Peninsular Arabic

Peninsular Arabic, or Southern Arabic, is the varieties of Arabic spoken throughout the Arabian Peninsula. This includes the countries of Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Oman, United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, Iraq and the tribal people of Jordan (the native Jordanians).

As this area is the homeland of the Arabic language, the language spoken there are closer to Classical Arabic. some of these dialects have retained many archaic features that were lost in other dialects such as the conservation of nunation for indeterminate nouns, and retains most of the Classical Syntax and Vocabulary. but they are also as divergent from Classical Arabic as other dialects may be.

Varieties

An overview of the different Arabic varieties

The following varieties are usually noted:

• Yemeni Arabic, displays a past conjugation with ultra-archaic -k suffix, as in southern Semitic languages. It has to be noted that the particular dialect of Aden has /ɡʲ/ > [ɡ] as in Cairo.
• Hejazi Arabic, spoken in Saudi Arabia along the coast of the Red Sea, especially in the cities of Makka and Jiddah. Although, strictly speaking, there are two distinct dialects spoken in the Hejaz region, one by the bedouin rural population, and another by the urban population, the term most often applies to the urban variety, spoken in cities such as Jeddah, Mecca, Yanbu.
• Najdi Arabic, spoken in the center of the peninsula in Saudi Arabia. It is characterized by a shift of /q/ to [dz] and /k/ to [ts].
• Gulf Arabic (including Omani Arabic, Dhofari Arabic and Shihhi Arabic), spoken in the coast of the Persian Gulf.
• Bahrani Arabic, spoken in Bahrain and Oman.
• The dialect of the Syrian Desert nomads, with the characteristic feature of /q/ > [dz] and /k/ > [ts].

Footnotes