Republikanischer Schutzbund

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The Republikanischer Schutzbund (German: [ʁepubliˈkaːnɪʃɐ ˈʃʊtsˌbʊnt], Republican Protection League) was an Austrian paramilitary organization established in 1923 by the Social Democratic Party (SDAPÖ)[1] to secure power in the face of rising political radicalization after World War I.

It had a Czech section associated with the Czechoslovak Social Democratic Workers Party in the Republic of Austria.

Origins & Development

Republikanischer Schutzbund men on the march in 1930

The Republikanischer Schutzbund was one of many paramilitary forces to organize after the fall of the Habsburg Empire. This one in particular was a branch of the Social Democratic Workers' Party (SDAPÖ). Its purpose was to defend the party and to maintain the balance of power amidst increasing radicalization of politics in Austria. This includes a good amount of saber rattling between the Schutzbund and the conservative Heimwehr, as encouraged by the SDAPÖ newspaper, the Arbeiter Zeitung.[2]

July Revolt of 1927

Main article: July Revolt of 1927

On January 30 of 1927, a veterans' group clashed with the Schutzbund, leaving one veteran and one child killed by the right-wing Heimwehr.[3] The results of the trial led to the July Revolt of 1927.

Austrian Civil War

Main article: Austrian Civil War

By June 1933, Federal Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuß banned the Schutzbund, forcing it underground.[4] On February 11, 1934, the Heimwehr commander in Vienna Emil Fey called for the disarmament of the Schutzbund. Upon raiding Hotel Schiff in Linz, the Linz Schutzbund commander Richard Bernaschek actively resisted, resulting in armed conflict known as the Austrian Civil War.[5]

See also

Reichsbanner Schwarz-Rot-Gold, paramilitary organization of the German SPD

References

  1. ↑ "Summary: Republikanischer Schutzbund and the preparations for Civil War". Österreichs Bundesheer. Retrieved 30 December 2007.
  2. ↑ "Rifles at the Ready!". Time Magazine. 30 September 1929. Retrieved December 5, 2007.
  3. ↑ Jelavich, Barbara (December 1989). Modern Austria : Empire & Republic 1815-1986. Cambridge University Press. p. 183. ISBN 0-521-31625-1.
  4. ↑ Lehne, Inge; Lonnie Johnson (December 1985). Vienna- The Past in the Present. Österreichischer Bundersverlag Gesellschaft. p. 134. ISBN 3-215-05758-1.
  5. ↑ Brook-Shepherd, Gordon (December 1996). The Austrians : a thousand-year odyssey. HarperCollins. pp. 280–281. ISBN 0-00-638255-X.
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