Sfântu Gheorghe
| Sfântu Gheorghe Sepsiszentgyörgy | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| County capital | |||
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Fortified church | |||
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  Sfântu Gheorghe Location of Sfântu Gheorghe | |||
| Coordinates: 45°51′49″N 25°47′15″E / 45.86361°N 25.78750°ECoordinates: 45°51′49″N 25°47′15″E / 45.86361°N 25.78750°E | |||
| Country |
 Romania | ||
| County | Covasna County | ||
| Status | County capital | ||
| Government | |||
| • Mayor | Árpád Antal (from Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania) | ||
| Population (2011) | |||
| • Total | 54,312 | ||
| Ethnicity[1] | |||
| • Hungarians | 76.91% | ||
| • Romanians | 21.95% | ||
| • Gypsies | 0.77% | ||
| Language | |||
| • Hungarian | 76.58% | ||
| • Romanian | 23.08% | ||
| • Gypsy | 0.04% | ||
| Time zone | EET (UTC+2) | ||
| • Summer (DST) | EEST (UTC+3) | ||
| Website | http://www.sfantugheorgheinfo.ro/ | ||
Sfântu Gheorghe (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈsfɨntu ˈɡe̯orɡe]; Hungarian: Sepsiszentgyörgy or Szentgyörgy, Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈʃɛpʃisɛnɟørɟ]; Yiddish: סנט דשזארדזש) is the capital city of Covasna County, Romania. Located in the central part of the country and in the historical region of Transylvania, it lies on the Olt River in a valley between the Baraolt Mountains and Bodoc Mountains. The city administers two villages, Chilieni (Kilyén) and Coşeni (Szotyor).
Demographics
| Historical population | ||
|---|---|---|
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1912 | 8,665 | — |
| 1930 | 10,818 | +24.8% |
| 1948 | 14,224 | +31.5% |
| 1956 | 17,638 | +24.0% |
| 1966 | 20,768 | +17.7% |
| 1977 | 40,804 | +96.5% |
| 1992 | 68,359 | +67.5% |
| 2002 | 61,512 | −10.0% |
| 2011 | 54,312 | −11.7% |
| Source: Census data | ||
The majority of the city's inhabitants are Hungarians. In the census of 2011, 41,770 (77%) of the city's 54,312 inhabitants classed themselves as ethnic Hungarians, 11,921 (22%) as Romanians, 420 (0.8%) as Roma, and 201 as "others."
History
Sfântu Gheorghe is one of the oldest cities in Transylvania, the settlement first having been documented in 1332. The city takes it name from Saint George, the patron of the local church. Historically it was also known in German as Sankt Georgen. The "sepsi" prefix (sebesi → sepsi, meaning "of Sebes") refers to the area which the ancestors of the local Székely population had inhabited before settling to the area of the town. The previous area of their settlement was around the town of "Sebes" (now: Sebeş) which later became populated mainly by Transylvanian Saxons.
While part of the Kingdom of Hungary, the city was the economic and administrative center of the Hungarian county of Háromszék, which spanned the present-day Covasna County and parts of Braşov County. In the second half of the 19th century, Sepsiszentgyörgy witnessed the development of light industry, namely a textile and a cigarette factory was built. It became part of the Kingdom of Romania following the Treaty of Trianon in 1920, after the end of World War I. After the Second Vienna Award in 1940 the city came under Hungarian control for four years. Near the end of that period, the Sfântu Gheorghe ghetto briefly existed in the city. At the end of the Second World War the Paris Peace Treaties reaffirmed the city and the entirety of Transylvania as a Romanian territory. Between 1952-1960 it was the southernmost town of the Magyar Autonomous Region, and between 1960-1968 was part of the Braşov Region, abolished in 1968 when Romania was reorganised based on counties rather than regions.
Sfântu Gheorghe is one of the centres for the Székely people in the region known to them as Székelyföld in Hungarian - which means "Székely Land", and is home to the Székely National Museum. The city hosts two market fairs each year.
Sights
- Fortified Church - constructed in the 14th century in the Gothic style
- State Archive, the former headquarters of the Hussar battalions
- County library constructed in 1832 as the seat of the county council
- Theater used from 1854–1866 as the city hall
- The market bazaar built in 1868, with a clock tower built in 1893
Economy
The predominant industry in the city is the textile industry. The city holds underutilized production capabilities such as a downsized automobile transmission parts and gearboxes factory (IMASA SA) and a tobacco factory (TIGARETE SA). At the time of its closing SA was the last place where they produced iconic Romanian cigarette brands such as "Carpati", "Snagov" or "Marasesti".
Services sector contains growing areas such as IT services with ROMARG SRL the leading domain registrar and web hosting provider in Romania having its headquarters here.[2]
Sports
The city has a women basketball team called LMK Sepsi BC (official name: C.S.S. Liceul Mikes Kelemen BC Sepsi Sfântu Gheorghe, formerly C.S.S. Liceul Mikes Kelemen Sfântu Gheorghe)
- In the 2007/2008 season the team has finished in the 2nd place in the regular season, and lost the final (2-3) against BC ICIM Arad, but they win the Romanian Cup.
- In the 2008/2009 season the team finished in the 3rd position after the regular season and they lost in the final (0-3) against MCM Târgoviste.
- In the 2008/2009 season LMK Sepsi BC played in the FIBA EuroCup Women. In the EuroCup Women 2008-09, the team was drawn in Group B with Dynamo Kursk (Russia), Bnot Hasharon (Israel) and Challes-les-Eaux (France). They finished in the 3rd place with 3 wins and 3 losts. In the Sixteenth-Finals they meet Cras Basket Taranto (Italy) and they lost the both games.
- LMK Sepsi BC participates in EuroCup Women 2009-10 and was drawn in Group G with Dynamo Moscow, Hapoel Hatikva Tel-Aviv and Dunav Econt Rousse. They finished in the 3rd place with 2 wins and 4 defeats. In the Sixteenth-Finals they met Mann Filter Zaragoza and they lost the both games.
- In the 2009/2010 season the team finished in the 2nd position after the regular season, but they lost in the semifinals of the play-off against BC ICIM Univ. Vasile Goldis Arad (1-2). They finished in the 3rd place beating CSM Satu Mare (2-0) and they won the bronze medals in the Romanian Championship and in the Romanian Cup too.
- In the 2010/2011 season the team finished in the 3rd position after the regular season, they lost in the semifinals of the play-off against BC ICIM Univ. Vasile Goldis Arad (1-2). They finished in the 3rd place beating BCM Danzio Timisoara (2-0) and they won the bronze medals in the Romanian Championship and in the Romanian Cup too.
The city also has a futsal team which plays in the Romanian First Division. The name of the team is Futsal Club Sfântu Gheorghe (Sepsiszentgyörgyi Futsal Club).
Culture
The Hungarian artist Jenő Gyárfás was born there and was a lifelong resident. His former studio is now an art gallery and exhibition hall.[3]
Education
- Székely Mikó High School
- Mikes Kelemen High School
- Mihai Viteazul National College
- Plugor Sandor Art High School
References
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