be "compared to that album", he believed they "had to slow down", something Slayer had never done on albums before, or since.[2] Guitarist Kerry King cited the need to "keep people guessing" as another reason for the musical shift.[3] "In order to contrast the aggressive assault put forth on Reign in Blood, Slayer consciously slowed down the tempo of the album as a whole", according to Slayer's official biography. "They also added elements like undistorted guitars and toned-down vocal styles not heard on previous albums."[4]

King has since been critical of his performance, which he describes as his "most lackluster." King attributes this to the fact he had recently married, and moved to Phoenix, Arizona. Describing himself as "probably the odd man out at that point", he admitted he "didn’t participate as much because of that." Hanneman said: "We go through dry spells sometimes, but the good thing about having two guitar players that can write music is that you are never gonna go without. I guess at that time, Kerry was hitting a dry spell." King has also been critical of the album in general, describing it as one of his least favorite Slayer albums. He feels vocalist Tom Araya moved too far away from his regular vocal style, and "added too much singing."[2] Drummer Dave Lombardo has since observed: "There was fire on all the records, but it started dimming when South of Heaven came into the picture. And that's me personally. Again, I was probably wanting something else."[5]

Judas Priest's "Dissident Aggressor" is the only cover version to appear on a Slayer studio album. The song was chosen due to its war-themed lyrics. Hanneman described the track as "more just like one of those odd songs that a lot of people didn't know, but it was a favorite of Kerry and I, so we just picked that one."[6] Meanwhile, "Cleanse the Soul" has been heavily criticized by King who said that he hates the track: "That's one of the black marks in our history, in my book. I just fucking think it's horrible. [Laughs] I hate the opening riff. It's what we call a 'happy riff.' It's just like 'la-lala-la-la-la.' I can't see myself playing it, but after that, where it gets heavier, I like that section. If we ever did a medley, I'd put part of that in there."[7] The Slayer boxset Soundtrack to the Apocalypse featured, along with four songs of the album, an early version of the title track, recorded at Hanneman's home.[8]

Photography and illustration

Artist Larry Carroll and Illustrator Howard Schwartzberg designed the cover artwork for South of Heaven, having designed the artwork for Slayer's previous album Reign in Blood.[2] Photographer Glen E. Friedman took the promotional shot which surfaced as the back cover of South of Heaven around the time of 1986's Reign in Blood. Lombardo felt it made Slayer seem as though they "had matured a little bit", while Friedman himself deemed it "a really cool back cover" and "one of the most classic shots of them [Slayer] ever."[2]

Critical reception

Professional ratings
Review scores
SourceRating
AllMusic[9]
Robert ChristgauB–[10]
Rolling Stone[11]
Spin Alternative Record Guide(8/10)[12]
Metal Forces(8/10)[13]
Rock Hard(8.5/10)[14]

South of Heaven was released on July 5, 1988, and was the final Slayer album distributed via Def Jam Records. When label co-founders Russell Simmons and Rubin parted ways, Slayer signed to Rubin's newly founded Def American Recordings label.[9] The album peaked at number 57 on the Billboard 200 album chart,[15] and on November 20, 1992, became Slayer's second album to be certified gold in the United States.[16] South of Heaven was awarded silver certification in the United Kingdom on January 1, 1993, Slayer's first record to do so in that country.[17] Slayer's official biography states that "some critics praised the album as demonstrating Slayer's desire to grow musically and avoid repeating themselves."[4] Alex Henderson of AllMusic described the record as "disturbing and powerful,"[9] while Joe Matera of Ultimate Guitar deemed the album a slight departure; he wrote that while the pace was slowed down, it "didn't sacrifice any of the heaviness inherent in Slayer's music."[3]

Reviewing the 2003 Slayer box set Soundtrack to the Apocalypse, Adrien Begrand of PopMatters described the album as "their most underrated, and on this set, its five selections show how highly the band thinks of the record."[1] KNAC.com's Peter Atkinson was also positive, saying the album has a "grandiosity and imposing presence" which makes the record "so magnificent."[18] Grave's Ola Lindgren and Bolt Thrower's Karl Willetts both rate South of Heaven as amongst the top five albums of all time,[19][20] while Max Kolesne of Brazilian death metal group Krisiun remembers hearing the song "Silent Scream" for the first time: "It just blew me away. It was like fast double-bass, fast kicks during the whole song. That was very inspiring for me."[21] When discussing Slayer in an October 2007 interview, Evile frontman Matt Drake stated that while Reign in Blood "was just speed", South of Heaven proved that the group could write "slow material as well."[22] Metal Forces reviewer gives "the band credit for at least making an effort to try something new and not being afraid to experiment at such a crucial stage of their career", creating "one of the more original sounding thrash / speed metal albums he heard in a long while". He remarks, however, that "if you’re expecting to hear Reign in Blood Part Two, you’ll be in for a major disappointment".[13]

Kim Neely of Rolling Stone dismissed the album as "genuinely offensive satanic drivel."[11] Slayer's official biography states: "The new sounds disappointed some of the band's fans who were more accustomed to the style of earlier releases."[2] Michael Roberts of Westworld Online said this was due to some of the numbers moving "at the sludgier speed of Black Sabbath."[23] Araya commented that the "album was a late bloomer—it wasn't really received well, but it kind of grew on everybody later."[2]

Cover versions
Dissident Aggressor
Slayer covered Judas Priest's "Dissident Aggressor" due to its war themed lyrics, and being a favorite song of Slayer's two guitarists.[6]
Problems playing this file? See media help.

The title track and the song "Mandatory Suicide" have received various cover interpretations, particularly on Slayer tribute albums. Toni Ferguson recorded string quartet adaptations of both tracks on the album The String Quartet Tribute to Slayer: The Evil You Dread, with the former cover being described as having "menacing chord shifts" by AllMusic's Johnny Loftus.[24]

1995 Slayer tribute album Slatanic Slaughter featured three tracks which originally appeared on South of Heaven, with the title track, "Mandatory Suicide" and "Spill the Blood" interpreted by Cemetary, Crown of Thorns and Grope respectively.[25] Its 1998 follow up Slatanic Slaughter, Vol. 2 only featured two tracks originally from the album; namely "Silent Scream" arranged by Vader and "Read Between the Lies" interpreted by Anathema.[26] 1999's Straight to Hell: A Tribute to Slayer collected four Slayer renditions which originated on the album, with versions of South of Heaven performed by Abaddon (Venom) and Electric Hellfire Club, "Mandatory Suicide" cut by Chapter 7 and "Behind the Crooked Cross" adapted by Gigantor.[27] 2006 Argentine tribute album Al Sur Del Abismo (Tributo Argentino A Slayer) saw Nafak and Climatic Terra also respectively cover "South of Heaven" and "Mandatory Suicide".[28] Hatebreed covered the song "Ghosts of War" for their 2009 cover album For the Lions. They released a music video for it also. Korn has covered the title track at least twice live, once with Kid Rock on vocals and another using the intro to follow into one of their songs live.

The title track itself has also been covered by Integrity 2000,[29] Modest Mouse and Califone,[30] Pro-Pain,[31] and Universe Eye.[32] Polish death metal band Decapitated covered the song "Mandatory Suicide" on their first full-length album Winds of Creation. In 2003, "Silent Scream" was covered by Children of Bodom for their album Hate Crew Deathroll in his UK version.[33] Hardcore Punk band, The Mongoloids opened their set with the beginning of "South of Heaven" at Heartfest 7 on May 4, 2013

Live performances

Two songs taken from the album ("Mandatory Suicide" and "South of Heaven") have become near constant fixtures in the band's live setlist,[4] notching up appearances on the following: the live DVDs Live Intrusion,[34] War at the Warfield,[35] Still Reigning,[36] Soundtrack to the Apocalypse's deluxe edition's bonus live disc,[37] and the live double album Decade of Aggression.[38] Lombardo guested with Finnish cellist group Apocalyptica on a live medley of the two tracks at 1998's Headbanger's Heaven festival in the Netherlands.[39] Adrien Begrand of PopMatters described "South of Heaven" as "an unorthodox set opener in theory", noting "the song went over like a megaton bomb detonating the place: dozens of inverted crosses projected behind the high drum riser, the sinewy opening notes kicked in, followed by an overture of bass, cymbal crashes, and tom fills, leading up to the slowly building crescendo" in a concert review.[40] Lombardo remembers listening to a live rendition of "South of Heaven" and thinking "‘Man! There's just so much groove in that song.’ To my kids I was saying, ‘Listen to that! Listen to how groovy that is!’ And it's heavy."[5] A rare live version of the track featured on the JÄGERMUSIC Rarities 2004 promotional CD, given away to attendees at the Spring 2004 Jägermeister Music Tour.[41] A live rendition of "South of Heaven" was also included on a bonus DVD which came with the group's 2007 re-release of ninth studio album Christ Illusion, shot in Vancouver, British Columbia during 2006's Unholy Alliance tour.[42]

"Behind the Crooked Cross" is rarely played live as Hanneman hates the track, though King has always wanted to play it "because it's got a cool intro" despite it not being his favorite song. King said "that's fine" when speaking of the situation, noting "there are songs that he wants to play that I always shoot down."[2] "Ghosts of War" isn't King's favorite song either, which he attests "everybody always wants to hear" performed live. He confessed; "I like the ending, you know, I like the big heavy part and I always say, ‘Let's put the heavy ending at the end of "Chemical Warfare" and just do the last half.’ But I could never make that fly."[43]

Slayer has toyed with the idea of creating a live set mixed with selections from the album and 1990's Seasons in the Abyss, though Hanneman said it's something which hasn't been "seriously considered."[44] Metal Maniacs asked Slayer in a 2006 interview whether they would consider playing South of Heaven in the footsteps of the Still Reigning tour, to which Araya replied, "It's becoming a trendy thing now. I don't know. We have some really cool albums, but I don't think we'll ever do that again." King was equally unsure, commenting, "Probably not. And I just don't like enough songs off South of Heaven."[7]

Track listing

No. TitleLyricsMusic Length
1. "South of Heaven"  Tom ArayaJeff Hanneman 4:58
2. "Silent Scream"  ArayaHanneman, Kerry King 3:07
3. "Live Undead"  King, ArayaHanneman 3:50
4. "Behind the Crooked Cross"  HannemanHanneman 3:15
5. "Mandatory Suicide"  ArayaHanneman, King 4:05
6. "Ghosts of War"  KingHanneman, King 3:53
7. "Read Between the Lies"  King, ArayaHanneman 3:20
8. "Cleanse the Soul"  King, ArayaHanneman 3:02
9. "Dissident Aggressor" (Judas Priest cover)Rob HalfordK.K. Downing, Glenn Tipton 2:35
10. "Spill the Blood"  HannemanHanneman 4:48

Personnel

Slayer

Charts and certifications

Charts

Chart (1988) Peak
position
Dutch Albums (MegaCharts)[45] 31
German Albums (Offizielle Top 100)[46] 23
Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan)[47] 50
UK Albums (OCC)[48] 25
US Billboard 200[49] 57

Certifications

Region Certification Sales/shipments
Canada (Music Canada)[50] Gold 50,000^
United Kingdom (BPI)[51] Silver 120,000^
United States (RIAA)[52] Gold 500,000^

*sales figures based on certification alone
^shipments figures based on certification alone
xunspecified figures based on certification alone

References

  1. 1 2 Begrand, Adrien (January 23, 2004). "The Devil in Music". PopMatters. Retrieved March 17, 2007.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "An exclusive oral history of Slayer". Decibel Magazine. Archived from the original on August 13, 2006. Retrieved December 3, 2006.
  3. 1 2 Matera, Joe (August 4, 2006). "Slayer's Kerry King: The Art Of Writing Songs That Nobody Else Can Write". UltimateGuitar.com. Retrieved March 17, 2007.
  4. 1 2 3 "About". Slayer.net. Archived from the original on August 10, 2007. Retrieved March 17, 2007.
  5. 1 2 Baronas, Mike (August 9, 2006). "Dave Saves". GASPetc.com. Retrieved March 25, 2007.
  6. 1 2 Davis, Brian. "A Rare Interview With Slayer Shredder Hanneman, Gripping Firmly onto the Reigns of Metal". Knac.com. Retrieved March 17, 2007.
  7. 1 2 "Slayer's Tom Araya Wants To Sue Demiricous For Plagiarism". Blabbermouth.net. August 15, 2006. Retrieved March 17, 2007.
  8. ↑ "Slayer: 'Soundtrack To The Apocalypse' Track Listing Revealed!". Blabbermouth.net. October 22, 2003. Retrieved September 29, 2007.
  9. 1 2 3 Henderson, Alex. "South of Heaven". AllMusic. Retrieved March 17, 2007.
  10. ↑ Christgau, Robert. "CG: Slayer". Robert Christgau. Retrieved June 16, 2009.
  11. 1 2 Neely, Kim (October 6, 1988). "Slayer: South Of Heaven : Music Reviews". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on November 24, 2007. Retrieved November 30, 2012.
  12. ↑ Weisbard & Marks, 1995. p.358
  13. 1 2 Krgin, Borivoj (1988). "Slayer - South of Heaven". Metal Forces (28). Retrieved 2013-04-20.
  14. ↑ Trojan, Frank. "Rock Hard". issue 28. Retrieved 20 May 2013.
  15. ↑ "Slayer's album chart history". Billboard. Archived from the original on September 30, 2007. Retrieved March 21, 2007.
  16. ↑ "RIAA – Artist Slayer". Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved February 14, 2007.
  17. ↑ "BPI – Artist Slayer". British Phonographic Industry. Archived from the original on June 10, 2008. Retrieved December 13, 2007.
  18. ↑ Atkinson, Peter (July 24, 2006). "KNAC Review – Christ Illusion". KNAC.com. Retrieved May 29, 2007.
  19. ↑ "Top 5 Albums". Live 4 Metal. 2004. Archived from the original on April 27, 2006. Retrieved March 19, 2007.
  20. ↑ "Bolt Thrower". Nocturnal Horde. December 13, 2005. Retrieved March 25, 2007.
  21. ↑ "Krisiun". Metal Update. Retrieved March 17, 2007.
  22. ↑ Morgan, Anthony (October 2007). ""Armoured Assault" – Evile frontman Matt Drake hails gargantuan Thrash masterpiece Enter the Grave". Lucem Fero. Retrieved May 3, 2008.
  23. ↑ Roberts, Michael (August 2000). "Westworld Online interview with Kerry King". Slayersaves.com. Archived from the original on October 18, 2006. Retrieved December 20, 2007.
  24. ↑ Loftus, Johnny. "The String Quartet Tribute to Slayer: The Evil You – Review". Allmusic. Retrieved May 29, 2007.
  25. ↑ "Slatanic Slaughter". Allmusic. Retrieved March 26, 2007.
  26. ↑ "Slatanic Slaughter, Vol. 2". Allmusic. Retrieved June 3, 2007.
  27. ↑ Huey, Steve. "Straight to Hell: A Tribute to Slayer – Review". Allmusic. Retrieved March 26, 2007.
  28. ↑ "Slayer: Argentine Tribute Album Detailed". Blabbermouth.net. June 10, 2006. Retrieved March 26, 2007.
  29. ↑ "Project Re: Genesis". Allmusic. Retrieved March 26, 2007.
  30. ↑ "I Love Metal". Allmusic. Retrieved March 29, 2010.
  31. ↑ Rivadavia, Eduardo. "Run for Cover". Allmusic. Retrieved March 26, 2007.
  32. ↑ "Hell at Last: A Tribute to Slayer". Allmusic. Retrieved March 26, 2007.
  33. ↑ Serba, John. "Hate Crew Deathroll (Bonus Tracks) review". Allmusic. Macrovision. Retrieved March 14, 2009.
  34. ↑ "Live Intrusion". Allmusic. Retrieved March 20, 2007.
  35. ↑ Ruhlmann, William. "War at the Warfield". Allmusic. Retrieved March 20, 2007.
  36. ↑ "Still Reigning". Allmusic. Retrieved March 20, 2007.
  37. ↑ Jurek, Thom. "Soundtrack to the Apocalypse (Deluxe Edition)". Allmusic. Retrieved March 20, 2007.
  38. ↑ Rivadavia, Eduardo. "Decade of Aggression – Live". Allmusic. Retrieved March 20, 2007.
  39. ↑ "Apocalyptica Name New Album". Blabbermouth.net. November 28, 2004. Retrieved March 25, 2007.
  40. ↑ Begrand, Adrien (August 15, 2006). "Blood and Thunder: Postmortem". Popmatters.com. Retrieved March 25, 2007.
  41. ↑ "'Jagermusic Rarities 2004' Promotional CD To Include Cuts From Slayer, SLIPKNOT". Blabbermouth.net. March 5, 2004. Retrieved March 25, 2007.
  42. ↑ "Slayer: Video Interview With Jeff Hanneman Available". Blabbermouth.net. August 7, 2007. Retrieved September 26, 2007.
  43. ↑ Davis, Brian (November 10, 2004). "Exclusive! Interview With Slayer Guitarist Kerry King". Knac.com. Retrieved March 25, 2007.
  44. ↑ Lahtinen, Luxi (December 18, 2006). "Slayer – Jeff Hanneman". Metal-rules.com. Retrieved March 17, 2007.
  45. ↑ "Dutchcharts.nl – Slayer – South of Heaven" (in Dutch). Hung Medien.
  46. ↑ "Longplay-Chartverfolgung at Musicline" (in German). Musicline.de. Phononet GmbH.
  47. ↑ "Swedishcharts.com – Slayer – South of Heaven". Hung Medien.
  48. ↑ "Slayer | Artist | Official Charts". UK Albums Chart
  49. ↑ "Slayer – Chart history" Billboard 200 for Slayer.
  50. ↑ "Canadian album certifications – Slayer – South of Heaven". Music Canada.
  51. ↑ "British album certifications – Slayer – South of Heaven". British Phonographic Industry. Enter South of Heaven in the field Keywords. Select Title in the field Search by. Select album in the field By Format. Select Silver in the field By Award. Click Search
  52. ↑ "American album certifications – Slayer – South of Heaven". Recording Industry Association of America. If necessary, click Advanced, then click Format, then select Album, then click SEARCH

Bibliography

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