Shamkhal Sultan
Shamkhal Kara-Musal Sultan, better simply known as Shamkhal Sultan, was an important Circassian noble of the second half of the 16th century in the Safavid Empire.
Biography
Family
Shamkhal Sultan, alongside his sister Sultan-Agha Khanum, were from a prominent Circassian family from within the Safavid Empire. Sultan-Agha Khanum was married to king Tahmasp I, having one daughter known as Pari Khan Khanum, and a son known as Suleiman Mirza.
Career
Shamkhal Sultan appears prominently on the political scene during the same time as her half-cousin, Pari Khan Khanum, who was born by his sister Sultan-Agha Khanum and king Tahmasp I. He participated actively in Pari Khan Khanum's political designs and acted for a time as her spokesman, and during their presence, the Safavid political sphere was dominated by ethnic Circassians, amongst the other factions that joined Shamkhal Sultan and his cousin.
References
Sources
- Beck, Lois (2003). Nashat, Guity, ed. Women in Iran from the Rise of Islam to 1800. University of Illinois Press. p. 147. ISBN 0252071212.
- Savory, Roger (2007). Iran Under the Safavids. Cambridge University Press. pp. 70–71. ISBN 0521042518.
- Parsadust, Manuchehr (2009). "PARIḴĀN ḴĀNOM". Encyclopaedia Iranica.
- Newman, Andrew J. (2008). Safavid Iran: Rebirth of a Persian Empire. I.B.Tauris. pp. 1–281. ISBN 9780857716613.
- Savory, Roger (2007). Iran under the Safavids. Cambridge University Press. pp. 1–288. ISBN 0521042518.
- Roemer, H.R. (1986). "The Safavid period". The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 5: The Timurid and Safavid periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 189–351. ISBN 9780521200943.