Scythris

Scythris
Imago of Scythris heinemanni
at Cerreto Ratti (Borghetto di Borbera, Italy)
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Division: Ditrysia
Family: Scythrididae (disputed)
Genus: Scythris
Hübner, [1825]
Type species
Tinea chenopodiella
Hübner, [1813]
Species

Numerous, see text

Synonyms

[1]
Butalis Treitschke, 1833
Copida Sodoffsky, 1837
Galanthia Hübner, 1825
Rubioia Agenjo, 1962

Scythris is a genus of gelechioid moths. It is the type genus of the flower moth family, which is sometimes included as a subfamily in the Xyloryctidae, or together with these merged into the Oecophoridae.[2]

It is the largest genus of flower moths, and as such might not be fully monophyletic with regard to some very small or monotypic genera placed in the same family. In addition, new species of Scythris continue to be discovered and described.[3]

Selected species

Species groups

The species of Scythris have been divided among several groups, which may or may not be monophyletic; those that are may – provided they are closely enough related to the type species S. limbella – be considered subgenera. Species group include:[4]

aerariella group

  • Scythris adustella Jäckh, 1978
  • Scythris aerariella (Herrich-Schäffer, 1855)
  • Scythris anomaloptera (Staudinger, 1880)
  • Scythris binotiferella (Ragonot, 1880)
  • Scythris carboniella Jäckh, 1978
  • Scythris corsa Passerin d'Entrèves, 1986
  • Scythris dorycniella (Milliére, 1861)
  • Scythris flaviventrella (Herrich-Schäffer, 1855)
  • Scythris hungaricella Rebel, 1917
  • Scythris imperiella Jäckh, 1978
  • Scythris jaeckhi Bengtsson, 1989
  • Scythris lhommei Bengtsson & Passerin d'Entrèves, 1988
  • Scythris parnassiae Bengtsson, 1997
  • Scythris popescugorji Passerin d'Entrèves, 1984
  • Scythris ridiculella Caradja, 1920
  • Scythris tergestinella (Zeller, 1855)
  • Scythris tumidella K. & T.Nupponen, 2001

alseriella group

ammobia group

  • Scythris ammobia Falkovitch, 1972
  • Scythris asema Falkovitch, 1972
  • Scythris asthena Falkovitch, 1972
  • Scythris hypolepta Falkovitch, 1972
  • Scythris mongholica Passerin d'Entrèves & Roggero, 2006
  • Scythris physalis Falkovitch, 1972

Australian group

  • Scythris adelopa Meyrick, 1897
  • Scythris celidopa Meyrick, 1921
  • Scythris ceratocosma Meyrick, 1897
  • Scythris crypsigramma Meyrick, 1897
  • Scythris detestata Meyrick, 1922
  • Scythris diatoma (Turner, 1927)
  • Scythris erebospila Meyrick, 1897
  • Scythris fumida Turner, 1923
  • Scythris hologramma (Lower, 1899)
  • Scythris leucochyta (Turner, 1947)
  • Scythris paredra Meyrick, 1897
  • Scythris pleonectis Meyrick, 1897
  • Scythris plocanota Meyrick, 1897
  • Scythris praestructa Meyrick, 1922
  • Scythris rhabducha Meyrick, 1897
  • Scythris sporadica Meyrick, 1897
  • Scythris xenonympha (Lower, 1900)

canescens group

  • Scythris appendicella Bengtsson, 1997
  • Scythris articulatella Chrétien, 1915
  • Scythris barbatella Chrétien, 1915
  • Scythris biskraensis Bengtsson, 1997
  • Scythris canescens (Staudinger, 1880)
  • Scythris cupellella Bengtsson, 1997
  • Scythris curlettii Bengtsson, 1997
  • Scythris eremella Chrétien, 1915
  • Scythris eucharis Walsingham, 1907
  • Scythris maculosa Bengtsson, 1997
  • Scythris neftae Bengtsson, 1997
  • Scythris pediculella Bengtsson, 1997
  • Scythris pura Walsingham, 1907
  • Scythris senecai Bengtsson, 1997
  • Scythris tessulatella Rebel, 1903

cicadella group

  • Scythris arenbergeri Passerin d'Entrèves, 1986
  • Scythris bajanlegi Passerin d'Entrèves & Roggero, 2006
  • Scythris cicadella (Zeller, 1839)
  • Scythris moldavicella Caradja, 1905 (= S. balcanica)
  • Scythris potentillella (Zeller, 1847)
  • Scythris ventosella Chrétien 1907

cistorum group

  • Scythris cistorum (Milliére, 1876)
  • Scythris nieukerkeni Bengtsson, 1989
  • Scythris rondaensis Bengtsson, 1997

decrepidella group

  • Scythris decrepidella Bengtsson, 1997
  • Scythris goundafae Bengtsson, 1997

empetrella group

fallacella group

  • Scythris baldensis Passerin d'Entrèves 1979
  • Scythris fallacella (Schläger 1847)
  • Scythris oelandicella Müller-Rutz 1922
  • Scythris sappadensis Bengtsson, 1992
  • Scythris tremalzoi Bengtsson, 1992

formicella group

  • Scythris formicella Chrétien, 1915
  • Scythris kebiliensis Bengtsson, 1997
  • Scythris minima Bengtsson, 1997

fuscoaenea group

  • Scythris derrai Bengtsson, 1991
  • Scythris dissimilella (Herrich-Schäffer, 1855)
  • Scythris fuscoaenea (Haworth, 1828)
  • Scythris parafuscoaenea Bengtsson, 1991
  • Scythris tabelli Junnilainen, 2002
  • Scythris tenuivittella (Stainton, 1867)
  • Scythris traugotti Bengtsson, 1991
  • Scythris vartianae Kasy, 1962
  • Scythris vittella (O.Costa, 1834)

grandipennis group

  • Scythris bornicensis Jäckh, 1977
  • Scythris constanti Walsingham, 1898
  • Scythris cupreella (Staudinger, 1859)
  • Scythris ericetella (Heinemann, 1872)
  • Scythris grandipennis (Haworth, 1828)
  • Scythris kasyi Hannemann, 1962
  • Scythris maroccensis Jäckh, 1977
  • Scythris nevadensis Passerin d'Entrèves, 1990
  • Scythris salviella Meess, 1910
  • Scythris scipionella (Staudinger, 1859)
  • Scythris scorpionella Jäckh, 1977
  • Scythris siculella Jäckh, 1977
  • Scythris tabidella (Herrich-Schäffer, 1855)

inertella group

  • Scythris ethmiella Amsel, 1974
  • Scythris inertella (Zeller, 1855)
  • Scythris xanthopygella (Staudinger, 1859)

insulella ("ericivorella") group

  • Scythris ericivorella (Ragonot, 1880)
  • Scythris insulella (Staudinger, 1859)

klimeschi group

  • Scythris guimarensis Bengtsson, 1997
  • Scythris klimeschi Bengtsson, 1997

knochella group

  • Scythris ambustella Bengtsson, 1997
  • Scythris aspromontis Jäckh, 1978
  • Scythris ciliatella Zerny, 1936
  • Scythris heinemanni
  • Scythris iberica Jäckh, 1978
  • Scythris knochella (Fabricius, 1794)
  • Scythris schawerdae Rebel, 1931
  • Scythris setiella (Zeller, 1870)
  • Scythris staudingeri Jäckh, 1978

laminella group

  • Scythris andersi Bengtsson, 1991
  • Scythris bolognella Jäckh, 1978
  • Scythris braschiella (O.Hofmann, 1897)
  • Scythris bubaniae Walsingham, 1907
  • Scythris eberhardi Bengtsson, 1997
  • Scythris frankeniella Chrétien, 1916
  • Scythris kailai Bengtsson, 1997
  • Scythris laminella (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775)
  • Scythris saxella Bengtsson, 1991
  • Scythris thomisioides Bengtsson, 1997

limbella group – possibly subgenus Scythris

martini group

  • Scythris bengtbengtssoni Vives, 1994
  • Scythris martini Bengtsson, 1991

obscurella group – possibly subgenus Galanthia

  • Scythris amphonycella (Geyer, [1836])
  • Scythris bengtssoni Patocka & Liska, 1989
  • Scythris cuspidella (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775)
  • Scythris flavilaterella (Fuchs, 1886)
  • Scythris hornigii (Zeller, 1855)
  • Scythris lampyrella (Constant, 1865)
  • Scythris mediella (Constant, 1855)
  • Scythris obscurella (Scopoli, 1763)
  • Scythris rouxella (Constant 1865) (sometimes in C. hornigii, tentatively placed here)
  • Scythris speyeri (Heinemann & Wocke, 1876)

pascuella group

  • Scythris aciella Bengtsson, 1997
  • Scythris albidella (Stainton, 1867)
  • Scythris bifissella (O.Hofmann, 1889)
  • Scythris cornuella Bengtsson, 1997
  • Scythris flavidella Preissecker, 1911
  • Scythris kantarae Bengtsson, 1997
  • Scythris karinupponei Bengtsson, 2000
  • Scythris lagunae Jäckh, 1978
  • Scythris mikkolai Sinev, 1993
  • Scythris orientella Sinev, 2001
  • Scythris pascuella (Zeller, 1855)
  • Scythris paullella (Herrich-Schäffer, 1855)
  • Scythris perlucidella K. & T.Nupponen, 2000
  • Scythris pudorinella (Möschler, 1866)
  • Scythris satyrella Staudinger, 1880
  • Scythris subaerariella (Stainton, 1867)
  • Scythris tabescentella (Staudinger, 1880)

penicillata group

  • Scythris penicillata (Chrétien 1900)
  • Scythris spinella K. & T.Nupponen, 2001

petrella group

picaepennis group

pulicella group

  • Scythris azrouensis Bengtsson, 1997
  • Scythris corleyi Bengtsson, 1997
  • Scythris langohri Passerin d'Entrèves, 1990
  • Scythris pilella Bengtsson, 1991
  • Scythris pulicella (Staudinger, 1859)
  • Scythris skulei Bengtsson, 1997
  • Scythris veletae Passerin d'Entrèves, 1990

punctivittella group

  • Scythris albostriata Hannemann, 1961
  • Scythris apicistrigella (Staudinger, 1870)
  • Scythris atlasensis Bengtsson, 1997
  • Scythris confluens (Staudinger, 1870)
  • Scythris cycladeae Jäckh, 1978
  • Scythris emichi (Anker, 1870)
  • Scythris punctivittella (O.Costa, 1836)
  • Scythris trinacriae Passerin d'Entrèves 1984

schleichiella group

  • Scythris glacialis (Frey, 1870)
  • Scythris gratiosella Jäckh, 1978
  • Scythris schleichiella (Zeller, 1870)
  • Scythris similis Hannemann, 1961
  • Scythris subschleichiella Hannemann, 1961

scopolella group

seliniella group

  • Scythris acarioides Bengtsson, 1997
  • Scythris annae Bengtsson, 1997
  • Scythris clavella (Zeller, 1855)
  • Scythris seliniella (Zeller, 1839)
  • Scythris subseliniella (Heinemann, 1876)
  • Scythris villari Agenjo, 1971

siccella group

  • Scythris lafauryi Passerin d'Entrèves 1986
  • Scythris lempkei Bengtsson & Langohr, 1989
  • Scythris siccella (Zeller, 1839)
  • Scythris subsiccella Bengtsson, 1997

subfasciata group

  • Scythris anthracodes Walsingham, 1907
  • Scythris friedeli Bengtsson, 1997
  • Scythris levantina Passerin d'Entrèves & Vives, 1990
  • Scythris locustella Chrétien, 1915
  • Scythris pseudolocustella Passerin d'Entrèves & Vives, 1990
  • Scythris subfasciata (Staudinger, 1880)

Monospecific "groups"

In addition to the groups above, there is a considerable number of species in this genus whose exact relationships are hitherto elusive. Some have been placed in a "species group" of their own, as they are too distinct from the other groups to be included there, yet at the same time have characteristic autapomorphies. They include:[3]

  • Scythris aenea Passerin d'Entrèves 1984
  • Scythris bagdadiella Amsel, 1949
  • Scythris bazaensis Bengtsson, 1997
  • Scythris boseanella Klimesch, 1986
  • Scythris camelella Walsingham, 1907
  • Scythris crassiuscula (Herrich-Schäffer, 1855)
  • Scythris crypta Hannemann 1961
  • Scythris dissitella (Zeller, 1847)
  • Scythris fuscopterella Bengtsson 1977
  • Scythris gobiensis Passerin d'Entrèves & Roggero, 2006
  • Scythris gravatella (Zeller, 1847)
  • Scythris iagella Chrétien 1925
  • Scythris inclusella Lederer, 1855
  • Scythris inspersella (Hübner 1817)
  • Scythris karinae Bengtsson 1991
  • Scythris karsholti Bengtsson, 1997
  • Scythris mariannae Bengtsson 1991
  • Scythris meanderis Bengtsson, 1997
  • Scythris monochreella (Ragonot, 1896)
  • Scythris mus Walsingham, 1898
  • Scythris nigrella Jäckh, 1978
  • Scythris nipholecta Meyrick, 1924
  • Scythris noricella (Zeller, 1843)
  • Scythris palustris (Zeller, 1855)
  • Scythris passerini (Bengtsson, 1997)
  • Scythris pinkeri Klimesch, 1986
  • Scythris platypyga (Staudinger, 1880)
  • Scythris podoliensis Rebel, 1938
  • Scythris polycarpaeae Klimesch, 1986
  • Scythris productella (Zeller, 1839)
  • Scythris rubioi Agenjo, 1962 – possibly subgenus Rubioia
  • Scythris sinensis (Felder & Rogenhofer, 1875)
  • Scythris tributella (Zeller, 1847)

Species incertae sedis

Finally, there are some species which are neither clearly assignable to any one species group, nor autapomorphic enough to be included in a monospecific "group". These include:[3]

  • Scythris acipenserella K. & T.Nupponen, 2000
  • Scythris aegrella K. Nupponen & Junnilainen, 2000
  • Scythris albisaxella K. & T.Nupponen, 2000
  • Scythris alceella Junnilainen, 2002
  • Scythris arenicola K.Nupponen, 2005
  • Scythris arerai Huemer, 2000
  • Scythris arkaimensis Bengtsson, 2000
  • Scythris brunneofasciella K. Nupponen & Junnilainen, 2000
  • Scythris buszkoi Baran, 2003
  • Scythris capitalis (Erschoff, 1874)
  • Scythris cassiterella (Snellen, 1884) (= S. baikalensis)
  • Scythris cervella K. & T.Nupponen, 2001
  • Scythris chrysopygella Caradja, 1927
  • Scythris cirra Falkovitch, 1969<
  • Scythris cretacella K. & T.Nupponen, 2000
  • Scythris elenae K.Nupponen, 2000
  • Scythris erinacella Nupponen, 2003
  • Scythris eversmanni K. & T. Nupponen, 2000
  • Scythris felesella Bengtsson, 1997
  • Scythris felixi Bengtsson & Sutter, 1996
  • Scythris garciapitai Vives, 2001
  • Scythris gladiella K. & T.Nupponen, 2004
  • Scythris gorbunovi Nupponen, 2003
  • Scythris hamardabanica Nupponen, 2003
  • Scythris hamatella K. & T.Nupponen, 2001
  • Scythris inconspicuella Sinev, 2001
  • Scythris jalavai Sinev, 1993
  • Scythris kaszabi Passerin d'Entrèves & Roggero, 2006
  • Scythris kullbergi Bengtsson, 1997
  • Scythris kyzylensis Bengtsson, 1997
  • Scythris lagomorphella Nupponen, 2002
  • Scythris lativalvella Sinev, 2001
  • Scythris luxatiella K.Nupponen & Kaitila, 2000
  • Scythris macrourella Sinev, 2001
  • Scythris malozemovi Nupponen, 2003
  • Scythris minorella Sinev, 2001
  • Scythris ninae Nupponen, 2003
  • Scythris nitidella Bengtsson & Liska, 1996
  • Scythris nivicolor Meyrick, 1916
  • Scythris obliqua Falkovitch, 1969
  • Scythris olschwangi K. & T.Nupponen, 2000
  • Scythris pallidella Passerin d'Entrèves & Roggero, 2006
  • Scythris potatorella Nupponen, 2003
  • Scythris remexella K. Nupponen & Kaitila, 2000
  • Scythris saarelai K. & T.Nupponen, 1999
  • Scythris sachkovi Passerin d'Entrèves & Roggero, 2006
  • Scythris sibirella Sinev, 2001
  • Scythris sinevi Nupponen, 2003
  • Scythris subcassiterella Bengtsson, 1997
  • Scythris sublaminella K. & T.Nupponen, 2000
  • Scythris talyniella Passerin d'Entrèves & Roggero, 2006
  • Scythris tauromeniella Passerin d'Entrèves & Roggero, 2004
  • Scythris taygeticola Scholz, 1997
  • Scythris terekholensis Bengtsson, 1997
  • Scythris trivinctella (Zeller, 1873)
  • Scythris ustjuzhanini Sachkov & Sinev, 2001
  • Scythris vernusella Jäckh, 1978

Footnotes

  1. ↑ AEBR (2008), and see references in Savela (2008)
  2. ↑ Pitkin & Jenkins (2004), AEBR (2008), ToL (2008), FE (2009), and see references in Savela (2008)
  3. 1 2 3 FE (2009), and see references in Savela (2008)
  4. ↑ AEBR (2008), FE (2009), and see references in Savela (2008)

References

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