Selly Oak (ward)

Selly Oak Ward
Population 25,885 (2011.Ward)[1]
DistrictCity of Birmingham
Ceremonial countyWest Midlands
RegionWest Midlands
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
EU Parliament West Midlands
UK ParliamentBirmingham Selly Oak
CouncillorsChangese Khan (Labour)
Brigid Jones (Labour)
Karen McCarthy (Labour)
List of places
UK
England
West Midlands

The Selly Oak local council ward is one of the 40 electoral wards for the City of Birmingham, England. It is also one of the four wards that make up the local council constituency of Selly Oak, the other three being the wards of Billesley, Bournville and Brandwood.

Description

The Selly Oak ward covers an area of south Birmingham, and includes not only the suburb of Selly Oak but also the adjoining districts of Bournbrook, Selly Park and Ten Acres, together with a small part of the Stirchley area.

Demographics (from the census of 2001)

The 2001 Population Census recorded that 25,792 people were living in the Selly Oak ward, with a population density of 4,236 people per km² compared with 3,649 people per km² for Birmingham. The ward has a below-average percentage of ethnic minorities, with only 15.9% of the population consisting of ethnic minorities compared with 29.6% for Birmingham in general.

History

The ward came into existence in 1911 when the boundaries of the City of Birmingham were extended as a result of the Greater Birmingham Act, and when the number of electoral wards in the City was extended from 18 to 30. At that stage three councillors were elected for the Ward, whereas in subsequent years there have been single elections. The area had previously been part of the Parish of Northfield, and originally in north Worcestershire. It was created by the union of two former electoral wards of the King's Norton and Northfield urban district, namely the Selly Oak (East) Ward, covering the districts of Bournbrook, Selly Park and Ten Acres, and the Selly Oak (West) Ward, covering Selly Oak itself and part of the district of Bournville).

Parliamentary representation

Under the Representation of the People Act 1918 the wards of Selly Oak and Northfield, together with that "part of King's Norton Ward which is not included in the Moseley Division" were to form the Parliamentary constituency of King's Norton.[2] Selly Oak ward remained within the King's Norton constituency until boundary alterations provided for in the 1948 Representation of the People Act placed it, and the Northfield ward, in the newly constituted Parliamentary constituency of Northfield in 1950.[3] Further boundary changes led to the creation of a distinct Selly Oak Parliamentary constituency in 1955, in which the ward of Selly Oak has since remained.

Politics

In 2012 the ward was served by three councillors on Birmingham City Council: David Radcliffe, of the Liberal Democrats, and Brigid Jones and Karen McCarthy of the Labour Party. Brigid Jones is also Birmingham City Council's Cabinet Member for Children and Family Services. The Ward has also adopted a Ward Support Officer, the current holder of the post being Marcia Greenwood.

Election results

2010s

May 2015 Electorate
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Brigid Jones 4,160 42.5% %
Conservative Monica Catherine Hardie 2225 22.7% %
Liberal Democrat Colin Green 1484 15.2% %
Green Joe Rooney 1189 12.2% %
UKIP Sylvia Tempest-Jones 602 6.2% %
TUSC Keturah Prendergast 122 1.2% %
Turnout 9782
Labour hold Swing
22 May 2014 [4]

Electorate

Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Changese Khan 1,684 32% -12%
Liberal Democrat David Stephen Radcliffe 1609 31% -1%
Green Joe Rooney 711 14% +7%
Conservative Monica Catherine Hardie 687 13% +1%
UKIP Peter James Derek Hughes 498 10% +6%
Turnout 5189
Labour gain from Liberal Democrat Swing
3 May 2012[5]

Electorate

Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Co-op Karen Teresa McCathy 1,833 44% 0%
Liberal Democrat Alistair Dow* 1,332 32% +7%
Conservative Monica Catherine Hardie 509 12% -6%
Green David Toke 271 7% -3%
UKIP Robin Anthony Norton 179 4% -1%
Turnout 4,144
Labour gain from Liberal Democrat Swing
5 May 2011[6]

Electorate 19,167

Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Brigid Jones 2,855 44% +1%
Liberal Democrat Robert Ian Wright* 1,633 25% -4%
Conservative Owen Vaughan Williams 1,170 18% -3%
Green Charlene Bale 597 9% +5%
UKIP Peter Derek Hughes 230 3.36%
Turnout 6,566 34.20%
Labour gain from Liberal Democrat Swing
6 May 2010[7]

Electorate 19,037

Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Democrat David Stephen Radcliffe 4,536 43% 0%
Labour Brigid Jones 3,142 29% +2%
Conservative Andrew David Hardie 2,214 21% +1%
Green James Burn 453 4% -3%
BNP Zane Leon Patchell 230 2% -2%
Christian Peoples David John Booth 80 1%
Majority
Turnout
Liberal Democrat hold Swing

2000s

1 May 2008[8]

Electorate 18,470

Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Democrat Alistair Dow 1,948 42.20%
Labour David Owen Williams 1,274 27.60%
Conservative Andrew David Hardie 889 19.26%
Green Peter James Tinsley 319 6.91%
BNP Trevor John Shearer 176 3.81%
Majority 674 24.60%
Turnout 4,626 24.99%
Liberal Democrat hold Swing
3 May 2007[9]

Electorate ?

Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Democrat Robert Ian Wright 2,081 %
Labour David Owen Williams 1,620 %
Conservative Andrew David Hardie 956 %
Green Peter James Tinsley 546 %
BNP Jeffrey Cahill 230 %
Majority %
Turnout
Liberal Democrat hold Swing
4 May 2006

Electorate
Turnout %,

Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative %
Labour %
Liberal Democrat %
Independent %
Majority %
Labour gain from Liberal Democrat Swing
Conservative hold Swing
5 May 2005

Electorate
Turnout %,

Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative %
Labour %
Liberal Democrat %
Independent %
Majority %
Labour gain from Liberal Democrat Swing
Conservative hold Swing
6 May 2004

Electorate
Turnout %,

Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative %
Labour %
Liberal Democrat %
Independent %
Majority %
Labour gain from Liberal Democrat Swing
Conservative hold Swing
1 May 2003[10]

Electorate 21,876

Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Democrat C. Dow 2,459 40.6%
Labour D. Williams* 2,232 36.9%
Conservative I. Hussain 922 15.2%
Green B. Smith 443 7.3%
Majority 3.7%
Turnout 27.8%
Liberal Democrat gain from Labour Swing
2 May 2002[11]

Electorate 21,967

Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour A. Coulson* 2,690 40.8%
Liberal Democrat C. Dow 2,308 35.0%
Conservative P. Hawtin 1,201 18.2%
Green B. Smith 395 6.0%
Majority 5.8%
Turnout 30.2%
Labour hold Swing
7 June 2001

Electorate
Turnout %,

Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative %
Labour %
Liberal Democrat %
Independent %
Majority %
Labour gain from Liberal Democrat Swing
Conservative hold Swing
4 May 2000

Electorate
Turnout %,

Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative %
Labour %
Liberal Democrat %
Independent %
Majority %
Labour gain from Liberal Democrat Swing
Conservative hold Swing

1990s

6 May 1999

Electorate
Turnout %,

Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative %
Labour %
Liberal Democrat %
Independent %
Majority %
Labour gain from Liberal Democrat Swing
Conservative hold Swing
7 May 1998

Electorate
Turnout %,

Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative %
Labour %
Liberal Democrat %
Independent %
Majority %
Labour gain from Liberal Democrat Swing
Conservative hold Swing
1 May 1997

Electorate
Turnout %,

Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative %
Labour %
Liberal Democrat %
Independent %
Majority %
Labour gain from Liberal Democrat Swing
Conservative hold Swing
2 May 1996

Electorate
Turnout %,

Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative %
Labour %
Liberal Democrat %
Independent %
Majority %
Labour gain from Liberal Democrat Swing
Conservative hold Swing
4 May 1995

Electorate
Turnout %,

Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative %
Labour %
Liberal Democrat %
Independent %
Majority %
Labour gain from Liberal Democrat Swing
Conservative hold Swing
5 May 1994

Electorate
Turnout %,

Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative %
Labour %
Liberal Democrat %
Independent %
Majority %
Labour gain from Liberal Democrat Swing
Conservative hold Swing
6 May 1993

Electorate
Turnout %,

Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative %
Labour %
Liberal Democrat %
Independent %
Majority %
Labour gain from Liberal Democrat Swing
Conservative hold Swing
7 May 1992

Electorate
Turnout %,

Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative %
Labour %
Liberal Democrat %
Independent %
Majority %
Labour gain from Liberal Democrat Swing
Conservative hold Swing
2 May 1991

Electorate
Turnout %,

Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative %
Labour %
Liberal Democrat %
Independent %
Majority %
Labour gain from Liberal Democrat Swing
Conservative hold Swing
3 May 1990

Electorate
Turnout %,

Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative %
Labour %
Liberal Democrat %
Independent %
Majority %
Labour gain from Liberal Democrat Swing
Conservative hold Swing

1980s

4 May 1989

Electorate
Turnout %,

Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative %
Labour %
Liberal Democrat %
Independent %
Majority %
Labour gain from Liberal Democrat Swing
Conservative hold Swing
5 May 1988

Electorate
Turnout %,

Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative %
Labour %
Liberal Democrat %
Independent %
Majority %
Labour gain from Liberal Democrat Swing
Conservative hold Swing
7 May 1987

Electorate
Turnout %,

Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative %
Labour %
Liberal %
Independent %
Majority %
Labour gain from Liberal Swing
Conservative hold Swing
1 May 1986

Electorate
Turnout %,

Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative %
Labour %
Liberal %
Independent %
Majority %
Labour gain from Liberal Swing
Conservative hold Swing
2 May 1985

Electorate
Turnout %,

Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative %
Labour %
Liberal %
Independent %
Majority %
Labour gain from Liberal Swing
Conservative hold Swing
3 May 1984

Electorate
Turnout %,

Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative %
Labour %
Liberal %
Independent %
Majority %
Labour gain from Liberal Swing
Conservative hold Swing
5 May 1983

Electorate
Turnout %,

Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative %
Labour %
Liberal %
Independent %
Majority %
Labour gain from Liberal Swing
Conservative hold Swing
6 May 1982

Electorate
Turnout %,

Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative %
Labour %
Liberal %
Independent %
Majority %
Labour gain from Liberal Swing
Conservative hold Swing
7 May 1981

Electorate
Turnout %,

Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative %
Labour %
Liberal %
Independent %
Majority %
Labour gain from Liberal Swing
Conservative hold Swing
1 May 1980

Electorate
Turnout %,

Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative %
Labour %
Liberal %
Independent %
Majority %
Labour gain from Liberal Swing
Conservative hold Swing

1970s

3 May 1979

Electorate
Turnout %,

Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative %
Labour %
Liberal %
Independent %
Majority %
Labour gain from Liberal Swing
Conservative hold Swing
4 May 1978

Electorate
Turnout %,

Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative %
Labour %
Liberal %
Independent %
Majority %
Labour gain from Liberal Swing
Conservative hold Swing
5 May 1977

Electorate
Turnout %,

Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative %
Labour %
Liberal %
Independent %
Majority %
Labour gain from Liberal Swing
Conservative hold Swing
6 May 1976

Electorate
Turnout %,

Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative %
Labour %
Liberal %
Independent %
Majority %
Labour gain from Liberal Swing
Conservative hold Swing
1 May 1975

Electorate
Turnout %,

Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative %
Labour %
Liberal %
Independent %
Majority %
Labour gain from Liberal Swing
Conservative hold Swing
2 May 1974

Electorate
Turnout %,

Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative %
Labour %
Liberal %
Independent %
Majority %
Labour gain from Liberal Swing
Conservative hold Swing
3 May 1973

Electorate
Turnout %,

Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative %
Labour %
Liberal %
Independent %
Majority %
Labour gain from Liberal Swing
Conservative hold Swing
4 May 1972

Electorate
Turnout %,

Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative %
Labour %
Liberal %
Independent %
Majority %
Labour gain from Liberal Swing
Conservative hold Swing
13 May 1971

Electorate
Turnout %,

Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative %
Labour %
Liberal %
Independent %
Majority %
Labour gain from Liberal Swing
Conservative hold Swing
7 May 1970

Electorate
Turnout %,

Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative %
Labour %
Liberal %
Independent %
Majority %
Labour gain from Liberal Swing
Conservative hold Swing

1960s

8 May 1969

Electorate
Turnout %,

Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative %
Labour %
Liberal %
Independent %
Majority %
Turnout
Labour gain from Liberal Swing
Conservative hold Swing
9 May 1968

Electorate
Turnout %,

Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative %
Labour %
Liberal %
Independent %
Majority %
Turnout
Labour gain from Liberal Swing
Conservative hold Swing
11 May 1967

Electorate
Turnout %,

Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative %
Labour %
Liberal %
Independent %
Majority %
Turnout
Labour gain from Liberal Swing
Conservative hold Swing
12 May 1966

Electorate 18,726

Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Robert James Berrow 4,248 56.74%
Labour James Cheshire 2,015 26.91%
Liberal Dr Ruth Lewthwaite 964 12.88%
Communist John H. Bennett 260 3.47%
Majority 2,233 29.83%
Turnout 39.98%
Conservative hold Swing 3.11%
13 May 1965[12]

Electorate 18,918

Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Donald Gordon Lewis* 4,761 59.62%
Labour James Cheshire 1,882 23.57%
Liberal Dr Ruth Lewthwaite 1,111 13.91%
Communist John H. Bennett 231 2.89%
Majority 2,879 36.05%
Turnout 42.21%
Conservative hold Swing 12.66%
7 May 1964[13]

Electorate 19,019

Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Clifford Huxtable* 4,340 48.98%
Labour Kenneth A. King 3,389 38.25%
Liberal Mrs Joan Maureen Harvey 1,000 11.29%
Communist John Bennett 131 1.48%
Majority 951 10.73%
Turnout 46.58%
Conservative hold Swing 1.15%
9 May 1963[14]

Electorate 19,172

Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Horace Sydney Goodby 3,792 42.61%
Labour James J. Loach 3,041 34.17%
Liberal Mrs Joan Maureen Harvey 1,873 21.05%
Communist John Bennett 193 2.17%
Majority 751 8.44%
Turnout 46.42%
Conservative hold Swing 3.81%
10 May 1962[15]

Electorate 19,349

Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Donald Gordon Lewis* 3.957 45.14%
Labour Brian Malcolm Chambers 2,550 29.09%
Liberal Mrs Joan Maureen Harvey 2,033 23.19%
Communist John Bennett 227 2.59%
Majority 1,407 16.05%
Turnout 45.31%
Conservative hold Swing ?
11 May 1961[16]

Electorate 21,111

Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Clifford Huxtable* 5,159 55.57%
Labour Mrs Shelia Joyce Mackenzie 2,790 30.05%
Liberal Lionel A. King 1,335 14.38%
Majority 2,369 25.52%
Turnout 43.98%
Conservative hold Swing 0.95%
12 May 1960[17]

Electorate 21,177

Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Harry Glanvill 5,217 56.47%
Labour Mrs Sheila Joyce Mackenzie 2,703 29.26%
Liberal Mrs Joan Margaret Winter 1,318 14.27%
Majority 2,424 27.41%
Turnout 43.62%
Conservative hold Swing 7.06%

1950s

14 May 1959[18]

Electorate 21,369

Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Donald Gordon Lewis 6,234 56.65%
Labour William Joseph Somerville Pringle 4,770 43.35%
Majority 1,464 13.30%
Turnout 51.50%
Conservative gain from Labour Swing 3.50%
8 May 1958[19]

Electorate 21,387

Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Clifford Huxtable 5,582 53.15%
Labour Miss Elizabeth MacDonald 4,920 46.85%
Majority 662 6.30%
Turnout 49.10%
Conservative hold Swing 3.90%
9 May 1957[20]

Electorate 21,769

Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Edward Hinbest Richardson* 6,037 57.05%
Labour Albert Henry Bennett 4,545 42.95%
Majority 1,492 14.10%
Turnout 48.61%
Conservative hold Swing 8.78%
10 May 1956[21]

Electorate 22,139

Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Mrs Florence Ellen Hammond 5,569 51.73%
Conservative Clifford Huxtable 5,196 48.27%
Majority 371 3.46%
Turnout 48.62%
Labour gain from Conservative Swing 7.09%
12 May 1955[22]

Electorate 22,372

Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative William Joseph Lygo 6,506 53.52%
Labour Mrs Florence Ellen Hammond* 5,203 42.80%
Liberal Maurice Walter King 447 3.68%
Majority 1,303 10.72%
Turnout 54.34%
Conservative gain from Labour Swing 1.36%
13 May 1954[23]

Electorate 22,529

Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Edward Hinbest Richardson* 6,409 56.72%
Labour Frederick Herbert Carr Reed 4,890 43.28%
Majority 1,519 13.44%
Turnout 50.15%
Conservative hold Swing 2.51%
7 May 1953[24]

Electorate 22,857

Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Harold Edward Gurden* 6,610 54.21%
Labour Frederick Herbert Carr Reed 5,584 45.79%
Majority 1,026 8.42%
Turnout 53.35%
Conservative hold Swing 8.72%
8 May 1952[25]

Electorate 23,048

Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Mrs Florence Ellen Hammond 7,200 54.51%
Conservative Edward Adnett Southam* 6,009 45.49%
Majority 1,191 9.02%
Turnout 57.31%
Labour gain from Conservative Swing 16.36%
10 May 1951[26]

Electorate 23,192

Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Edward Hinbest Rinbest* 7,430 61.85%
Labour William Henry Wiggins 4,582 38.15%
Majority 2,848 23.70%
Turnout 51.79%
Conservative hold Swing 5.21%
11 May 1950[27]

Electorate 23,261

Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Harold Edward Gurden* 7,066 56.64%
Labour John Thomas Bolas 5,409 43.36%
Majority 1,657 13.28%
Turnout 53.63%
Conservative hold Swing 0.54%

1940s

12 May 1949[28]

Electorate 24,393

Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Edward Adnett Southam 8,102 56.10%
Labour Mrs Florence Ellen Hammond* 6,340 43.90%
Majority 1,762 12.20%
Turnout 59.21%
Conservative gain from Labour Swing 3.95%
1 November 1947[29]

Electorate 24,460

Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Edward Hinbest Richardson 8,817 60.05%
Labour Joseph Oliver Rhydderch 5,866 39.95%
Majority 2,951 20.10%
Turnout 60.03%
Conservative hold Swing 9.58%
2 November 1946[30]

Electorate 24,002

Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Harold Edward Gurden 6,263 50.47%
Labour Joseph Oliver Rhydderch 6,147 49.53%
Majority 116 0.94%
Turnout 51.70%
Conservative hold Swing 18.58%
By-Election
29 November 1945[31]

Electorate 23,148

Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Florence Ellen Hammond 5,378 58.41%
Conservative Harold Edward Gurden 3,829 41.59%
Majority 1,549 16.82%
Turnout 39.77%
Labour hold Swing 9.70%
3 November 1945[32]

Electorate 23,148

Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Albert Frederick Bradbeer* 7,633 68.11%
Conservative Harold Edward Gurden 3,574 31.89%
Majority 4,059 36.22%
Turnout 48.41%
Labour hold Swing 19.00%

See also

References

Notes

  1. "Birmingham Ward population 2011". Retrieved 14 December 2015.
  2. Representation of the People Act 1918, Schedule 9
  3. Representation of the People Act 1948, Schedule 1
  4. http://birminghamnewsroom.com/2014/05/2014-election-northfield-selly-oak/
  5. [Birmingham City Council: Local Election Results 2012]
  6. Birmingham City Council: Local Election Results 2010
  7. Birmingham City Council: Local Election Results 2010
  8. Birmingham City Council: Local Election Results 2008
  9. Birmingham City Council: Local Election Results 2007
  10. Rallings (2003), Local Elections Handbook 2003, p. 22.
  11. Rallings (2002), Local Elections Handbook 2002, p. 61.
  12. Phillips (2003), Birmingham Votes: 1911-2000, p. 87.
  13. Phillips (2003), Birmingham Votes: 1911-2000, p. 84.
  14. Phillips (2003), Birmingham Votes: 1911-2000, p. 82.
  15. Phillips (2003), Birmingham Votes: 1911-2000, p. 79.
  16. Phillips (2003), Birmingham Votes: 1911-2000, p. 77.
  17. Phillips (2003), Birmingham Votes: 1911-2000, p. 74.
  18. Phillips (2003), Birmingham Votes: 1911-2000, p. 72.
  19. Phillips (2003), Birmingham Votes: 1911-2000, p. 70.
  20. Phillips (2003), Birmingham Votes: 1911-2000, p. 68.
  21. Phillips (2003), Birmingham Votes: 1911-2000, p. 65.
  22. Phillips (2003), Birmingham Votes: 1911-2000, p. 63.
  23. Phillips (2003), Birmingham Votes: 1911-2000, p. 61.
  24. Phillips (2003), Birmingham Votes: 1911-2000, p. 59.
  25. Phillips (2003), Birmingham Votes: 1911-2000, p. 57.
  26. Phillips (2003), Birmingham Votes: 1911-2000, p. 55.
  27. Phillips (2003), Birmingham Votes: 1911-2000, p. 53.
  28. Phillips (2003), Birmingham Votes: 1911-2000, p. 50.
  29. Phillips (2003), Birmingham Votes: 1911-2000, p. 48.
  30. Phillips (2003), Birmingham Votes: 1911-2000, p. 46.
  31. Phillips (2003), Birmingham Votes: 1911-2000, p. 43.
  32. Phillips (2003), Birmingham Votes: 1911-2000, p. 43.

Bibliography

  • Phillips, Christopher (2000), Birmingham Votes: 1911-2000, Twentieth Century Local Election Results, Volume 4, (Local Government Chronicle Elections Centre, University of Plymouth, Plymouth), ISBN 0-948858-30-3 
  • Rallings, Colin; Thrasher, Michael (2002), Local Elections Handbook 2002: The 2002 Local Election Results, (Local Government Chronicle Elections Centre, University of Plymouth, Plymouth), ISBN 0-948858-33-8  Cite uses deprecated parameter |coauthors= (help)
  • Rallings, Colin; Thrasher, Michael (2003), Local Elections Handbook 2003: The 2003 Local Election Results, (Local Government Chronicle Elections Centre, University of Plymouth, Plymouth), ISBN 0-948858-35-4  Cite uses deprecated parameter |coauthors= (help)

External links

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