Nasal septum

Nasal septum

Bones and cartilages of septum of nose. Right side.
Details
Artery Anterior ethmoidal
posterior ethmoidal
sphenopalatine
greater palatine
branch of superior labial[1]
Nerve Anterior ethmoidal
nasopalatine nerves[1]
Identifiers
Latin Septum nasi
MeSH A02.165.407.600
Dorlands
/Elsevier		 s_08/12730490
TA A06.1.02.004
FMA 54375

Anatomical terminology

The nasal septum separates the left and right airways in the nose, dividing the two nostrils.

It is depressed by the depressor septi nasi muscle.

Structure

The fleshy external end of the nasal septum is sometimes also called columella. The nasal septum contains bone and hyaline cartilage.[2]

The nasal septum is composed of five structures:

Development

Vomer of infant.

At an early period the septum of the nose consists of a plate of cartilage, the ethmovomerine cartilage.

The postero-superior part of this cartilage is ossified to form the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid; its antero-inferior portion persists as the septal cartilage, while the vomer is ossified in the membrane covering its postero-inferior part.

Two ossification centers, one on either side of the middle line, appear about the eighth week of fetal life in this part of the membrane, and hence the vomer consists primarily of two lamellae.

About the third month these unite below, and thus a deep groove is formed in which the cartilage is lodged.

As growth proceeds, the union of the lamellae extends upward and forward, and at the same time the intervening plate of cartilage undergoes absorption.

By the onset of puberty the lamellae are almost completely united to form a median plate, but evidence of the bilaminar origin of the bone is seen in the everted alae of its upper border and the groove on its anterior margin.

Clinical significance

The nasal septum can depart from the centre line of the nose in a condition that is known as a deviated septum caused by trauma. However, it is normal to have a slight deviation to one side. The septum generally stays in the midline until about the age of seven, at which point it will frequently deviate to the right.

A perforated nasal septum can be caused by an ulcer, trauma due to an inserted object, long-term exposure to welding fumes,[3] or cocaine use. There is a procedure that can be of help to those suffering from perforated septum. A silicone button can be inserted in the hole to close the open sore. An operation to the nasal septum is known as a septoplasty.

The nasal septum can be affected by both benign (fibroma, inflammatory hemangioma of the nasal septum—"bleeding polyp" etc.) and malignant tumors (squamous cell carcinoma, esthesioneuroblastoma etc.)

Cosmetic procedures

The inferior part of the nasal septum can be pierced, usually through the soft tissue but the piercing can also transverse (partially) the cartilage of the septum.

Additional images

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Nasal septum.
This article uses anatomical terminology; for an overview, see Anatomical terminology.

References

This article incorporates text in the public domain from the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)

  1. 1 2 lesson9 at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University)
  2. ↑ Saladin, Kenneth S. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology (6th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw Hill. p. 856. ISBN 9780073378251.
  3. ↑ Lee, Choong Ryeol; Yoo, Cheol In; Lee, Ji Ho; Kang, Seong Kyu (2002). "Nasal Septum Perforation of Welders". Journal of Industrial Health 40 (3): 286–289. doi:10.2486/indhealth.40.286.

External links

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