Sky lobby
A sky lobby is an intermediate interchange floor where people can change from an express elevator that stops only at the sky lobby to a local elevator which stops at every floor within a segment of the building. When designing very tall (supertall) buildings, supplying enough elevators is a problem – travellers wanting to reach a specific higher floor may conceivably have to stop at a very large number of other floors on the way up to let other passengers off and on. This increases travel time, and indirectly requires many more elevator shafts to still allow acceptable travel times – thus reducing effective floor space on each floor for all levels. (The other main technique to increase usage without adding more elevator shafts is double-deck elevators.)
Early uses of the sky lobby include the original Twin Towers of the World Trade Center and the John Hancock Center in Chicago.[1]
John Hancock Center
The John Hancock Center's sky lobby on the 44th floor serves only the residential portion of the building that occupies floors 45–92. Three express elevators run from the residential lobby on the ground floor to the 44th floor, with two of the elevators stopping at the parking garage's main level on floor 6. At floor 44, residents transfer to two banks of three elevators. One bank serves floors 45–65 and the other serves 65–92. Although all six elevators stop at floor 65, this floor is roughly the same layout as the residential floors immediately above and below it. It is not a sky lobby because residents can also board elevators to higher floors at floor 44.
The Hancock's 44th floor sky lobby includes a pool, gym, dry cleaner, convenience store, about 700 mailboxes, two "party" rooms, a sitting area overlooking Lake Michigan, a small library, a refuse room (with trash chutes emptying here), offices for the managers of the residential condominium,[2] and a polling station for residents during elections.
Floors above 92 are serviced by direct passenger elevators from the ground floor, by an emergency elevator from the ground floor, and by two freight elevators that run from floors 44 to 98.
Buildings with sky lobbies
Building Name | Year | Location | Floors of sky lobby(s) |
---|---|---|---|
John Hancock Center | 1969 | Chicago, Illinois, United States | 44 |
One World Trade Center | 1972 | New York City, New York, United States | 44, 78 |
Two World Trade Center | 1973 | New York City, New York, United States | 44, 78 |
Willis Tower | 1973 | Chicago, Illinois, United States | 33/34, 66/67 |
Tower 42 | 1980 | London, United Kingdom | 23/24 |
JPMorgan Chase Tower (Houston) | 1982 | Houston, Texas, United States | 60 |
Wells Fargo Plaza (Houston) | 1983 | Houston, Texas, United States | 34/35, 58/59 |
Williams Tower | 1983 | Houston, Texas, United States | 51 |
Columbia Center | 1985 | Seattle, Washington, United States | 40 |
Miami Tower | 1987 | Miami, Florida, United States | 11 |
Seattle Municipal Tower | 1990 | Seattle, Washington, United States | 40 |
Petronas Twin Towers | 1999 | Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia | 41/42 |
Izumi Garden Tower | 2002 | Tokyo, Japan | – |
First World Hotel | 2008 | Genting Highlands, Pahang, Malaysia | 3, 8 |
Taipei 101 | 2004 | Taipei, Taiwan | 35/36, 59/60 |
Shin Kong Life Tower | 1993 | Taipei, Taiwan | 16 |
Revenue Tower | 1990 | Wan Chai, Hong Kong | – |
Immigration Tower | 1990 | Wan Chai, Hong Kong | – |
Central Plaza | 1992 | Wan Chai, Hong Kong | – |
The Center | 1998 | Central, Hong Kong | 42 |
Two International Finance Centre | 2003 | Central, Hong Kong | 33, 35, 55, 56 |
Bloomberg Tower | 2004 | New York City, New York, United States | 6, 20 |
Nina Tower | 2006 | Tsuen Wan, New Territories, Hong Kong | 41 |
One Island East | 2005 | Quarry Bay, Hong Kong | – |
The Bow | 2007 | Calgary, Alberta, Canada | – |
Shanghai World Financial Center | 2008 | Shanghai, China | 28/29, 52/53 |
Burj Khalifa | 2010 | Dubai, United Arab Emirates | 43, 76, 123 |
200 West Street | 2009 | New York City, New York, United States | 11 |
International Commerce Centre | 2010 | Central, Hong Kong | 48/49, 98/99 |
Jeddah Tower | 2018 | Jeddah, Saudi Arabia | – [3] |
One World Trade Center | 2014 | New York City, New York, United States | 64 |
Rosslyn Central Place Office Tower | 2016 | Arlington, Virginia, United States | 6 |
Australia 108 | 2019 | Melbourne, Australia | 83,84[4][5] |
Wilshire Grand Tower | 2017 | Los Angeles, California, United States | 70 |
Shanghai Tower | 2015 | Shanghai, China | 37, 68, 101 |
Tokyo Sky Tree | 2012 | Sumida, Tokyo, Japan | 4F, 350m |
Wisma 46 | 1996 | Jakarta, Indonesia | 46 |
UOB Plaza Tower One | 1995 | Singapore, Singapore | 37–38 |
S2 Building EEPIS | 2015 | Surabaya, Indonesia | 1[6] |
Darmo Trade Center Wonokromo | 2004/2005 | Wonokromo, Surabaya, Indonesia | 1[7] |
Abraj Al-Bait Clock Tower | 2012 | Makkah, Saudi Arabia | M2,[8] M4[9] |
References
- ↑ "Otis History: The World Trade Center". Otis Elevator Company. Archived from the original on 2006-11-15. Retrieved 2006-12-07.
- ↑ "The John Hancock Center". Earl Reid. Retrieved 2008-01-07.
- ↑ "Adrian Smith interview". WTTW. August 4, 2011. Retrieved 2011-08-07.
- ↑ "Six Star Hotel – Australia 108". Retrieved 2013-03-19.
- ↑ "Rising high: 108-storey super tower planned for Melbourne". The West Australian. 2012-11-12. Retrieved 2013-03-19.
- ↑ This is not a ground floor, and in other building on EEPIS complex, this floor is known as 2nd floor.
- ↑ This is not a ground floor, and the clearance between this floor and ground level is higher than roof of some building surrounding the mall
- ↑ Used as the hotel lobby
- ↑ Used as the serviced apartments lobby