Sashastra Seema Bal

Sashastra Seema Bal
Armed Border Force
Common name सशस्त्र सीमा बल
Abbreviation SSB
स सी ब

Emblem/Logo of the Sashastra Seema Bal
Motto Service, Security and Brotherhood
Agency overview
Formed 1963
Legal personality Non government: Central Armed Police Forces
Jurisdictional structure
Federal agency IN
Governing body Ministry of Home Affairs (India)
Constituting instrument Sashastra Seema Bal Act, 2007
General nature
Specialist jurisdictions
  • National border patrol, security, and integrity.
Operational structure
Headquarters New Delhi, India
Minister responsible Rajnath Singh, Union Home Minister
Agency executive Archana Ramasundram IPS, Director-General, SSB
Parent agency Central Armed Police Forces
Website
www.ssb.nic.in

Sashastra Seema Bal or SSB, in English the Armed Border Force (rarely translated into English in Indian usage) (Devanāgarī: सशस्त्र सीमा बल) is one of India's Central Armed Police Forces. It is often loosely referred to as a paramilitary force, but it is not one of the three officially defined paramilitary forces of India. It is currently under the administrative control of the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA), Government of India. It was formerly known as the Special Service Bureau.

History

The Special Service Bureau (also abbreviated SSB) was set up in early 20 December 1963, following the Sino-Indian War. The primary task of the force was to provide armed support for the Research and Analysis Wing (RAW),[1] India's foreign intelligence agency, with a secondary objective to inculcate feelings of national belonging in the border population and assist them in developing their capabilities for resistance through a continuous process of motivation, training, development, welfare programmes and activities in the then NEFA, North Assam (the northern areas of the Indian state of Assam), North Bengal (the northern areas of the Indian State of West Bengal) and the hills of Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh and Ladakh. The programme was later extended to Manipur, Tripura, Jammu in 1965; Meghalaya in 1975; Sikkim in 1976; the border areas of Rajasthan and Gujarat in 1989; Manipur, Mizoram and further areas of Rajasthan as well as Gujarat in 1988; South Bengal (the southern areas of West Bengal); Nagaland in 1989; and the Nubra Valley, Rajouri and the Poonch district of Jammu and Kashmir in 1991.[2]

Its primary purpose was to counter an act of aggression by the People's Liberation Army. The previous thinking had been that, militarily, the Chinese were "superior" to India and in the event of a war, the Chinese might attempt to overwhelm Indian forces. So, in 1963, a unique force was created, which would, in the event of such an attempt by the Chinese to invade and occupy Indian territory, merge with the border population, donning civilian attire, working a parallel administration and carry out the war of India with the help of guerrilla tactics.[3]

The SSB model proved an enormous success, evident by what it had achieved in training the Mukti Bahini in Bangladesh and other places, COIN Op's in the north-east and in its ability to provide security at high peaks during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 as well as during the Kargil War.

From the Cabinet, the SSB was transferred to the Ministry of Home Affairs and assigned the duties of manning the Nepal and Bhutan borders. The SSB was renamed the Sashastra Seema Bal, in accordance with its new role, and would come under the administrative control of the Ministry of Home Affairs in January 2001. This was done after the Kargil War with the adoption of the "one border one force concept".

In the 40 years of its existence, SSB endeavoured to present a benign face of the government among border populace in the far flung and inaccessible areas subscribing to the ETHOS of Service, Security and Brotherhood. The local populace always found SSB standing steadfastly with them during difficult times.[4]

Pursuant to the recommendations of a group of ministers on reforming the national security system, SSB was declared as a Border Guarding Force and Lead Intelligence Agency (LIA) for Indo-Nepal border (June, 2001) and assigned the task of guarding the 1751 km long Indo-Nepal border along the states of Uttarakhand, (263.7 km with 3 districts), Uttar Pradesh (599.3 km - with 7 districts), Bihar (800.4 km - with 7 districts), West Bengal (105.6 km - with 1 district) and Sikkim (99 km). In March 2004, SSB was assigned the task of guarding the 699 km stretch of Indo-Bhutan border along the states of Sikkim- (32 km), West Bengal (183 km - with 2 districts), Assam (267 km - with 4 districts) and, Arunachal Pradesh (217 km - with 2 districts).[5] Since then SSB was re-christened into Sashastra Seema Bal and reached new heights. SSB is the first border guarding force which has decided to recruit women battalions. It is doing excellent job as Border Guarding Force on Indo-Nepal and Indo-Bhutan Border.

SSB is also engaged in Counter-Insurgency operations in Jammu and Kashmir and Anti-naxal operations in Jharkhand, Bihar and Chhattisgarh. It is also performing internal security duties i.e. Election duties and law and order duties in different parts of India.

SSB celebrated the year 2013 as Golden Jubilee year marking 50 years of its raising. The celebrations have commenced with the Flag-off of a Mount Everest Expedition on 2 April 2013 from Delhi. The team led by Shri Somit Joshi, Commandant, successfully reached at the peak at about 9.45 am on 21 May 2013 to commemorate the 50th anniversary.

In 2014 the government of India approved the recruitment of women as combat officers in SSB.[6]

Role

The previous role of the Special Service Bureau was to motivate and mobilise India's border population for national security during times of peace as well as war and to promote a sense of security and brotherhood among the population, in furtherance of national integration. Its present-day role consists of preventing cross-border crime and smuggling as well as other anti-national activities.

In pursuit of achieving this mandated task, the SSB has been conferred with certain powers under the Criminal Procedure Code of 1973, the Arms Act of 1959, the NDPS Act of 1985 and the Passport Act of 1967. The Government of India also contemplates conferring additional powers under the Customs Act of 1962.

These powers are to be exercised within a belt of 15 km in the states of Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal, Sikkim, Assam and Arunachal Pradesh, running along the Indo-Nepal and Indo-Bhutan borders, as well as in any other area of SSB operation.

Organisation

Prior to 2001, the force was known as the Special Service Bureau (SSB). As per its revised role, the uniform wing worked under the operational command of civilian officers. It was in 1985 that a 15 % quota of Area Organisers, for promotion to the rank of Deputy Inspector-General, was given to the Commandants of the uniform wing. The civil wing worked in the Area of Operations (AOPs) along the Indo-Tibet and Indo-Pakistan border. Recruitment in uniform wing would be from among Indian youth of the border area who have undergone advanced training in guerrilla warfare and also selected by the respective operational commander such as by the Divisional Organiser, Area Organiser, Sub-Area Organiser and Circle Organiser.

The Divisional Organiser was equivalent in rank to that of Inspector-General of Police, specifically earmarked for the respective AOPs to which they belonged and were activated by. The repercussions of the closure of the old role have been debated and deliberated in the defence establishments and now the relevance of the old role of SSB has been realised for the security of the border area, as such a role is likely to be revived.

The highest-level headquarters of the force is Force Headquarters (FHQ), also called the Directorate-General of SSB, located in the Indian capital of New Delhi. Force Headquarters (FHQ) is commanded by an officer of the rank of Director-General. The Director-General is assisted by the Additional Director-General. Various Directorates like Operations and Intelligence, Personnel and Training, Administration, Provisioning and Communication, Medical, as well as others, function under the DG. Each Directorate is headed by an IG and assisted by a DIG and other officers.

Frontier Headquarters (FTR HQ) is commanded by an officer of the rank of Inspector-General (IG), who is placed next in the chain of command after the FHQ. FTR HQR, in turn, exercises command and control over the sector HQs. There are five FTR HQRs situated at Ranikhet, Lucknow, Patna, Siliguri and Guwahati.

The Sector HQs are commanded by Officers of the rank of Deputy Inspector- General (DIG). There are15 Sector Headquarters located at Almora, Pilibhit, Lakhimpur Kheri, Gorakhpur, Bettiah, Muzzafarpur, Purnea, Ranidanga, New Jaipaiguri, Gangtok, Bongaigaon, Rangia, Tezpur, Jammu and Kashmir and Alwar. The Sector HQ exercises direct command and control over the SSB Battalions deployed in its area of responsibility along Indo-Nepal and Indo-Bhutan borders.

The SSB Battalion, having a strength of 1,172 personnel, is commanded by an officer of the rank of Commandant and who is assisted by officers of the rank of Second-in-Command, Deputy Commandant and Assistant Commandant. The battalion is further divided into Companies and Border Out-Post (BOP). There are seven companies in a battalion, each company consisting of three border outposts. The company is commanded by an Assistant Commandants and the BOP is commanded by Sub-Inspectors. The Ministry of Home Affairs has sanctioned 73 Battalions for the SSB to carry out their border duties as well as those of internal security.

SSB has launched official social media links for public viewing i.e. Facebook page https://www.facebook.com/SSBMHA/ and Twitter link https://twitter.com/DGSSB/

Ranks

Present rank structure is as under :-

Combatised wing

  1. Director-General
  2. Special Director
  3. Additional Director-General
  4. Inspector-General
  5. Deputy Inspector-General
  6. Commandant
  7. Second-in-Command
  8. Deputy Commandant
  9. Assistant Commandant
  1. Inspector
  2. Sub-Inspector
  3. Assistant Sub-Inspector
  4. Head Constable
  5. Constable
  6. Tradesmen

SSB Executive Service Officers

  1. Area Organiser (Joins uniform rank of DIG on promotion)
  2. Joint Area Organiser
  3. Sub-Area Organiser
  4. Circle Organiser
  1. Field Officer (Medical, Communication and General)
  2. Deputy Field Officer (Medical, Veterinary, Communication and General)
  3. Assistant Field Officer (Medical, Veterinary, Communication and General)
  4. Senior Field Assistant (Medical, Veterinary, Communication and General)
  5. Field Assistant (Medical, Veterinary, Communication and General)
  6. Peons

Recruitment

  1. Assistant Commandants - Assistant Commandants (Pay scale ₹ 15,600-39,100 plus grade pay ₹ 5,400) are recruited through a Competitive Examination conducted by Union Public Service Commission (UPSC). It is Group "A" Gazetted Central Service. Assistant Commandants are subsequently promoted to the rank of Deputy Commandant (Pay scale ₹ 15,600-39,100 plus grade pay ₹ 6,600), Second-in-Command (Pay scale ₹ 15,600-39,100 plus grade pay ₹ 7,600), Commandant (Pay scale ₹ 37,400-67,000 plus grade pay ₹ 8,700), Deputy Inspector-General (Pay scale ₹ 37,400-67,000 plus grade pay ₹ 8,900), Inspector-General (Pay scale ₹ 37,400-67,000 plus grade pay ₹ 10,000) and Additional Director-General (Pay scale ₹ 67,000-79,000 plus HAG) and Director-General (Pay scale ₹ 80,000 fixed) over the years.
  2. Sub-Inspectors - Sub-Inspectors (Pay scale ₹ 9,300-34,800 plus grade pay ₹ 4,200) are recruited by Staff Selection Commission (SSC).
  3. Constables - Constables (Pay scale ₹ 5,200-20,200 plus grade pay ₹ 2,000) are recruited by Staff Selection Commission (SSC).

Training Centres

Both civil and uniformed cadres of SSB are equally trained in various warfare's and other specialised courses such as Guerrilla warfare, Counter-Insurgency, Intelligence, Demolition, Jungle and Snow survival etc. The various training centres within the Force and in the training centres of other organisations/agencies. SSB Academy is located at Srinagar in Jammu & Kashmir and Gharwal in Uttarakhand. It has its extension at Gwaldam as well. Training centres of SSB includes:

  1. CTC Salonibari (Assam)
  2. CIJW School Gwaldam (Uttarakhand)
  3. CTC, Sapri (Himachal Pradesh)
  4. Telecom TC Kasumpti, Shimla
  5. RTC Kumarsai, Shimla
  6. RTC Sarahan, Shimla
  7. RTC Gorakhpur (UP)
  8. RTC Bhopal (MP)
  9. RTC Alwar (Raj)
  10. MTC Shimla (HP)
  11. ITS Ghitorni (Del)
  12. IT&T TC, Faridabad (Haryana)
  13. DTC Palampur (HP)

See also

References

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