Miami Herald

The Miami Herald is a daily newspaper owned by The McClatchy Company and headquartered in Doral, Florida, a city in western Miami-Dade County near Miami.^[2]

Founded in 1903, it is the largest newspaper in South Florida, serving Miami-Dade, Broward County, and Monroe County. It also circulates throughout Latin America and the Caribbean.^[3]

Overview

The newspaper employs over 800 people in Miami and across several bureaus, including Bogotá, Managua, Tallahassee, Vero Beach, Key West, and shared space in McClatchy's Washington bureau. Its newsroom staff of about 450 includes 144 reporters, 69 editors, 69 copy editors, 29 photographers, five graphic artists (not including page designers), 11 columnists, six critics, 48 editorial specialists, and 18 news assistants. In June 2009, the Miami Herald announced widespread layoffs in June 2008, with plans to cut 250 full-time jobs - 17 percent of the newspaper's workforce.^[4]

The newspaper has been awarded 20 Pulitzer Prizes since beginning publication in 1903.^[5] Well-known columnists include Pulitzer-winning political commentator Leonard Pitts, Jr., Pulitzer-winning reporter Mirta Ojito, humorist Dave Barry and novelist Carl Hiaasen. Other columnists include Fred Grimm and Edwin Pope. Alexandra Villoch is the publisher, and Aminda Marqués Gonzalez^[6] is the executive editor.

The newspaper averages 88 pages daily and 212 pages Sunday.

The Miami Herald's coverage of Latin American and Hispanic affairs is widely considered among the best of U.S. newspapers.

The Miami Herald also participates in "Politifact Florida",^[7] a website that focuses on the truth about Florida issues, along with the Tampa Bay Times, which created the Politifact concept. The Herald and the Times share resources on news stories related to Florida.

History

A Miami Herald headline dated August 7, 1945 featuring the atomic bombing of Hiroshima, Japan

The first edition was published September 15, 1903, as The Miami Evening Record. After the recession of 1907, the newspaper had severe financial difficulties. Its largest creditor was Henry Flagler. Through a loan from Henry Flagler, Frank B. Shutts, who was also the founder of the law firm Shutts & Bowen, acquired the paper and renamed it The Miami Herald on December 1, 1910. Although it is the longest continuously published newspaper in Miami, the earliest newspaper in the region was The Tropical Sun, established in 1891. The Miami Metropolis, which later became The Miami News, was founded in 1896, and was the Herald's oldest competitor until 1988, when it went out of business.

During the Florida land boom of the 1920s, the Miami Herald was the largest newspaper in the world, as measured by lines of advertising.^[8] During The Great Depression in the 1930s, the Herald came close to receivership, but recovered.

On October 25, 1939, John S. Knight, son of a noted Ohio newspaperman, bought the Herald from Frank B. Shutts. Knight became editor and publisher, and made his brother, James L. Knight, the business manager. The Herald had 383 employees. Lee Hills arrived as city editor in September 1942. He later became the Herald's publisher and eventually the chairman of Knight-Ridder Inc., a position he held until 1981.

The Miami Herald International Edition, printed by partner newspapers throughout the Caribbean and Latin America, began in 1946. It is currently commonly available at resorts in the Caribbean countries such as the Dominican Republic, and, though printed by the largest local newspaper Listín Diario, it is not available outside such tourist areas. It was extended to Mexico in 2002.

The Herald won its first Pulitzer Prize in 1950, for its reporting on Miami's organized crime. Its circulation was 176,000 daily and 204,000 on Sundays.

On August 19, 1960, construction began on the Herald building on Biscayne Bay. Also on that day, Alvah H. Chapman, started work as James Knight's assistant. Chapman was later promoted to Knight-Ridder chairman and chief executive officer. The Herald moved into its new building at One Herald Plaza without missing an edition on March 23–24, 1963.

Publication of a Spanish-language supplemental insert named El Herald began in 1976. It was renamed El Nuevo Herald in 1987, and in 1998 became an independent publication.

The paper won a landmark press freedom decision in Miami Herald Publishing Co. v. Tornillo (1974).^[9] In the case, a political candidate, Pat Tornillo Jr., had requested that the Herald print his rebuttal to an editorial criticizing him, citing Florida's "right-to-reply" law, which mandated that newspapers print such responses. Represented by longtime counsel Dan Paul, the Herald challenged the law, and the case was appealed to the Supreme Court.^[10] The Court unanimously overturned the Florida statute under the Press Freedom Clause of the First Amendment, ruling that "Governmental compulsion on a newspaper to publish that which 'reason' tells it should not be published is unconstitutional."^[11] The decision showed the limitations of a 1969 decision, Red Lion Broadcasting Co. v. Federal Communications Commission- in which a similar "Fairness Doctrine" had been upheld for radio and television - establishing that broadcast and print media had different Constitutional protections.^[10]

In 2003, the Miami Herald and El Universal of Mexico City created an international joint venture, and in 2004 they together launched The Herald Mexico, a short-lived English-language newspaper for readers in Mexico. Its final issue was published in May 2007.

On July 27, 2005, former Miami city commissioner Arthur Teele walked into the main lobby of Herald headquarters, dropped off a package for columnist Jim DeFede, and asked a security officer to tell Herald columnist Jim DeFede to tell his wife Stephanie he loved her before pulling out a gun and committing suicide. This happened the day the Miami New Times, a weekly newspaper, published salacious details of Teele's alleged affairs, including allegations that he had had sex and used cocaine with a transsexual prostitute. Shortly before committing suicide, Teele had had a telephone conversation with DeFede. DeFede recorded this call without Teele's knowledge, which was illegal under Florida law. DeFede admitted to Herald management that he had taped the call. Although the paper used quotes from the tape in its coverage, DeFede was fired the next day for violating the paper's code of ethics, and was likely guilty of a felony. Many journalists and readers of the Herald disagreed with the decision to fire rather than suspend DeFede, arguing that it had been made in haste and that the punishment was disproportionate to the offense. 528 journalists, including about 200 current and former Herald staffers, called on the Herald to reinstate DeFede, but the paper's management refused to back down. The state attorney's office later declined to file charges against the columnist, holding that the potential violation was "without a (living) victim or a complainant."

On September 8, 2006, the Miami Herald's president Jesús Díaz Jr. fired three journalists because they had allegedly been paid by the United States government to work in anti-Cuba propaganda TV and radio channels. The three were Pablo Alfonso, Wilfredo Cancio Isla and Olga Connor.^[12] Less than a month later, following the pressure of the Cuban community in Miami, Díaz resigned after reinstating the fired journalists. Nevertheless, he continues to claim that such payments, especially if made from organisms of the state, violate the principles of journalistic independence.^[13] At least seven other journalists who do not work at the Herald, namely Miguel Cossio, Carlos Alberto Montaner, Juan Manuel Cao, Ariel Remos, Omar Claro, Helen Aguirre Ferre, Paul Crespo and Ninoska Perez-Castellón, were also paid for programs on Radio Martí or TV Martí,^[12][14] both financed by the government of the United States through the Broadcasting Board of Governors, receiving a total of between $15,000 and $175,000 USD since 2001.

The Miami Herald's former headquarters on Biscayne Bay in the Omni neighborhood of Downtown Miami; the paper moved from its waterfront headquarters in 2013 to a location in suburban Doral

In May 2011, the paper announced it had sold 14 acres (5.7 ha) of Biscayne Bayfront land surrounding its headquarters in the Omni district of Downtown Miami for $236 million, to a Malaysian resort developer, Genting Malaysia Berhad. McClatchy announced that the Herald and El Nuevo Herald would be moving to another location by 2013.^[15] In May 2013, the paper moved to a new building in suburban Doral.^[16]

Community involvement

The Miami Herald sponsors several community involvement projects.

The Wish Book program lets community members who are suffering from hardships ask for help from the paper's readers. Wishes have included asking for donations to buy medical equipment for a sick child, help with renovations to make a home wheelchair-accessible, monetary donations to an impoverished family dealing with cancer treatments, and help to an elderly resident wanting to learn how to use a computer. Readers may donate to specific causes or to the program at large.

The Herald also co-sponsors spelling bees and athletic awards in South Florida. The "Tropic" section and its columnist Dave Barry run a unique annual puzzlehunt in the Miami area, the Herald Hunt.

The Silver Knight Awards are achievement awards granted to a select group of high school seniors in South Florida each year. They have been given in Miami-Dade County, Florida since 1959 and in Broward County, Florida since 1984. Broward and Miami-Dade county awards are given in separate ceremonies.

The awards are given to students nominated by faculty committees in their schools. Each high school is permitted to nominate one student per category. Typical nominees have excelled in their studies and served to better their communities. 18,000 students have been recognized by this program.

The Silver Knight Awards aim to recognize recipients' "record of service to school and community." The awards are given in fifteen categories - Art, Athletics, Business, Digital & Interactive, Drama, English & Literature, General Scholarship, Journalism, Mathematics, Music & Dance, Science, Social Science, Speech, Vocational-Technical, and World Languages. The winner in each category receives $2000, a Silver Knight statue, a medallion, and a free airplane ticket to travel within the US. Three honorable mentions in each category receive engraved plaques and $500.

Headquarters

Miami Herald Media Company, which owns the Miami Herald and El Nuevo Herald, is headquartered in Doral, Florida.^[2][17] It is located in a two story, 160,000-square-foot (15,000 m²) building that previously was the U.S. Southern Command center. The newspaper uses 110,000 square feet (10,000 m²) of space for office purposes. As of 2013 there are 650 people working there. The newspaper had purchased land adjacent to the headquarters to build the 119,000-square-foot (11,100 m²) printing plant.^[17]

The previous headquarters, One Herald Plaza, were located on a 14-acre (5.7 ha) plot in Biscayne Bay, Miami. This facility opened in March 1963. In 2011 the Genting Group, a Malaysian company, offered to pay the Miami Herald Media Co. $236 million for the current headquarters property. The company began scouting for a new headquarters location after finalizing the sale.^[18] The then president and publisher of the media company, David Landsberg, stated that it was not necessary at that point to be located in the city center, and remaining there would be too expensive.^[17] The newspaper moved to its current Doral headquarters in May 2013. On April 28, 2014, demolition began on the iconic building on Biscayne Bay between the MacArthur and Venetian causeways.^[19]

Pulitzer Prizes

• 2009: Breaking News Photography, Patrick Farrell, "for his provocative, impeccably composed images of despair after Hurricane Ike and other lethal storms caused a humanitarian disaster in Haiti."
• 2007: Local Reporting, Debbie Cenziper, "for reports on waste, favoritism and lack of oversight at the Miami housing agency that resulted in dismissals, investigations and prosecutions." In 2007, Cenziper's investigation was featured in the PBS documentary series Exposé: America's Investigative Reports in an episode entitled "Money For Nothing."
• 2004: Commentary, Leonard Pitts, Jr., "for his fresh, vibrant columns that spoke, with both passion and compassion, to ordinary people on often divisive issues."
• 2001: Breaking News Reporting, "for its coverage of the seizure of Elián González by federal agents."
• 1999: Investigative Reporting, staff, "for its detailed reporting that revealed pervasive voter fraud in a city mayoral election that was subsequently overturned."
• 1996: Editorial Cartooning, Jim Morin
• 1993: Meritorious Public Service, staff, "for coverage that not only helped readers cope with Hurricane Andrew's devastation but also showed how lax zoning, inspection and building codes had contributed to the destruction.";
• 1993: Commentary, Liz Balmaseda, "for her commentary from Haiti about deteriorating political and social conditions and her columns about Cuban-Americans in Miami."
• 1991: Spot News Reporting, staff, "for stories profiling a local cult leader, his followers, and their links to several area murders."
• 1988: Commentary, Dave Barry, "for his consistently effective use of humor as a device for presenting fresh insights into serious concerns."
• 1988: Feature Photography, Michel duCille, "for photographs portraying the decay and subsequent rehabilitation of a housing project overrun by the drug crack."
• 1987: National Reporting, staff, "for its exclusive reporting and persistent coverage of the U.S.-Iran-Contra connection."
• 1986: Spot News Photography, Michel duCille and Carol Guzy;
• 1986: General Reporting, Edna Buchanan
• 1983: Editorial Eriting, the editorial board, " for its campaign against the detention of illegal Haitian immigrants by federal officials."
• 1981: International Reporting, Shirley Christian, "for her dispatches from Central America."
• 1980: Feature Writing, Madeleine Blais, "for 'Zepp's Last Stand.'"
• 1976: General Reporting, Gene Miller
• 1967: Specialized Reporting, Gene Miller
• 1951: Meritorious Public Service, staff, "for [its] crime reporting during the year."

References

Notes

Bibliography

External links

• Official website (Mobile)
• Today's Miami Herald front page at the Newseum website

• Politifact Florida
• Journalists for Jim DeFede petition
• "Audit Bureau of Circulations ranking (2007)". Archived from the original on 2007-04-29. 
• Miami Metropolis, freely available with full text and full page images in the Florida Digital Newspaper Library

Coordinates: 25°48′25″N 80°20′39″W / 25.806981°N 80.344189°W / 25.806981; -80.344189