September 1938
The following events occurred in September 1938:
- Elections were held in the Sanjak of Alexandretta. Turkish candidates won 22 of 40 seats, creating the conditions for the declaration of a new Turkish-aligned state.[5]
- Italy ordered Jewish teachers, officials and students excluded from state schools. Some students who had already begun their studies were exempt from the new law under special circumstances.[6]
- Born: Clarence Felder, actor, in St. Matthews, South Carolina; Giuliano Gemma, actor, in Rome, Italy (d. 2013)
- Died: Walter Schott, 76, German sculptor
- In Chile, rebels associated with Nazi Germany launched a failed coup attempt.[5]
- The annual Nuremberg Rally began in Germany. This would be the last Nazi Party Congress ever held.[9]
- The Soviet drama film Professor Mamlock premiered in the USSR.
- Hatay State was created in the territory of the Sanjak of Alexandretta of the French Mandate of Syria.
- On instructions from Hitler, Konrad Henlein broke off negotiations with the Czech government. Allegations of Czech police brutality at Moravská Ostrava were used as an excuse.[11]
- A famously controversial editorial appeared in The Times which recommended giving Hitler what he wanted because "the advantages to Czechoslovakia of becoming a homogenous State might conceivably outweigh the obvious disadvantages of losing the Sudeten German districts of the borderland."[7]
- Died: William Henry Singleton, 95, American slave, soldier and Christian minister
- Hitler made a bombastic speech in Nuremberg declaring that the oppression of Sudeten Germans must end.[16] The speech was broadcast live to the United States by CBS Radio and was the first time that many Americans had ever heard Hitler speak.[17]
- The British cabinet held a meeting almost as soon as Hitler was finished speaking. They were relieved that Hitler had only demanded "justice" for Sudeten Germans and had not committed himself to war.[7]
- BBC Television showed a film for the first time, Man of the Moment.[18]
- The Czechoslovakian government announced that the Sudeten revolt had been put down.[19]
- The Graf Zeppelin II had its first flight.
- Neville Chamberlain reported to the Cabinet on his meeting with Hitler, informing its members of his belief that a settlement of the Sudeten matter would satisfy Hitler's aims.[23]
- Born: LeeRoy Yarbrough, racing driver, in Jacksonville, Florida (d. 1984)
- Died: Bruno Jasieński, 37, Polish poet (executed in the Soviet Union)
- The British and French representatives in Prague presented the Anglo-French proposal to allow the Sudetenland to be annexed.[11]
- Died: Pauline Frederick, 55, American actress (asthma attack)
- The Czechoslovak government rejected the Anglo-French proposal in a note explaining that acceptance would mean that Czechoslovakia would be put "sooner or later under the complete domination of Germany."[11]
- Hitler met with the Polish ambassador Józef Lipski and told him that Germany would support Poland in a conflict with Czechoslovakia over Teschen.[25] Hitler also said he was considering shipping Europe's Jews to a colony and expressed hope that Poland would cooperate with such a plan. Lipski replied that if Hitler could solve the Jewish question, the Poles would build a monument to him in Warsaw.[26]
- The Czechoslovakian government resigned. Jan Syrový became the new Prime Minister.[10]
- Neville Chamberlain returned to Germany and met with Hitler again for two days at Bad Godesberg. Hitler was much more bellicose than before and demanded to occupy the Sudetenland by October 1 with all of the region's military equipment left intact.[5][20][28]
- Born: Gene Mingo, American football player, in Akron, Ohio
- Czechoslovakia rejected Hitler's latest demands from Godesburg as "an ultimatum given to a defeated nation, not a sovereign one."[29]
- Born: Jonathan Motzfeldt, 1st Prime Minister of Greenland, in Qassimiut (d. 2010)
- Died: Paul Olaf Bodding, 72, Norwegian missionary, linguist and folklorist
- In the Berlin Sportpalast, Hitler made a speech threatening Czechoslovakia with war. "My patience is exhausted", Hitler declared. "If Beneš does not want peace we will have to take matters into our own hands."[30]
- 68 were killed in a train crash in Barcelona.[18]
- The French government announced that France would not enter a war purely over Czechoslovakia. Neville Chamberlain gave a radio address saying, "However much we may sympathize with a small nation confronted by a big and powerful neighbor, we cannot in all circumstances undertake to involve the whole British Empire in a war simply on her account. If we have to fight it must be on larger issues than that."[29]
- The League of Nations identified Japan as the aggressor in the Second Sino-Japanese War and invited its members to support China.[10]
- Munich Agreement: At 1 a.m., the four powers at Munich agreed that Czechoslovakia would cede the Sudetenland to Germany by October 10. The territorial integrity of the rest of Czechoslovakia was guaranteed by all signatories.[10]
- Neville Chamberlain flew back to Britain and declared "peace for our time".
References
- ↑ "Expel All Jews Who Moved to Italy Since '19". Chicago Daily Tribune. September 2, 1938. p. 1.
- ↑ Schultz, Sigrid (September 2, 1938). "Czechs Face New Demands". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
- ↑ "Church Menaced by Nazis". Chicago Daily Tribune. October 14, 1938. p. 1.
- ↑ "A World Premiere of World Importance! (Advertisement)". Film Daily (New York: Wid's Films and Film Folk, Inc.). August 25, 1938. pp. 8–9.
- 1 2 3 4 5 "Chronology 1938". indiana.edu. 2002. Retrieved September 19, 2015.
- ↑ "Il Duce Orders Jews Barred from Schools". Chicago Daily Tribune. September 3, 1938. p. 2.
- 1 2 3 Faber, David (2008). Munich, 1938: Appeasement and World War II. New York: Simon & Schuster. pp. 246–247, 253, 267–268. ISBN 9781439149928.
- ↑ Grasso, John; Mallon, Bill; Heijmans, Jeroen (2015). Historical Dictionary of the Olympic Movement. Rowman & Littlefield. p. xxxiv. ISBN 9781442248601.
- ↑ Schultz, Sigrid (September 6, 1938). "600,000 Nazis Go Wils as Hitler Reaches Rally". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 3.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 "1938". MusicAndHistory. Retrieved September 19, 2015.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Shirer, William L. (2011). The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich: A History of Nazi Germany. New York: Simon & Schuster. pp. 383–384, 389. ISBN 9781451651683.
- ↑ Small, Alex (September 9, 1938). "Nazis United All Minorities to Resist Czechs". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
- ↑ Edwards, Willard (September 10, 1938). "President Fires New Broadside at Newspapers". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 6.
- ↑ "Lou Boudreau". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved September 19, 2015.
- ↑ "Benes Radios Peace Appeal". Brooklyn Eagle (Brooklyn). September 11, 1938. p. 1.
- 1 2 3 Churchill, Winston (2013). Into Battle. New York: Rosetta Books. ISBN 9780795329463.
- ↑ Cashman, Sean Dennis (1989). America in the Twenties and Thirties: The Olympian Age of Franklin Delano Roosevelt. New York University. p. 555. ISBN 9780814714133.
- 1 2 Mercer, Derrik, ed. (1989). Chronicle of the 20th Century. London: Chronicle Communications Ltd. p. 500. ISBN 9-780582-039193.
- ↑ "Troops Suppress Sudeten German Rebellion After Day of Fighting". Chicago Daily Tribune. September 15, 1938. p. 1.
- 1 2 Lewis, John David (2010). Nothing Less than Victory: Decisive Wars and the Lessons of History. Princeton University Press. pp. 224–225. ISBN 9781400834303.
- ↑ "Sept. 15 1938: Brothers Lloyd and Paul Wanter hit...". Chicago Tribune. September 15, 2002. Retrieved September 19, 2015.
- ↑ Perkins, Owen (April 24, 2013). "Uptons hit back-to-back jacks, a rare feat for brothers". MLB.com. Retrieved September 19, 2015.
- ↑ McDonough, Frank (1998). Neville Chamberlain, Appeasement, and the British Road to War. Manchester University Press. p. 64. ISBN 9780719048326.
- ↑ "Yanks Lose 2, but Capture A. L. Pennant". Chicago Daily Tribune. September 19, 1938. p. 19.
- ↑ Boone, J. C. (2008). Hitler at the Obersalzberg. Xlibris. p. 105. ISBN 9781462813537.
- ↑ Nicosia, Francis R. (2000). The Third Reich and the Palestine Question. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction Publishers. p. 166. ISBN 9780765806246.
- ↑ "You Never Know". Playbill Vault. Retrieved September 19, 2015.
- ↑ Tucker, Spencer C. (2010). A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, LLC. p. 1879. ISBN 9781851096725.
- 1 2 Cabada, Cabada; Waisová, Šárka (2011). Czechoslovakia and the Czech Republic in World Politics. Lexington Books. p. 39. ISBN 9780739167335.
- ↑ Schultz, Sigrid (September 27, 1938). "Dictator in Fiery Speech Says He Will Fight". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.