Methylselenocysteine
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| Names | |
|---|---|
| Systematic IUPAC name
3-(Methylselanyl)-L-alanine | |
| Other names
Se-methylseleno-L-cysteine; L-Methylselenocysteine; Se-Methylselenocysteine | |
| Identifiers | |
| 26046-90-2 | |
| ChemSpider | 129633 |
| Jmol interactive 3D | Image |
| PubChem | 147004 |
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| Properties | |
| C4H9NO2Se | |
| Molar mass | 182.09 g·mol−1 |
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
| Infobox references | |
Methylselenocysteine, also known as Se-methylselenocysteine, is an analog of S-methylcysteine in which the sulfur atom is replaced with a selenium atom. It is an inhibitor of DMBA-induced mammary tumors[1]and a "chemopreventive agent that blocks cell cycle progression and proliferation of premalignant mammary lesions and induces apoptosis of cancer cell lines in culture."[2]
Apoptosis has been proposed as the most plausible mechanism for the chemopreventive activities of selenocompounds. Se-Methylselenocysteine was more efficient at inducing apoptosis than selenite, but was less toxic." The "selenite-induced cell death could be derived from necrosis rather than apoptosis, since selenite did not significantly induce several apoptotic phenomena, including the activation of caspase-3."[3]
In the Nutritional Prevention of Cancer Trial, selenized yeast resulted in "a reduction in the incidence of prostate cancer and in total cancer incidence"; subsequent anti-cancer studies using selenomethionine did not show any benefit against cancer; but, selenized yeast contains both selenomethionine and methylselenocysteine.[4]
Methylselenocysteine is found in selenized yeast, and many vegetables: "As much as 80% of the total selenium" found in Alliums (onion, leek, garlic, ramps) Brassicas (broccoli, radish, Brussels sprouts, cabbage), and milk vetch (Astragalus spp, Fabaceae) "is present as Se-methylselenocysteine." The bioavailability of selenium from Se methylselenocysteine, "is likely to be similar to that from other organic selenium compounds." Specifically, "It is converted via the action of β-lyase, to methylselenol and then to hydrogen selenide, which is also the key metabolite derived from" all other common forms of selenium. But EFSA concluded that "given the absence of human studies on Se-methylselenocysteine, the relatively sparse database on the bioavailability of selenium from this source and the limited data on the safety of this source compared with other selenium compounds, the Upper Limit for selenium defined by the Scientific Committee on Food cannot be used for judging its safety."[5]
References
- ↑ Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc. "product data sheet CAS# 26046-90-2". Retrieved 2015-02-01.
- ↑ Sigma-Aldrich,. "product data sheet CAS# 26046-90-2". Retrieved 2015-02-01.
- ↑ Taeho Kim, Uhee Jung, Dae-Yeon Cho and An-Sik Chung. ""Se-Methylselenocysteine induces apoptosis through caspase activation in HL-60 cells"Carcinogenesis (2001) 22 (4): 559-565.". Retrieved 2015-02-01.
- ↑ Claire M. Weekley, Jade B. Aitken, Lydia Finney, Stefan Vogt, Paul K. Witting, Hugh H. Harris. ""Selenium Metabolism in Cancer Cells: The Combined Application of XAS and XFM Techniques to the Problem of Selenium Speciation in Biological Systems"Nutrients 2013, 5(5), 1734-1756;". Retrieved 2015-02-01.
- ↑ F. Aguilar, U.R. Charrondiere, B. Dusemund, P. Galtier, J. Gilbert, D.M. Gott, S. Grilli, R. Guertler, G.E.N. Kass, J. Koenig, C. Lambré, J-C. Larsen, J-C. Leblanc, A. Mortensen, D. Parent-Massin, I. Pratt, I.M.C.M. Rietjens, I. Stankovic, P. Tobback, T. Verguieva, R. Woutersen. ""Se-methyl-L-selenocysteine added as a source of selenium for nutritional purposes to food supplements:Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to Food(Question No: EFSA-Q-2005-170, EFSA-Q-2006-306, EFSA-Q-2006-308)"The EFSA Journal (2009) 1067, 1-23" (PDF). Retrieved 2015-02-01.