South End of Stamford

South End Historic District
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
U.S. Historic district
Atlantic Street in the South End with many elements of the neighborhood: empty lot, modest homes and businesses, Pitney Bowes modern office building and, in upper lefthand corner, the end of the defunct Yale & Towne factory building
Location	Roughly bounded by Metro-North Railroad tracks, Stamford Canal, Woodland Cemetery, and Washington Blvd., Stamford, Connecticut
Coordinates	41°2′47″N 73°32′27″W / 41.04639°N 73.54083°W / 41.04639; -73.54083Coordinates: 41°2′47″N 73°32′27″W / 41.04639°N 73.54083°W / 41.04639; -73.54083
Area	177.1 acres (71.7 ha)
Built	1868
Architect	Multiple
Architectural style	Colonial Revival, Late Victorian, Mixed (more than 2 styles from different periods)
NRHP Reference #	86000472[1]
Added to NRHP	March 19, 1986

The South End of Stamford, Connecticut is a rapidly growing neighborhood located at the southern end of the city, just south of the Downtown neighborhood. It is expected to be greatly changed with redevelopment over the next decade. The South End is a peninsula bordered by Interstate 95 to the north and almost totally by water on all other sides, with few streets linking it to neighborhoods to the east and west. It contains some industrial tracts, several old factory buildings, many small homes and apartment buildings, and a number of office buildings. Most of the neighborhood has been designated as the South End Historic District which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Historic district

The South End Historic District covers a 177.1-acre (71.7 ha) area of the South End neighborhood.^[1] The district includes 449 buildings, most dating from the 1870s to the 1930s, and also "an early naturalistic cemetery, and an iron bridge."^[2]:2

The Yale & Towne Lock Works was a major manufacturer which, along with other industry in the area, provided employment and shaped the neighborhood. The oldest structure in the district is the Peter DeMill House. Other notable buildings are Number 715 on Atlantic Street, a tenement building, and the Holy Name Rectory. The historic district includes the Pulaski Street Bridge, a wrought-iron lenticular through-truss bridge over the Rippowam River.^[2]:8

History

The South End was one of the first sections of Stamford to be cleared and held in common by the original settlers from 1641 to 1665. By 1699 it and other sections of the town had been apportioned to individual land owners.^[3]

"The area of Stamford known for many years as Hoytville was owned by George Hoyt, a real estate agent and the largest property owner in the city in the 1870s," wrote Susan Nova in an article in The Advocate of Stamford.^[4] The South End was the manufacturing heart of the city in the nineteenth through mid-twentieth centuries. Most of the South End, previously owned by Greenwich-based Antares, which began a multi-use project on 82 acres (330,000 m²) "...abruptly handed the project it spearheaded to Building and Land Technology L.L.C. BLT signed on to the $3 billion-plus project earlier [in 2008] as a co-developer, and announced a $200 million recapitalization of the project," according to the Fairfield County Business Journal. "They showed great vision in assembling and entitling such an extraordinary piece of ground," said Carl Kuehner III, chief executive of BLT, in a prepared statement announcing the change. "Harbor Point incorporates the best in innovative urban design, community planning and technologically advanced environmental design."^[5]

Linus Yale, Jr. introduced some combination safe locks and key-operated cylinder locks around 1862. Then in 1868, he and Henry Robinson Towne founded the Yale Lock Manufacturing Company in the South End to produce cylinder locks. Yale died later that year. The Yale & Towne lock company manufactured locks there (giving Stamford its early nickname, "Lock City"). And other manufacturing businesses were sited there.

In 1938, the neighborhood was severely flooded by a hurricane that swept through southern New England. Since then, barriers have been constructed in Stamford Harbor to prevent similar flooding.

Pitney Bowes

Pitney Bowes headquarters

The Pitney Bowes Corporation has a long history in the South End. In 1917, Walter Bowes moved his operations there, and in 1920 combined his firm with another to form Pitney Bowes. The company had manufacturing operations in the neighborhood for decades and its 422,000-square-foot (39,200 m²) corporate headquarters is located at the southern end of the triangular peninsula at 1 Elmcroft Road, where about 550 people work.^[6]

April 2006 fire

The biggest fire in Stamford's history started on April 3, 2006 in Building 15 of the old Yale & Towne factory buildings. The fire spread to another, 17,500-square-foot (1,630 m²) building housing several antiques dealers. Dark clouds of smoke formed over the scene, visible from miles away. About 200 residents from homes on Pacific and Henry streets were evacuated. The biggest casualty was a firefighter who suffered a minor knee sprain.^[7]

Stamford Fire Rescue Department Firefighters used 1 million gallons of water in three hours. Then the water mains ran out and water from the nearby harbor had to be pumped in to douse the flames. The fire department spent $25,000 in overtime to put out the fire.^[7][8]

The complex at 735 Canal Street had been rented out by Antares Investment Partners of Greenwich to various businesses, including about 100 antiques dealers.^[8]

The blaze started as a fire on a workbench in a piano shop, although city fire marshals never determined the exact cause.^[7] City investigators found Antares had not fixed the sprinkler system, although it knew the system was broken when it bought the building in October 2005 from Heyman Properties of Westport. To fix it would have required cutting off the heat in the building as a new heating system was installed, and Antares was waiting until later in the spring or summer for that, Bruce Macleod, operations chief at Antares, had said, according to The Advocate, Stamford's daily newspaper. Heyman officials knew of the sprinkler system problems "and did nothing to fix them for years, the city's chief fire marshal said in April," The Advocate reported. The sprinkler system had broken in the 1990s, when heat was turned off in vacant parts of the building, causing water in the sprinkler system to freeze, cracking the pipes.^[8]

The antiques dealers filed a class-action lawsuit against Antares and the piano shop in July 2006.^[8]

Redevelopment plans

Former Yale Lock factory building, expected to be refurbished as the neighborhood is redeveloped

The Stamford train station and train tracks, along with Interstate 95, separate the South End from Downtown Stamford. Since 2000, real estate near train stations in southwestern Connecticut has been recognized as valuable for office and residential space, and plans are underway for several office buildings near the station in the South End.

In 2008, Building and Land Technology (BLT) purchased 82 acres (330,000 m²), roughly the northern half of the South End, including both the old Yale & Towne site and the site of the former coal gasification plant off Washington Boulevard from Antares. The "Lofts at Yale and Towne", as they are now called, opened in May 2010, on property that once was part of the Yale lock factory located on Henry Street.^[9] In mid to late 2010 buildings at 100 and 101 Washington Boulevard were completed and are now home to the luxury apartment complex 101 Park Place and the new office headquarters of Building and Land Technology.^[10]

The 20-acre (81,000 m²) Yale & Town site will have 300,000 square feet (30,000 m²) of retail space in new buildings off Canal Street, along with the 225 apartments at the "Lofts at Yale and Towne" located in a century-old, six-story factory building on Henry Street, according to plans Antares presented to the city Zoning Board in early 2007.^[11]

About 4,000 housing units are planned for the development, along with some retail and office space. Antares had originally said the retail space in its plans was only to service the South End neighborhood, but in summer of 2006 it submitted a proposal to the city Planning Board for 500,000 square feet (46,000 m²). The Downtown Special Services District objected, and officials of that organization told the Planning Board at a hearing on August 10, 2006 that the retail space could hurt Downtown stores.

In 2009, Pitney Bowes paid an engineering consultant to study traffic in the South End, particularly in connection with plans for new office buildings and residences. According to the study, the new developments will clog traffic in the neighborhood, even with the planned improvements to Washington Boulevard and Atlantic Street (including reconstruction of the railroad underpasses of Atlantic and Canal streets) in the South End.^[6]

Fire Department

The Stamford Fire Rescue Department's Fire Station # 2 serves the neighborhood.

In popular culture

• Part of Elia Kazan's 1947 film Boomerang was shot in the South End, particularly at St. Luke's Chapel, and nearly all of the rest of the movie was shot in Stamford, especially the Downtown section.^[12]
• The musicians Moby and Battery Jackson once lived in some of the abandoned factory space in the South End.

In the South End

Mill River scene just south of Railroad bridge, circa 1905

• Koscusko Park, a city park — at the southern tip of the peninsula
• CTE Inc., an anti-poverty agency — 34 Woodlawn Avenue
• South End Branch of Ferguson Library — 34 Woodlawn Avenue
• Ponus Yacht Club
• Woodlawn Cemetery, a large, old cemetery — in the southeast part of the neighborhood

See also

• National Register of Historic Places listings in Stamford, Connecticut

Footnotes

External links

In the South End

• South End Neighborhood Revitalization Zone
• Ponus Yacht Club
• CTE Inc., an anti-poverty agency
• Ferguson Library South End Branch
• "Made In Stamford - A History of Stamford as a Manufacturing Center". Made In Stamford. Retrieved September 6, 2005. 

In Stamford

• City of Stamford
• Stamford Historical Society

Municipalities and communities of Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States Cities Bridgeport Danbury Norwalk Shelton Stamford Towns Bethel Brookfield Darien Easton Fairfield Greenwich Monroe New Canaan New Fairfield Newtown Redding Ridgefield Sherman Stratford Trumbull Weston Westport Wilton Borough Newtown CDPs Bethel Byram Cannondale Cos Cob Darien Georgetown Glenville Greenwich Old Greenwich Pemberwick Ridgefield Riverside Southport Stratford Trumbull Westport Wilton Center Other communities Aspetuck Botsford Black Rock Branchville Compo Cranbury East Norwalk Glenbrook Greenfield Hill Greens Farms Hattertown Hawleyville Huntington Center Long Hill Long Ridge Lordship Mianus Nichols Round Hill Rowayton Sandy Hook Silvermine South Norwalk Stepney Springdale Village Creek

U.S. National Register of Historic Places in Connecticut Lists by county Fairfield Hartford Litchfield Middlesex New Haven New London Tolland Windham Lists by city or town Bridgeport Greenwich Hartford Middletown New Haven Southington Stamford West Hartford Windsor Other lists Bridges National Historic Landmarks Keeper of the Register History of the National Register of Historic Places Property types Historic district Contributing property