Shinjuku Station

Shinjuku Station 新宿駅
East entrance of Shinjuku Station
Location	Shinjuku, Tokyo Japan
Operated by	JR East Keio Corporation Odakyu Electric Railway Tokyo Metro Toei Subway
Line(s)	Yamanote Line Chūō Main Line Chūō-Sōbu Line Shōnan-Shinjuku Line Saikyo Line Odakyu Odawara Line Keio Line Keio New Line Marunouchi Line Toei Shinjuku Line Toei Oedo Line
Connections	Bus terminal
History
Opened	1885
Location
Shinjuku Station Location within Japan

Shinjuku Station (新宿駅, Shinjuku-eki) is a major railway station in Shinjuku and Shibuya wards in Tokyo, Japan.

Serving as the main connecting hub for rail traffic between Tokyo's special wards and Western Tokyo on inter-city rail, commuter rail, and metro lines, the station was used by an average of 3.64 million people per day in 2007, making it, by far, the world's busiest transport hub (and registered as such with Guinness World Records). The station itself has 36 platforms, including an underground arcade, above ground arcade and numerous hallways. There are well over 200 exits. Another 17 platforms (51 total) can be accessed through hallways to 5 directly connected stations without surfacing outside.

Lines

Shinjuku is served by the following railway systems:

• JR East:
  • ■Yamanote Line
  • ■Chūō Main Line (Limited Express)
  • ■Chūō Rapid Line
  • ■Chūō-Sōbu Line
  • ■Shōnan-Shinjuku Line
  • ■Saikyō Line
• Odakyu Electric Railway:
  • Odakyu Odawara Line
• Keio Corporation:
  • Keio Line
  • Keio New Line
• Tokyo Metro:
  • Marunouchi Line
• Toei Subway:
  • Toei Shinjuku Line
  • Toei Ōedo Line

Station facilities

JR East

South exit of JR Shinjuku Station

Yamanote Line platform during the morning rush hour

The west basement hall of Shinjuku station

Station layout

The station is centered around facilities servicing the East Japan Railway Company (JR East) lines. These consist of eight ground-level island platforms (16 tracks) on a north-south axis, connected by two overhead and two underground concourses. Most JR services here are urban and suburban mass transit lines, although JR's long-distance express services to Kōfu and Matsumoto on the Chūō Main Line, Narita Express to Narita Airport, and joint operations with Tobu Railway to Nikkō and Kinugawa Onsen also use this station. The JR section alone handles an average of 1.5 million passengers a day.

Odakyu

West exit of Odakyu Shinjuku Station

The terminus for the private Odakyu Odawara Line is parallel to the JR platforms on the west side, and handles an average of 490,000 passengers daily. This is a major commuter route stretching southwest through the suburbs and out towards the coastal city of Odawara and the mountains of Hakone. The ten platforms are built on two levels beneath the Odakyu department store; three express service tracks (six platforms) on the ground level and two tracks (four platforms) on the level below. Each track has platforms on both sides in order to completely separate boarding and alighting passengers.

Chest-high platform screen doors were added to platforms 4 and 5 in September 2012.^[1]

Ground level

Underground level

Keio

West exit of Keio Shinjuku Station

The Keio Line concourse is located to the west of the Odakyu line concourse, two floors below ground level under Keio department store. It consists of three platforms stretching north to south. Approximately 720,000 passengers use this section daily, which makes it the busiest amongst the non-JR Group railways of Japan. This suburban commuter line links Shinjuku to the city of Hachiōji to the west.^[2] Chest-high platform edge doors were introduced on the Keio Line platforms in March 2014.^[3] The doors are different colours for each platform. The doors on platform 2 are green.^[3]

Toei Subway

Toei Ōedo Line platform

The shared facilities for the Toei Shinjuku subway line and the Keiō New Line consist of two platforms stretching east-west five floors beneath the Kōshū Kaidō avenue to the southwest of the JR section. The concourse is managed by Keio Corporation but is in a separate location to the main Keio platforms. Further south (and deeper underground) are the two north-to-south Toei Ōedo subway line platforms.

Toei Shinjuku Line & Keio New Line

Toei Ōedo Line

Tokyo Metro

Tokyo Metro Marunouchi Line platform

Tokyo Metro's two Marunouchi Line underground platforms stretch east-west to the north of the JR and Odakyu facilities, directly below the Metro Promenade underground mall.

Commercial facilities

East exit of Shinjuku Station

South exit of Shinjuku Station

Many department stores and shopping malls are built directly into the station. These include

• Lumine Est - above JR's east exit
• Odakyu department store - above the Odakyu line concourse
• Odakyu Mylord - above the southern end of Odakyu line concourse
• Lumine 1 shopping mall - above the Keio Line concourse
• Lumine 2 shopping mall - above JR's south and Lumine exits
• Keio Department store - above the Keio Line concourse
• Keio Mall - underground mall to the southwest of the Keio Line concourse
• Odakyu Ace - underground malls beneath the bus terminal by the west exit.

In addition to the above, the Metro Promenade, which is an underground mall owned by Tokyo Metro, extends eastwards from the station beneath Shinjuku-dori avenue, all the way to the adjacent Shinjuku-sanchōme station with 60 exits along the way. The Metro Promenade in turn connects to Shinjuku Subnade, another underground shopping mall, which leads onto Seibu Railway's Seibu-Shinjuku station.

Shinjuku Station is connected by underground passageways and shopping malls to:

• Nishi-Shinjuku Station (Tokyo Metro Marunouchi Line)
• Seibu Shinjuku Station (Seibu Shinjuku Line)
• Shinjuku-nishiguchi Station (Toei Ōedo Line)
• Shinjuku-sanchōme Station (Tokyo Metro Marunouchi Line, Tokyo Metro Fukutoshin Line, and Toei Shinjuku Line)
• Tochōmae Station (Toei Ōedo Line)

Nearby non-connected stations (within 500 meters of an underground passageway or station) include:

• Shinjuku-gyoemmae Station
• Yoyogi station
• Higashi-Shinjuku Station
• Okubo Station
• Shin-Okubo Station
• Minami-Shinjuku Station

Bus terminals

There is a bus terminal at the west exit servicing both local and long-distance buses, and a JR Highway Bus terminal at the New South Gates.

Passenger statistics

The figures below are the official number of passengers entering and exiting each day released by each train operator.

The passenger figures (boarding passengers only) for the JR East (formerly JNR) station in previous years are as shown below.

History

Shinjuku Station in 1925

Shinjuku Station opened in 1885 as a stop on Japan Railway's Akabane-Shinagawa line (now part of the Yamanote Line). Shinjuku was still a quiet community at the time and the station was not heavily trafficked at first. The opening of the Chūō Line (1889), Keiō Line (1915) and Odakyū Line (1923) led to increasing traffic through the station. Subway service began in 1959.

In August 1967, a freight train carrying jet fuel bound for the U.S. air base in Tachikawa derailed and caught fire on the Chūō Rapid tracks.

The station was a major site for student protests in 1968 and 1969, the height of civil unrest in postwar Japan. On October 21, 1968, 290,000 marchers participated in International Anti-War Day taking over Shinjuku station and forcing trains to stop. In May and June, 1969, members of the antiwar group Beheiren carrying guitars and calling themselves "folk guerrillas" led weekly singalongs in the underground plaza outside the west exit of the station, attracting crowds of thousands. Participants described it as a "liberated zone" and a "community of encounter."^[15] In July, riot police cleared the plaza with tear gas and changed signs in the station to read "West Exit Concourse" instead of "West Exit Plaza." The incident represented a significant defeat for public activism in Tokyo.

There have been plans at various points in history to connect Shinjuku into the Shinkansen network, and the 1973 Shinkansen Basic Plan, still in force, specifies that the station should be the southern terminus of the Jōetsu Shinkansen line to Niigata. While construction of the Ōmiya-Shinjuku link never started and the Jōetsu line presently terminates in Tokyo Station, the right of way, including an area underneath the station, remains reserved.

On May 5, 1995, the Aum Shinrikyo doomsday cult attempted a chemical terrorist attack by setting off a cyanide gas device in a toilet in the underground concourse, barely a month after the gas attack on the Tokyo subway which killed 13, left 6,252 people with non-fatal injuries, severely injured 50 people, and caused 984 cases of temporary vision problems. This time the attack was thwarted by staff who extinguished the burning device.

Keiō Shinjuku Station

Keio Shinjuku Oiwake Building, the site of the former terminal

When the Keio Line extended to Shinjuku in 1915, its terminal was located several blocks east of the government railway (presently JR) station. The terminal was first named Shinjuku-Oiwake Station (新宿追分駅) and was on the street near the Isetan department store. In 1927, the station was moved from the street to a newly built terminal adjacent to the original station. The station building housed a department store. The station name was changed to Yotsuya-Shinjuku Station (四谷新宿駅) in 1930 and again to Keiō Shinjuku Station (京王新宿駅) in 1937.

The tracks from the terminal were on the Kōshū Kaidō highway, which crosses the Yamanote Line and the Chūō Line in front of the south entrance of Shinjuku Station by a bridge. The Keiō Line had a station for the access to Shinjuku Station, named Teishajō-mae Station (停車場前駅) and renamed in 1937 Shōsen Shinjuku Ekimae Station (省線新宿駅前駅).

In July 1945, the terminal of the Keiō Line was relocated to the present location, though on the ground level, on the west side of Shinjuku Station. Keiō Shinjuku Station and Shōsen Shinjuku Ekimae Station were closed. This was because the trains faced difficulty in climbing up the slopes of the bridge over the governmental railway after one of the nearby transformer substations was destroyed by an air raid. The site of Keiō Shinjuku Station near Shinjuku-Sanchōme subway station is now occupied by two buildings owned by Keiō: Keiō Shinjuku Sanchōme Building and Keiō Shinjuku Oiwake Building.

Adjacent stations

See also

• List of railway stations in Japan
• Transportation in Greater Tokyo
• Gare du Nord, the busiest railway station outside Japan

Cultural references

The station and other parts of the Toei Ōedo Line are referenced in the Digimon Adventure franchise.^[16][17][18]

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Shinjuku Station.

• JR map of Shinjuku Station
• map of Odakyu Shinjuku Station
• map of Keio Line Shinjuku Station (Japanese)
• map of Keiō New Line Shinjuku Station (Japanese)
• map of Toei Subway Shinjuku Station (Japanese)
• map of Tokyo Metro Shinjuku Station (Japanese)

Coordinates: 35°41′22″N 139°42′01″E / 35.689475°N 139.700349°E / 35.689475; 139.700349

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Keiō Line trains bypass these stations. Stations of the Keiō New Line (Toei Shinjuku Line for Moto-Yawata<<) Shinjuku Hatsudai Hatagaya Sasazuka (>> through to Hashimoto) Stations of the Toei Shinjuku Line (through to Sasazuka, Hashimoto) Shinjuku Shinjuku-sanchōme Akebonobashi Ichigaya Kudanshita Jimbōchō Ogawamachi Iwamotochō Bakuro-yokoyama Hamachō Morishita Kikukawa Sumiyoshi Nishi-ōjima Ōjima Higashi-ōjima Funabori Ichinoe Mizue Shinozaki Motoyawata Stations of the Toei Ōedo Line Tochōmae Shinjuku-nishiguchi Higashi-Shinjuku Wakamatsu-kawada Ushigome-yanagichō Ushigome-kagurazaka Iidabashi Kasuga Hongō-sanchōme Ueno-okachimachi Shin-Okachimachi Kuramae Ryōgoku Morishita Kiyosumi-shirakawa Monzen-Nakachō Tsukishima Kachidoki Tsukijishijō Shiodome Daimon Akabanebashi Azabu-jūban Roppongi Aoyama-itchōme Kokuritsu-kyōgijō Yoyogi Shinjuku Tochōmae Nishi-Shinjuku-gochōme Nakano-sakaue Higashi-Nakano Nakai Ochiai-minami-nagasaki Shin-egota Nerima Toshimaen Nerima-kasugachō Hikarigaoka Stations of the Tokyo Metro Marunouchi Line Ogikubo Minami-Asagaya Shin-Kōenji Higashi-Kōenji Shin-Nakano (Hōnanchō>>) Nakano-sakaue Nishi-Shinjuku Shinjuku Shinjuku-sanchōme Shinjuku-gyoemmae Yotsuya-sanchōme Yotsuya Akasaka-mitsuke Kokkai-gijidō-mae Kasumigaseki Ginza Tokyo Ōtemachi Awajichō Ochanomizu Hongō-sanchōme Kōrakuen Myōgadani Shin-ōtsuka Ikebukuro Hōnanchō Branch Line Hōnanchō Nakano-fujimichō Nakano-shimbashi Nakano-sakaue (>>Shinjuku, Ginza, Ikebukuro) Mass transit in the Greater Tokyo Area Bold indicates major JR lines or non-JR lines that have through service to subways Major JR East lines (Capital Area) Short-distance ■ Yamanote ■ Keihin-Tōhoku - Negishi ■ (Chūō-Sōbu) Local Mid-distance ■ Utsunomiya (Tohoku Main) & Takasaki - ■ Tōkaidō ■ Ueno-Tōkyo ■ Chūō Rapid ■ Yokosuka - Sōbu Rapid ■ Jōban ■ Keiyō ■ Kawagoe (Eastern Section) - Saikyō (Akabane) - Rinkai ■ Shōnan-Shinjuku Tokyo Metro lines Chiyoda Fukutoshin Ginza Hibiya Marunouchi Namboku Tōzai Yūrakuchō Hanzōmon Toei subway lines Asakusa Ōedo Mita Shinjuku Yokohama Municipal Blue Green Other JR East lines (Capital Area) ■ Yokohama ■ Musashino ■ Nambu ■ Sagami ■ Hachikō - Kawagoe (Western Section) ■ Ryōmō ■ Tsurumi Tohoku Direction ■ Karasuyama ■ Nikkō Chuo Direction ■ Chūō Main (mid-distance) ■ Itsukaichi ■ Ōme Sobu Direction ■ Sōbu Main ■ Narita ■ Sotobō ■ Uchibō ■ Tōgane Joban Direction ■ Mito ■ Narita Tokaido Direction ■ Itō ■ Gotemba (JR Central) Keikyu Keikyū Main Airport Daishi Kurihama Zushi Keio Keiō Keiō New Dōbutsuen Keibajō Sagamihara Takao Inokashira Keisei Keisei Main Chiba Chihara Higashi-Narita Kanamachi Oshiage Narita Sky Access Odakyu Odawara Enoshima Tama Seibu Ikebukuro lines ■ Ikebukuro ■ Sayama ■ Seibu Chichibu ■ Seibu Yūrakuchō ■ Toshima Shinjuku Lines ■ Shinjuku ■ Haijima ■ Kokubunji ■ Seibu-en ■ Tamagawa ■ Tamako Sotetsu Sotetsu Main Izumino Tobu Skytree Kameido Daishi Isesaki Sano Koizumi Kiryū Nikkō Kinugawa Utsunomiya Urban Park Tōjō Ogose Tokyu Den-en-toshi Ikegami Meguro Oimachi Tokyu Tamagawa Toyoko Kodomonokuni Other commuter rail lines Hokusō Kantō Jōsō Ryūgasaki Nagareyama Rinkai Saitama Rapid Shibayama Shin-Keisei Tōyō Rapid Tsukuba Express Minatomirai 21 Monorails & light transit Monorails Chiba Monorail Disney Resort Shōnan Monorail Tama Monorail Tokyo Monorail People movers New Shuttle Kanazawa Seaside Nippori-Toneri Yamaguchi Yūkarigaoka Yurikamome Trams Enoden Setagaya Arakawa Hinterland Chichibu Main Line Fujikyuko Line Cable cars and aerial tramways Ōyama Cable Car Hodosan Ropeway (Takao Tozan Railway Mitake Tozan Cable Car ) (Nokogiriyama Ropeway Mount Tsukuba Cable Car Mount Tsukuba Ropeway) Akechidaira Ropeway Ikaho Ropeway Bus Willer Express List of bus operating companies in Japan (east) Public ferries Tokyo-Wan Ferry Tokyo Cruise Ship Tokyo Mizube Line Keihin Ferry Boat The Port Service (Yokohama) Major terminals Rail Akihabara Chiba Hachiōji Ikebukuro Kita-Senju Mito Odawara Ōmiya Ōtemachi Shibuya Shinagawa Shinjuku Tachikawa Tokyo Ueno Yokohama Airports Haneda Narita Chofu Ibaraki Ports Yokohama Tokyo Miscellaneous Shinkansen Smart cards Pasmo Suica Transportation in Greater Tokyo Rail transport in Japan List of named passenger trains of Japan List of through trains in Japan Tokyo subway rolling stock List of Toei Subway stations List of Tokyo Metro stations Construction projects Sōtetsu JR Link Line Japan transit: Tokyo Osaka Nagoya Fukuoka Hakone Fuji Izu Hokkaido Toyama Okayama Shikoku Sendai Hiroden Metro systems Shinkansen trams (list) aerial lifts (list)