Sclerosis (medicine)

Sclerosis (medicine)
Micrograph of subepithelial sclerosus (middle third of image) in a case of lichen sclerosus. H&E stain.
Classification and external resources
MeSH	D012598

In medicine, sclerosis (also spelled sclerosus in the names of a few disorders; from Greek σκληρός "hard") is the stiffening of a structure, usually caused by a replacement of the normal organ-specific tissue with connective tissue.

Types include:

• Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, sometimes known as Lou Gehrig's disease, a progressive, incurable, usually fatal disease of motor neurons.
• Atherosclerosis, a deposit of fatty materials, such as cholesterol, in the arteries which causes hardening.
• Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is a disease that attacks the kidney's filtering system (glomeruli) causing serious scarring and thus a cause of nephrotic syndrome in children and adolescents,^[1] as well as an important cause of kidney failure in adults.
• Hippocampal sclerosis, a brain damage often seen in individuals with temporal lobe epilepsy.
• Lichen sclerosus, a disease that hardens the connective tissues of the vagina and the penis. An autoimmune disorder.
• Liver sclerosis is a common misspelling of cirrhosis of the liver.
• Multiple sclerosis, or focal sclerosis,^[2] is a central nervous system disease which affects coordination.
• Osteosclerosis, a condition where the bone density is significantly increased.
• Otosclerosis, a disease of the ears.
• Systemic sclerosis (progressive systemic scleroderma), a rare, chronic disease which affects the skin, and in some cases also blood vessels and internal organs.
• Tuberous sclerosis, a rare genetic disease which affects multiple systems.
• Primary sclerosing cholangitis, a hardening of the bile duct by scarring and repeated inflammation.
• Primary lateral sclerosis, progressive muscle weakness in the voluntary muscles.

References