South African Class 4A 4-8-2

South African Classes 4A and 4AR 4-8-2

SAR Class 4A no. 1559 at Hutchinson, Cape Province, 11 November 1916

Type and origin
Power type	Steam
Designer	Cape Government Railways
Builder	North British Locomotive Company
Serial number	20225-20234
Model	CGR 4-8-2
Build date	1913
Total produced	10

Specifications
Configuration	4-8-2 "Mountain"
Gauge	3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) Cape gauge
Leading dia	28.5 in (724 mm)
Driver diameter	54 in (1,372 mm)
Trailing dia	33 in (838 mm)
Wheelbase	Total: 58 ft 5.375 in (17,815 mm) Engine: 6 ft 2 in (1,880 mm) pilot 14 ft 5 in (4,394 mm) coupled 32 ft 2 in (9,804 mm) total Tender: 4 ft 7 in (1,397 mm) bogie 16 ft 1 in (4,902 mm) total
Length	66 ft 3.675 in (20,210 mm)
Height	12 ft 10 in (3,912 mm) as built 12 ft 11.25 in (3,943 mm) reboilered
Axle load	15.6 long tons (15.9 t) on 2nd driver as built 14.55 long tons (14.8 t) on 1st driver reboilered
Adhesive weight	62.7 long tons (63.7 t) as built 57.55 long tons (58.5 t) reboilered
Loco weight	85.4 long tons (86.8 t) as built 81.45 long tons (82.8 t) reboilered
Tender weight	47,920 lb (21.7 t) empty 47.25 long tons (48.0 t) w/o
Loco & tender weight	171,136 lb (77.6 t) empty 132.65 long tons (134.8 t) w/o as built 128.7 long tons (130.8 t) w/o reboilered
Tender type	XM - XC, XC1, XD, XE, XE1, XF, XF1, XF2, XJ, XM, XM1, XM2, XM3, XM4, XP1, XS permitted * 2 axle bogies * 34 in (864 mm) wheels * Length 25 ft 1.125 in (7,649 mm)
Fuel type	Coal
Fuel capacity	8 long tons (8.1 t)
Water cap	4,000 imp gal (18,000 l)
Firebox: • Firegrate area	37 sq ft (3.437 m²)
Boiler	As built: 5 ft 6.375 in (1,686 mm) inside diameter 18 ft 3 in (5,563 mm) inside length 7 ft 6 in (2,286 mm) pitch Reboilered: 5 ft 7.5 in (1,714 mm) inside diameter 19 ft 4 in (5,893 mm) inside length, steel firebox 19 ft 3.625 in (5,883 mm) inside length, copper firebox 8 ft (2,438 mm) pitch
Boiler pressure	180 psi (1,240 kPa)
Heating surface	2,310 sq ft (214.606 m²) as built 2,075 sq ft (192.774 m²) reboilered
• Tubes	As built: 144 tubes 2.25 in (57 mm) diameter 22 tubes5.125 in (130 mm) diameter 2,126 sq ft (197.512 m²) Reboilered: 81 tubes 2.5 in (64 mm) diameter 30 tubes5.5 in (140 mm) diameter 1,933 sq ft (179.582 m²)
• Firebox	184 sq ft (17.094 m²) as built 142 sq ft (13.192 m²) reboilered
Superheater: • Heating area	470 sq ft (43.664 m²) as built 497 sq ft (46.173 m²) reboilered
Cylinders	Two
Cylinder size	21.5 in (546 mm) bore 28 in (711 mm) stroke
Valve gear	Walschaerts

Performance figures
Tractive effort	32,360 lbf (144 kN) at 75% pressure

Career
Operators	South African Railways
Class	Class 4A, Class 4AR
Number in class	10
Numbers	1551-1560
Delivered	1913-1914
First run	1913
Withdrawn	1974

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The South African Railways Class 4A 4-8-2 of 1913 is a steam locomotive.

In 1913 and 1914 ten Class 4A steam locomotives with a 4-8-2 Mountain type wheel arrangement were placed in service by the South African Railways.^[1]^[2]

Manufacturer

The Class 4 Mountain type locomotive was designed as a heavy mixed traffic locomotive by H.M. Beatty, the last Chief Locomotive Superintendent of the Cape Government Railways (CGR), at the Salt River shops. Soon after the South African Railways (SAR) was established in 1912, an order was placed with North British Locomotive Company (NBL) for a further ten locomotives of this type. They were delivered in 1913 and 1914 and became the Class 4A, numbered in the range from 1551 to 1560.^[2]^[3]

Improvements

The Class 4A locomotive was an improved version of the predecessor Class 4. It had a superheater added, which further resulted in the Stephenson valve gear having to be replaced with piston valves and Walschaerts valve gear. Like their two forerunners, they were excellent steamers and, with the modifications, gave a much better performance.^[1]^[2]

Watson Standard boilers

In the 1930s many serving locomotives were reboilered with a standard boiler type designed by then Chief Mechanical Engineer (CME) A.G. Watson as part of his standardisation policy. Such Watson Standard reboilered locomotives were reclassified by adding an "R" suffix to their classification.^[2]^[4]

When all ten Class 4A locomotives were eventually reboilered with Watson Standard no. 2 boilers, they were therefore reclassified to Class 4AR. In the process they were also equipped with Watson cabs, with their distinctive slanted fronts compared to the conventional vertical fronts of their original cabs.^[2]^[4]

An obvious visual difference between an original and a Watson Standard reboilered locomotive is usually a rectangular regulator cover just to the rear of the chimney on the reboilered locomotive, but this was not always the case, as illustrated in the gallery below. In the case of the Class 4AR an even more obvious visual difference is the Watson cab.^[4]

Service

Their first ten years of service were spent working both passenger and goods trains on various sections of the Cape mainline. At first they worked out of Cape Town, but when more powerful locomotives became available they were transferred to the Karoo, working between Touws River and Kimberley and also northward from Kimberley to Mafeking. They were then transferred to the Reef, from where they regularly served on the Zeerust, Breyten and Volksrust lines while also being employed in a variety of suburban and local train workings.^[1]^[2]

Armoured Class 4A no. 1554, 1942

During the Second World War Class 4A number 1554 was equipped with temporary protective armour to serve as the locomotive of an armoured train that was based at Mapleton Camp. The photograph alongside shows the locomotive and armoured train being inspected during 1942 by the Honourable F.C. Sturrock MP, South Africa’s Minister of Transport at the time.

The last Class 4AR was withdrawn from shunting operations on the West Rand in 1974. Some remained working in industrial service for several more years, with the last one being finally retired from Apex Colliery in 1983.^[2]^[5]

Rhodesia Railways

A lighter version of the Class 4A was built by NBL for the Rhodesia Railways (RR). It became the RR 10th Class and was used on the long section south of Bulawayo in Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) through Bechuanaland Protectorate (now Botswana) to Mafeking in the Cape Province.^[5]

Like the SAR Class 4A, the RR 10th Class had combustion chambers, the only RR locomotive class with this feature.^[5]

Illustration

The main picture shows SAR Class 4A no. 1559, as built, on the Cape Town-Johannesburg train, taking water at Hutchinson in the Karoo on 11 November 1916.^[1]

In the pictures of reboilered Class 4AR locomotives below, one locomotive has the rectangular regulator cover just to the rear of the chimney, while the other, Class 4AR no. 1554, has a bolted on cover plate flush with the boiler cladding instead. Both have Watson cabs, while the pictures of Class 4A locomotives display their original cabs with conventional vertical fronts.^[4]

Reboilered Class 4AR with the rectangular regulator cover and a Watson cab with its slanted front, c. 1970
Class 4A on a local between Langlaagte and Mayfair, c. 1930
Class 4A at Driehoek at Simmer & Jack’s mine with a passenger train from Breyten, c. 1930
Class 4AR no. 1554 with Watson cab but without the rectangular regulator cover, c. 1970

References

1 2 3 4 Holland, D.F. (1972). Steam Locomotives of the South African Railways, Volume 2: 1910-1955 (1st ed.). Newton Abbott, Devon: David & Charles. pp. 12–13, 22–23, 137. ISBN 978-0-7153-5427-8.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Paxton, Leith; Bourne, David (1985). Locomotives of the South African Railways (1st ed.). Cape Town: Struik. pp. 38–39. ISBN 0869772112.
↑ North British Locomotive Company works list, compiled by Austrian locomotive historian Bernhard Schmeiser
1 2 3 4 South African Railways and Harbours Locomotive Diagram Book, 2’0” & 3’6” Gauge Steam Locomotives, 15 August 1941, as amended
1 2 3 Durrant, A E (1989). Twilight of South African Steam (1st ed.). Newton Abbott, London: David & Charles. p. 13. ISBN 0715386387.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to South African Class 4A (4-8-2).

Locomotives of South Africa

Steam

7' ¼" gauge	East London Harbour 0-4-0 Table Bay Harbour 0-4-0ST Table Bay Harbour 0-4-0T Table Bay Harbour 0-4-0WT

4' 8½" gauge	Cape 0-4-0T Blackie Cape 0-4-2 Cape 2-4-0T CGR 0-4-0ST Aid Natal 0-4-0ST Durban Natal 0-4-0WT Natal Natal 4-4-0T Perseverance

3' 6" gauge Tank engines	CGR 0-4-0ST 1873 CGR 0-4-0ST 1874 CGR 0-4-0ST 1881 Coffee Pot CGR 0-6-0ST 1902 CGR 0-6-0T 1876 Back-to-Back CGR 2-6-0ST 1900 CGR 2-6-0ST 1902 CGR 1st Class 0-4-0ST 1875 CGR 1st Class 0-4-0ST 1876 CGR 1st Class 2-6-0ST 1876 CGR 1st Class 4-4-0T 1875 CGR 2nd Class 4-4-0T 1882 CGR 3rd Class 2-6-0T CGR Railmotor CSAR Class C CSAR Class E CSAR Rack CSAR Railmotor DSWA Eight-Coupled Tank 2-8-0T Durban's Congella Durban's Edward Innes Durban's John Milne Durban's Sir Albert Port Elizabeth Harbour 0-4-0ST Kowie Railway 0-6-0T Kowie Railway 4-4-0T Metropolitan & Suburban 4-6-2T NGR 2-6-0T Durban & Pietermaritzburg NGR Class I 2-6-2T NGR Class K 0-4-0ST NGR Class K 0-6-0ST NGR Class K 2-6-0T NZASM 10 Tonner NZASM 14 Tonner NZASM 18 Tonner NZASM 19 Tonner NZASM 32 Tonner NZASM 40 Tonner PPR 26 Tonner PPR 35 Tonner Portuguese SAR 0-4-0ST 1903 SAR 0-4-0T no. 69 SAR Class A SAR Class B SAR Class C SAR Class C1 SAR Class C2 SAR Class D SAR Class E SAR Class F SAR Class G SAR Class H SAR Class H1 SAR Class H2 SAR Class J SAR Class K SAR Clayton Railmotor

3' 6" gauge Tender engines	CGR 1st Class 2-6-0 1876 Beyer, Peacock CGR 1st Class 2-6-0 1876 Kitson CGR 1st Class 2-6-0 1879 CGR 1st Class 2-6-0 1891 CGR 1st Class 4-4-0 1879 CGR 1st Class 4-4-0TT 1881 CGR 2nd Class 2-6-2TT 1875 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1883 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1884 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1889 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1898 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1901 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1903 CGR 4th Class 4-4-2 CGR 4th Class 4-6-0TT 1880 CGR 4th Class 4-6-0TT 1882 CGR 4th Class 4-6-0TT 1884 CGR 5th Class 4-6-0 1890 CGR 5th Class 4-6-0 1891 DSWA Eight-Coupled Tender 2-8-0 NGR Havelock NGR Class I SAR Class Exp 1 SAR Class Exp 2 SAR Class Exp 3 SAR Class Exp 4 SAR Class Exp 5 SAR Class Exp 6 SAR Class S SAR Class S1 SAR Class S2 SAR Class 1 SAR Class 1A SAR Class 1B SAR Class 2 SAR Class 2C SAR Class 3 SAR Class 3A SAR Class 3B SAR Class 4 SAR Class 4A SAR Class 5 SAR Class 5A SAR Class 5B SAR Class 6 SAR Class 6A SAR Class 6B SAR Class 6C SAR Class 6D SAR Class 6E SAR Class 6F SAR Class 6G SAR Class 6H SAR Class 6J SAR Class 6K SAR Class 6L SAR Class 6Y SAR Class 6Z SAR Class 7 SAR Class 7A SAR Class 7B SAR Class 7C SAR Class 7D SAR Class 7E SAR Class 7F SAR Class 8 SAR Class 8A SAR Class 8B SAR Class 8C SAR Class 8D SAR Class 8E SAR Class 8F SAR Class 8R SAR Class 8X SAR Class 8Y SAR Class 8Z SAR Class 9 SAR Class 10 SAR Class 10A SAR Class 10B SAR Class 10C SAR Class 10D SAR Class 11 SAR Class 12 SAR Class 12A SAR Class 12B SAR Class 13 SAR Class 14 SAR Class 14A SAR Class 14B SAR Class 14C SAR Class 15 SAR Class 15A SAR Class 15B SAR Class 15C SAR Class 15CA SAR Class 15E SAR Class 15F SAR Class 16 SAR Class 16A SAR Class 16B SAR Class 16C SAR Class 16D SAR Class 16DA SAR Class 16E SAR Class 17 SAR Class 18 SAR Class 19 SAR Class 19A SAR Class 19B SAR Class 19C SAR Class 19D SAR Class 20 SAR Class 21 SAR Class 23 SAR Class 24 SAR Class 25 SAR Class 25NC SAR Class 26 Red Devil

3' 6" gauge Articulated engines	CGR Fairlie CGR Kitson-Meyer SAR Class FC SAR Class FD SAR Class GA SAR Class GB SAR Class GC SAR Class GCA SAR Class GD SAR Class GDA SAR Class GE SAR Class GEA SAR Class GF SAR Class GG SAR Class GH SAR Class GK SAR Class GL SAR Class GM SAR Class GMA SAR Class GO SAR Class HF SAR Class KM SAR Class MA SAR Class MB SAR Class MC SAR Class MC1 SAR Class MD SAR Class ME SAR Class MF SAR Class MG SAR Class MH SAR Class MJ SAR Class MJ1 SAR Class U

2' 6" gauge	Cape Copper 0-6-0T 1871 Cape Copper Britannia Cape Copper Caledonia Cape Copper Clara Class Cape Copper Condenser Cape Copper Scotia Class Namaqua Copper Pioneer

2' & 600mm gauges	ACR Class NG-G16A CGR NG 0-6-0T CGR NG 4-6-2T CGR Type A 2-6-4T CGR Type C 0-4-0T DSWA Class Ha DSWA Class Hb DSWA Class Hc DSWA Class Hd DSWA Jung DSWA Zwillinge NGR Class N 4-6-2T SAR NG 0-4-0T 1899 SAR Class NG1 SAR Class NG2 SAR Class NG3 SAR Class NG4 SAR Class NG5 SAR Class NG6 SAR Class NG7 SAR Class NG8 SAR Class NG9 SAR Class NG10 SAR Class NG-G11 SAR Class NG-G12 SAR Class NG-G13 SAR Class NG-G14 SAR Class NG15 SAR Class NG-G16

Electric

Amcoal Class E38

Diesel

3' 6" gauge Diesel-electric	PRASA Class Afro 4000 SAR Class DS SAR Class DS1 SAR Class 31-000 SAR Class 32-000 SAR Class 32-200 SAR Class 33-000 SAR Class 33-200 SAR Class 33-400 SAR Class 34-000 SAR Class 34-200 SAR Class 34-400 SAR Class 34-500 SAR Class 34-600 SAR Class 34-800 SAR Class 34-900 SAR Class 35-000 SAR Class 35-200 SAR Class 35-400 SAR Class 35-600 SAR Class 36-000 SAR Class 36-200 SAR Class 37-000 Spoornet Class 39-000 TFR Class 35-800 TFR Class 39-200 TFR Class 43-000 TFR Class 44-000

2' gauge Diesel-electric	SAR Class 91-000

3' 6" gauge Diesel-hydraulic	SAR Class 61-000

3' 6" gauge Electro-diesel	Spoornet Class 38-000

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