Schober's test

Schober's test is a physical examination used in physical medicine and rehabilitation and rheumatology to measure the ability of a patient to flex his/her lower back.

Procedure

While the patient is in a standing position the examiner makes a mark approximately at the level of L5 (fifth lumbar vertebra). Two points are marked: 5 cm below and 10 cm above this point (for a total of 15 cm distance). Then the patient is asked to touch his/her toes while keeping the knees straight. If the distance of the two points do not increase by at least 5 cm (with the total distance greater than 20 cm), then this is a sign of restriction in the lumbar flexion. ^[1] This can be useful in examining a patient suspected of ankylosing spondylitis.

History

The test was first described in 1937 by Dr Paul Schober (March 11, 1865 - August 22, 1943), a German physician.^[2]^[3]

References

↑ General Practice notebook
↑ Schober P (1937). "Lendenwirbelsäule und Kreuzschmerzen". Much Med Wochenschr 84: 336–339.
↑ Paul Schober at Who Named It?

Eponymous medical signs for skeletal system and joints

Joints

Arthropathy	osteoarthritis (Bouchard's nodes/Heberden's node) dermatomyositis (Gottron's papules) DeQuervain's syndrome (Finkelstein's test) anterior shoulder instability (Jobe's test) hip dysplasia Barlow's maneuver Ortolani test

Dorsopathy	low back pain (Waddell's signs) low back flexibility Ott test Schober test sacroiliitis (Larrey's sign)

Trauma/Orthopedics	Knee: ligament (Lachman test) meniscus Apley grind test McMurray test ligament and meniscus O'Donoghue's triad Ankle: tendon Simmonds' test Shoulder: rotator cuff Hawkins–Kennedy test ligament Neer impingement sign Jobe's test Watson's test

Skeletal/bone

bone tumor (Codman triangle)

osteochondritis dissecans (Wilson test)

Teeth

Hutchinson's teeth

Orthopedic examination

General

Lower Limb

Hip examination	Galeazzi test Allis test Barlow maneuver Ober's test Ortolani test Patrick's test Thomas test Trendelenburg's sign

Knee examination	Apley grind test Ballottement Clarke's test Drawer test Lachman test McMurray test Patella tap Pivot-shift test Wilson test Valgus stress test

Foot & Ankle	Hubscher's maneuver Mulder's sign Simmonds' test Thompson test

Upper Limb

Shoulder examination	Apprehension test Jobe's test Gerber's test Hawkins–Kennedy test Neer impingement sign O'Brien's test Speed's test Yergason's test

Elbow examination	Cozen's test Elbow extension test

Wrist & Hand	Durkan's test Finkelstein's test Froment's sign Lunotriquetral shear test Phalen maneuver Tinel sign Watson's test

Spine

Orthopaedic eponyms

Medical eponyms

Fractures	Bankart's fracture Barton's fracture Bennett's fracture Bosworth fracture Chance fracture Chopart's fracture-dislocation Colles' fracture Dupuytren's fracture Duverney fracture Essex-Lopresti fracture Galeazzi fracture Gosselin fracture Holstein–Lewis fracture Holdsworth fracture Hutchinson's fracture Hoffa fracture Hume fracture Jefferson fracture Jones fracture Lisfranc fracture Maisonneuve fracture Malgaigne's fracture Monteggia fracture Moore's fracture Pipkin fracture-dislocation Plafond fracture Pott's fracture Rolando fracture Segond fracture Shepherd's fracture Smith's fracture Stieda fracture Tillaux-Chaput avulsion fracture Wagstaffe-Le Fort avulsion fracture Volkmann avulsion fracture

Classifications	Bado classification Danis–Weber classification Denis classification Evans-Jensen classification Ficat classification Frykman classification Garden classification Gartland classification Gruen zone Gustilo open fracture classification Haruguchi classification Hawkin's classification Herbert classification Herscovici classification Ideberg classification Jupiter and Mehne classification Lauge-Hansen classification Le Fort fracture of skull Loder classification Mayfield classification Milch classification Neer classification Pipkin classification Pauwel's classification Riseborough and Radin classification Ruedi-Allgower classification Salter–Harris fracture Schatzker classification of tibia plateau fractures Tile classification Schatzker classification of olecranon fractures Sanders classification Seddon classification Seinsheimer classification Schenck classification Teisen classification Tscherne classification Thompson and Epstein classification Vancouver classification Wassel classification Winquist and Hansen classification Young-Burgess classification

Procedures	Akin osteotomy Bankart repair Broström procedure Brunelli procedure Cotrel–Dubousset instrumentation Cunningham Shoulder Reduction Darrach's procedure Darrah procedure Evans technique Girdlestone's Procedure Keller procedure Kocher manoeuvre Krukenberg procedure Latarjet procedure Mumford procedure Ponseti method Swanson's Arthroplasty Tommy John surgery Weil's Osteotomy Weaver–Dunn procedure Zadek's procedure

Anatomy	Gerdy's tubercle Guyon's Canal Harrison's groove Haversian canal Humphrey's ligament Lisfranc joint Lisfranc ligament Lister's tubercle Martin-Gruber Anastomosis Schmorl's nodes Volkmann's canals

CPRs	Harris Hip Score Kocher criteria Mirel's Score Rowe Score

Clinical signs	Andersson lesion Baastrup's sign Bouchard's nodes Boutonniere deformity Coopernail's sign Codman triangle Destot's sign Frankel's sign Heberden's node Kanavel's sign Larrey's sign Trendelenburg gait

Clinical examination	Allis test Apley grind test Apley scratch test Barlow's maneuver Clarke's test Cozen's test Cotton test Durkan's test Finkelstein's test Froment's sign Jobe's test Kapandji score Gaenslen's test Galeazzi test Gerber's test Hawkins–Kennedy test Hubscher's maneuver Lachman test Lasègue's sign McMurray test Mulder's sign Neer impingement sign O'Brien's test Ober's test Ortolani test Patrick's test Phalen maneuver Simmonds' test Schober's test Speed's test Thomas test Thompson test Tinel sign Trendelenburg's sign Yergason's test Waddell's signs Watson's test Wilson test

Congenital conditions	Albers-Schonberg disease Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy Antley–Bixler syndrome Apert syndrome Beals syndrome Bechterew's Bruck syndrome Camurati–Engelmann disease Catel–Manzke syndrome Cole carpenter syndrome Conradi–Hünermann syndrome Currarino syndrome Ehlers–Danlos syndrome Eiken syndrome Ellis–van Creveld syndrome Erlenmeyer flask deformity Fairbanks disease Hajdu–Cheney syndrome Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia Kashin–Beck disease Klippel–Feil syndrome Klippel–Trénaunay–Weber syndrome Kniest dysplasia Lobstein syndrome Madelung's deformity Maffucci syndrome Marfan syndrome Marie-Strümpell disease Marshall syndrome Marshall–Smith syndrome McCune–Albright syndrome Melnick–Needles syndrome Morton's toe Ollier disease Rett syndrome Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome Scheuermann's disease Schwartz–Jampel syndrome Silver–Russell syndrome Teunissen–Cremers syndrome Trevor disease Wiedemann syndrome

Acquired conditions	Baker's cyst Bankart lesion Barré–Liéou syndrome Blount's disease Brodie abscess Chandler's disease De Quervain syndrome Dupuytren's contracture Ewing's sarcoma Freiberg disease Garre's sclerosing osteomyelitis Gorham's disease Haglund's deformity Hill–Sachs lesion Iselin's disease Kashin–Beck disease Kienbock's disease Köhler disease Legg–Calvé–Perthes syndrome Morton's neuroma O'Donoghue's triad Osgood–Schlatter disease Paget's disease of bone Panner disease Perthes Lesion Preiser disease Sever's disease Stener lesion Sudeck's atrophy Tietze syndrome Volkmann's contracture

Orthopedic implants	Austin Moore prosthesis Baksi's prosthesis Charnley prosthesis Denis Browne bar Ender's nail Grosse-Kempf nail Harrington rod Herbert screw Kirschner wire Kuntscher nail Moore's pin Neer's prosthesis Rush nail Schanz screw Seidel nail Smith Peterson nail Steinmann pin Swanson prosthesis Talwalkar nail Thompson prosthesis

Orthopaedic instruments	Bryant's traction Charnley Retractor Darrach elevator Faraboeuf forceps Gigli saw Hohmann retractor Ilizarov apparatus Inge retractor Jungbluth forceps Matta forceps Taylor Spatial Frame Thomas splint Verbrugge forceps Volkmann retractor Weber forceps

Surgical approaches	Hardinge lateral approach to the hip Moore or Southern posterior approach to the hip Smith-Petersen anterior approach to the hip Watson-Jones anterolateral approach to the hip

Radiographic signs	Baumann's angle Blumensaat's line Bohler's angle Cobb angle Fairbank's changes Gilula's Lines Harris lines Hilgenreiner's line Kellgren-Lawrence grading scale Klein's line Loosers zone Pauwel's angle Perkin's line Shenton's Line Southwick angle Thurstan Holland sign Trethowan's sign Terry-Thomas sign

Radiographic projections	Judet view Broden's view

Principles	Wolff's law Hueter-Volkmann law Charley's principles of three-point fixation

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