Song Car-Tunes

Ko-Ko Song Car-Tunes, Song Car-Tunes, or (some sources erroneously say) Sound Car-Tunes, is a series of short three-minute animation films produced by Max Fleischer and Dave Fleischer between May 1924 and September 1927, pioneering the use of the "Follow the Bouncing Ball" device used to lead audiences in theater sing-alongs. The Song Car-Tunes were also pioneer efforts in the first application of sound and animation, several years before Paul Terry's Dinner Time (released October 1928) and Walt Disney's Steamboat Willie (November 1928).

History

There were 36 titles in the Song Car-Tune series, with 19 using the Phonofilm sound-on-film process developed by Lee DeForest beginning with Oh, Mabel; Mother, Pin a Rose on Me; Goodbye, My Lady Love; and Come Take a Trip on My Airship (all May and June 1924). Another 17 titles were released silent, designed to be played with live music in theaters. The Fleischer brothers partnered with DeForest, Edwin Miles Fadiman, and Dr. Hugo Riesenfeld to form Red Seal Pictures Corporation, which owned 36 theaters on the East Coast, extending as far west as Cleveland, Ohio.

On 15 September 1925, the Fleischers released My Bonnie Lies Over the Ocean which is the first film to use the follow the bouncing ball gimmick. In April 1926, the Fleischers released My Old Kentucky Home, with one of the earliest attempts to synchronize animation with dialogue, as a dog in the film encourages the audience to "sing along with the bouncing ball".

In September 1926, the U.S. division of DeForest Phonofilm and Red Seal Pictures Corporation filed for bankruptcy, and the Fleischers ended their use of the Phonofilm system, releasing their last sound Song Car-Tune, By the Light of the Silvery Moon (1927), just as the sound era was about to begin. In early 1929, the Fleischers signed a Paramount Pictures contract. Paramount re-released some of the silent Song Car-Tunes between 1929 and 1932 with new soundtracks, new animation, and new main titles that eliminated the names of Max and Dave Fleischer.

With the sound era established, the Fleischers revived the song film series as Screen Songs in February 1929 and continued until 1938. Though Ko-Ko the Clown had been retired, the "Bouncing Ball" was retained. This new series ran a full seven minutes, with more animation than the early Song Car-Tunes, built around the theme of the featured song.

The first films in the new series used standards such as The Sidewalks of New York (released 5 February 1929) and Old Black Joe. The series continued with new productions of songs previously released in the earlier series, such as Daisy Bell, Good Bye, My Lady Love, Mother Pin a Rose On Me, Oh! How I Hate to Get Up in the Morning, and Come Take a Trip in My Airship, all with new soundtracks in the RCA Photophone system and released by Paramount Pictures.

Many of the Screen Songs featured popular stars of stage, radio, and records such as Ethel Merman, Rudy Vallee, Lillian Roth, The Mills Brothers, and the Boswell Sisters. Starting in 1934, the Screen Songs series focused on the big bands of the "Swing Era", such as Abe Lyman, Shep Fields, Gus Arnheim, Hal Kemp, Jack Denny, Vincent Lopez, Henry King, Jay Freeman, Jerry Baline, Bert Block, Frank Dailey, and Jimmy Dorsey.

The Screen Songs concept was revised in a special edition of the Technicolor Noveltoons series in 1945 with When G. I. Johnny Comes Home Again, and the series officially returned in 1948 with Base Brawl and continued until 1951. Paramount attempted to revive the series in 1963 after the television success of Sing Along With Mitch with the cartoon Hobo's Holiday.

The concept of the "Bouncing Ball" has become such an established cultural icon, that it has been used in television commercials to sell all sorts of products from sleeping tablets to cat food. Just before retiring in 1968, Dave Fleischer used a form of the "Bouncing Ball" for the ending of Thoroughly Modern Millie where he shot cutout animation to "bounce" the head of Beatrice Lillie over the lyrics to the title song.

List of Song Car-Tunes

See Screen Songs for sound reissues in RCA Photophone and released by Paramount Pictures starting in February 1929.

• Alexander’s Ragtime Band (1926)
• Annie Laurie (1926) (sound)^[1]
• By the Light of the Silvery Moon (August 1926) (sound)^[2]
• Come Take a Trip in My Airship (1924)
• Coming Through the Rye (September 1926) (sound)^[3]
• Daisy Bell (May 1925) (sound)^[4]
• Darling Nelly Gray (February 1926) (sound)^[5]
• Dixie (November 1925)^[6]
• Goodbye My Lady Love (June 1924) (sound)^[7]
• Has Anyone Here Seen Kelly? (March 1926) (sound)^[8][9]
• I Love a Lassie (January 1926)^[10][11]
• In the Good Old Summertime (1926)^[12]
• Margie (October 1926) (sound)^[13]
• Mother, Mother, Mother Pin a Rose on Me (June 1924) (sound)^[14]
• My Bonnie Lies Over the Ocean (September 1925)
• My Old Kentucky Home (April 1926) (sound)^[15]
• My Wife's Gone to the Country (1925) (sound)^[16]
• Oh! How I Hate to Get Up in the Morning (October 1926) (sound)^[17]
• Oh Mabel (May 1924)^[18]
• Oh Suzanna (1925)
• Old Black Joe (July 1926) (sound)^[19]
• Old Pal (Dear Old Pal) (1925) (sound)^[20]
• Pack Up Your Troubles (1925)
• Sailing Sailing Over the Bounding Main (1925)
• The Sheik of Araby (1926) (sound)
• The Sidewalks of New York (1925) (sound)^[21][22]
• Swanee River (1925)^[23]
• The Old Folks at Home (1925)
• Sweet Adeline (June 1926) (sound)^[24]
• Ta-Ra-Ra-Boom-Dee-Aye (February 1926)^[25][26]
• Trail of the Lonesome Pine (1925)
• Toot Toot Tootsie (1926)
• Tramp, Tramp, Tramp, the Boys Are Marching (May 1926) (silent; sound re-issue)^[27]
• Waiting for the Robert E. Lee (1926)
• When I Leave This World Behind (1926)
• When I Lost You (1926) (sound)^[28]
• When the Midnight Choo-Choo Leaves for Alabam' (1926) (sound)^[29]
• Yak-A-Doola-Hick-A-Doola (1926) (sound)^[30]

See also

• History of animation
• Sound film
• Phonofilm
• RCA Photophone

Sources

• Leonard Maltin, Of Mice and Magic: A History of the American Animated Film (1980, revised 1987)
• Leslie Cabarga, The Fleischer Story (1988)
• Richard Fleischer, Out of the Inkwell: Max Fleischer and the Animation Revolution (2005)
• Ray Pointer, Max Fleischer's Ko-Ko Song Car-tunes (with the Famous Bouncing Ball) DVD (2002)

References

External links

• List of Early Sound Films 1894-1929 at Silent Era website